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991.
A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Scientists working with large volumes of high-dimensional data, such as global climate patterns, stellar spectra, or human gene distributions, regularly confront the problem of dimensionality reduction: finding meaningful low-dimensional structures hidden in their high-dimensional observations. The human brain confronts the same problem in everyday perception, extracting from its high-dimensional sensory inputs-30,000 auditory nerve fibers or 10(6) optic nerve fibers-a manageably small number of perceptually relevant features. Here we describe an approach to solving dimensionality reduction problems that uses easily measured local metric information to learn the underlying global geometry of a data set. Unlike classical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and multidimensional scaling (MDS), our approach is capable of discovering the nonlinear degrees of freedom that underlie complex natural observations, such as human handwriting or images of a face under different viewing conditions. In contrast to previous algorithms for nonlinear dimensionality reduction, ours efficiently computes a globally optimal solution, and, for an important class of data manifolds, is guaranteed to converge asymptotically to the true structure. 相似文献
992.
993.
The hill to hill variation in tuber yield and mainstem number was studied on 18 potato farms. There were up to 14-fold differences in the tuber yield per hill among plants of Norland, Russet Burbank, Norchip, Carlton and Alaska Red. The mainstem number was more variable than tuber weight per hill in Norland, Russet Burbank and Alaska Red. However, the opposite was true in Norchip and Carlton. In nearly all comparisons, the number of tubers per hill was less variable than tuber weight and mainstem number per hill. The total variation in tuber weight found in about 50% of the samples could be explained by the variance of hills within rows. Even in samples where an added variance component due to differences among rows was present, relatively more variation occurred within than among rows. The correlation coefficients between the number of mainstems and tuber weight per hill were positive but significant (P&< 0.05) only in Norland and Norchip. The correlation coefficients between the number of mainstems and number of tubers per hill were also positive but slightly higher and significant (P<0.01) in all 5 cultivars. The coefficient of determination values indicated that variation in cut seed piece weight explained only about 10% of the total variation in tuber weight harvested per hill. At a spacing of 30 cm within the row, a major proportion of hill to hill variation in tuber yield had to be explained by factors other than the seed piece weight. 相似文献
994.
Bactericidal activity of zinc oxide particles embedded in poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) electrospun fibers
Fernando A. G. da Silva Jr. Rafael C. Libório Mateus M. da Costa Helinando P. de Oliveira 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(9):1793-1796
Composites of metal oxide nanoparticles incorporated into poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) electrospun fibers can be considered potential and low cost bactericidal agents. Homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles in the core of fibers and minimal aggregation induced by strong interaction with polymeric template are factors that contribute with diffusion of metal oxide nanoparticles from bulk to the fiber surface and subsequent release of nanoparticles to bacterial culture. Hybrid electrospun fibers were successfully applied against bacteria as a result of reasonable degree of interaction between zinc oxide and fibers as detected from FTIR analysis, DSC curves and SEM images. 相似文献
995.
Silva BM Andrade PB Martins RC Valentão P Ferreres F Seabra RM Ferreira MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(1):111-122
This paper presents a large amount of data on the composition of quince fruit with regard to phenolic compounds, organic acids, and free amino acids. Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) is carried out to characterize this fruit. The main purposes of this study were (i) the clarification of the interactions among three factors-quince fruit part, geographical origin of the fruits, and harvesting year-and the phenolic, organic acid, and free amino acid profiles; (ii) the classification of the possible differences; and (iii) the possible correlation among the contents of phenolics, organic acids, and free amino acids in quince fruit. With these aims, quince pulp and peel from nine geographical origins of Portugal, harvested in three consecutive years, for a total of 48 samples, were studied. PCA was performed to assess the relationship among the different components of quince fruit phenolics, organic acids, and free amino acids. Phenolics determination was the most interesting. The difference between pulp and peel phenolic profiles was more apparent during PCA. Two PCs accounted for 81.29% of the total variability, PC1 (74.14%) and PC2 (7.15%). PC1 described the difference between the contents of caffeoylquinic acids (3-O-, 4-O-, and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acids and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid) and flavonoids (quercetin 3-galactoside, rutin, kaempferol glycoside, kaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol 3-rutinoside, quercetin glycosides acylated with p-coumaric acid, and kaempferol glycosides acylated with p-coumaric acid). PC2 related the content of 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid with the contents of 5-O-caffeoylquinic and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acids. PCA of phenolic compounds enables a clear distinction between the two parts of the fruit. The data presented herein may serve as a database for the detection of adulteration in quince derivatives. 相似文献
996.
H T McCarthy P C Ellis M L Silva B Mills 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1989,72(5):828-834
Volatile acid number, an official AOAC method for assessing seafood quality, was compared with an enzymatic method for measuring acetic acid. Thirty-eight samples of fresh fish and 23 samples of canned fish were evaluated. The data showed high positive correlations between volatile acid number and enzymatic acetic acid methods; the correlation coefficient was 0.98 for fresh fish and 0.95 for canned fish. Positive correlation coefficients of 0.93 and 0.96 were also associated with samples of fish divided into 2 groups on the basis of acceptable or unacceptable quality, respectively. There was no significant difference between the means for the volatile acid number and enzymatic acetic acid procedures at the 5% level of significance. Decomposition studies on cod and mackerel, representing a lean and fatty fish, respectively, were monitored over 9 days by using the following analyses: volatile acid number, acetic acid, total volatile bases, and thiobarbituric acid. Results of the decomposition studies showed that enzymatic acetic acid levels closely paralleled volatile acid number values in both lean and fatty fish. Total volatile bases was a reliable supplemental measure for evaluating lean seafood quality, whereas thiobarbituric acid was more appropriate for further assessment of fatty fish quality. 相似文献
997.
Paixão Pedro Thiago Medeiros Nascimento Ana Carolina Campana Nascimento Moysés Azevedo Camila Ferreira Oliveira Gabriela França da Silva Felipe Lopes Caixeta Eveline Teixeira 《Euphytica》2022,218(4):1-9
Euphytica - Head splitting is a major physiological disease in cabbage. The most effective approach for controlling head splitting is to deploy genetic resistance by breeding cabbage cultivars with... 相似文献
998.
da Silva Carneiro Lázaro Ribeiro Milton Cezar Aguiar Willian Moura de de Fátima Priante Camila Frantine-Silva Wilson Gaglianone Maria Cristina 《Landscape Ecology》2022,37(6):1587-1601
Landscape Ecology - Multiscale approaches are essential for understanding ecological processes and detecting the scale of effect. However, nested multiscale approaches retain the effect of the... 相似文献
999.
de Souza Diego Miranda Raetano Carlos Gilberto Negrisoli Matheus Mereb Bernardes Laryssa Moreira Junior Luciano Del Bem Rodrigues Danilo Morilha da Silva Flávio Nunes Dario Gustavo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,163(4):853-864
European Journal of Plant Pathology - Multisite fungicides are an anti-resistance strategy to control Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Among the protective fungicides, mancozeb is a fungicide that has been... 相似文献
1000.
Modesto Lenon Romano de Almeida Anna Flávia Neri Steiner Daniel Ricardo Maass Ribeiro César Freitas Nodari Rubens Onofre Welter Leocir José da Silva Aparecido Lima 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,163(3):695-706
European Journal of Plant Pathology - Anthracnose (Elsinöe ampelina) is a major fungal disease in humid regions, causing damage to grapevine berries and decreasing fruit quality. Studies... 相似文献