华北旱地土壤硫施用量指标

Fifteen upland soils collected from the major arable areas in North China were used to assess the availability of soil sulfur (S) to plants in a pot experiment. Soils were extracted with various reagents and the extractable S was determined using turbidimetric method or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), respectively. In addition, mineralizable organic S, organic S, N/S ratio, sulfur availability index (SAI) and available sulfur correction value (ASC) in soils were also determined. The S amount extracted by 1.5 g L^-1 CaCl₂ was nearly equivalent to that by 0.25 mol L^-1 KCl (40 ℃), and both of them were slightly smaller than that by 0.01 mol L^-1 Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ solution, as measured by turbidimetric method or ICP-AES. The extractable S measured by turbidimetric method was consistently smaller than that by ICP-AES. All methods tested except that for organic S and N/S ratio produced satisfactory results in the regression analyses of the relationships between the amounts of S extracted and plant dry matter weight and S uptake in the pot experiment. In general, 0.01 mol L^-1 Ca(H₂PO₄)₂-extracted S determined by ICP-AES or turbidimetric method and 0.25 mol L^-1 KCl (40 ℃)-extracted S determined by ICP-AES appeared to be the best indicators for evaluation of soil available S.     

鸡胚胸腺的组织发育

连续观察孵化至１４～２１日龄的鸡胚胸腺,详细描述了早日龄鸡胚胸腺的组织学分化发育过程。结果显示,胸腺完整组织结构的形成约在１８日龄。２１日龄出现的非炎性异嗜性细胞在胸腺组织分化发育过程中所起的作用值得注意。     

几种杨树对光肩星天牛的抗性研究

该文对宁夏新引进和原有的１４ 种杨树的生长及抗虫性进行了研究,发现欧洲山杨三倍体、截叶毛白杨等数种杨树,在一定的环境条件下,具有较好的相对抗虫性．并对其抗虫强度进行了排序．其抗虫性都优于新疆杨．     

宁夏光肩星天牛、黄斑星天牛天敌昆虫的研究

宁夏光肩星天牛和黄斑星天牛天敌昆虫自然种群很少,主要有花绒穴甲寄生天牛的老熟幼虫、蛹、成虫,柿树螟蛾捕食天牛卵,寄生蝇、虱蝇类寄生天牛幼虫和蛹,姬小蜂寄生天牛蛹．花绒穴甲是大型杨树天牛最有价值的优势天敌种,在宁夏很多地区有少量发现．该虫自然扩散能力弱,分布狭窄,在生态条件较好的地区寄生率较高,其它昆虫偶尔发现有寄生和捕食现象,但数量极少．     

林业措施控制杨树天牛的研究

林业措施是目前控制杨树天牛灾害的重要方法．通过对不同林分结构抗虫效应的研究发现,宁夏现有的杨树品种在与免疫或高抗树种配置时,受害程度很高;杨树纯林受害程度也很高．只有抗性较强的树种或品种与抗性较弱的树种或品种配置,即树种或品种抗虫性差异显著时, 抗性较强的树种或品种受害程度明显低于抗性较弱的树种或品种．另外通过试验发现人工修枝可以减轻天牛危害     

半滑舌鳎两种leptin基因的体外重组表达和生物活性分析

根据半滑舌鳎lepa和lepb编码氨基酸序列合成开放阅读框ORF肽段。利用原核表达载体pEQ30成功构建了半滑舌鳎lepa/pQE30和lepb/pQE30重组质粒,分别转化至大肠杆菌M15后,经IPTG诱导获得了N端含6个组氨酸的半滑舌鳎LepA和LepB重组蛋白。获得的重组蛋白大小均为16 ku,37°C下用0.5 mmol/L的IPTG诱导4 h后目的蛋白表达量最高,主要以包涵体形式存在。检测半滑舌鳎LepA和LepB重组蛋白浓度分别为0.3和0.25 mg/mL。Western blot免疫印迹和质谱分析表明,获得的LepA和LepB重组蛋白均具有免疫活性且序列正确。Ni2+-NTA亲和层析柱纯化可获得高纯度的半滑舌鳎LepA和LepB重组蛋白。离体孵育实验表明,获得的半滑舌鳎LepA和LepB重组蛋白能显著抑制半滑舌鳎下丘脑lepa、lepb和gnrh3 mRNA的表达水平,表明获得的重组蛋白具有明显的生物活性。研究结果可为探究leptin在半滑舌鳎生长发育中的调控机制提供重要参考。     

黄条鰤线粒体全基因组测序及结构特征分析

通过二代测序、软件拼接获得中国黄海海域黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)线粒体基因组全序列。其序列全长为16609 bp,碱基组成分别为A(26.68%)、G(17.84%)、C(30.12%)和T(25.36%);共有13条蛋白编码基因, 22个tRNA基因, 2个rRNA基因,除NAD6、trnQ、trnA、trnN、trnC、trnY、trnS、trnE、trnP外,其余基因均在H链上编码。黄条鰤线粒体基因组全序列与蛋白编码基因的A+T含量分别为52.05%和51.085%,具有明显的AT偏好性。线粒体基因中存在2个散在重复序列,分别位于NAD1基因序列正义链的中游和COX2基因序列反义链的上游。在其22个tRNA基因中,除了tRNAGly外,均具有典型的三叶草二级结构。黄条鰤线粒体基因组的蛋白编码基因起止位点与密码子除COX1、NAD5外,均与日本海域出产的黄条鰤(Seriola lalandi)完全吻合,且COX1、NAD5基因皆短于日本黄条鰤;两者间存在一定的遗传差异。基于18种隶属于13属的鲹科鱼类线粒体基因组全序列构建系统发生树,可知小甘鲹(Seriolina nigrofasciata)、黄条鰤、五条鰤(Seriola quinqueradiata)、高体鰤(Seriola dumerili)、长鳍鰤(Seriola rivoliana)同属一近支,且黄条鰤与五条鰤亲缘关系最近,与小甘鲹进化距离较远。     

Effects of dietary ascorbic acid levels on cholesterol metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

An 80‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation at different levels (0, 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg l ‐ascorbate‐2‐polyphosphate; 7.6, 77.2 and 146.7 mg/kg AA, respectively) on cholesterol metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Dietary AA supplementation regardless of inclusion level increased the serum total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and LDL cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. No significant differences were observed in the serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels, faecal cholesterol content, hepatic activity and mRNA expression of acyl‐coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase among the dietary treatments. Dietary AA inclusion increased the faecal bile acid content, hepatic activity and mRNA expression of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and hepatic cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase mRNA expression, but decreased the hepatic LDL receptor content. High level of AA supplementation (0.4 g/kg) depressed the serum cortisol levels. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with 0.2?0.4 g/kg l ‐ascorbate‐2‐polyphosphate may increase the serum total cholesterol level in rainbow trout. The cholesterol‐raising effect of AA may be due to the increased hepatic cholesterol production and the depressed cholesterol clearance from serum. In addition, dietary AA inclusion also facilitates the hepatic conversion of cholesterol to bile acids.     

黄条仔稚幼鱼消化酶活性变化研究

为了解黄条(Seriola aureovittata)早期发育阶段的消化生理特性,测定了黄条胚胎、仔稚幼鱼阶段脂肪酶、淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和碱性磷酸酶活性变化。结果显示,在黄条仔鱼出膜前胚胎阶段,即能检测到脂肪酶、淀粉酶和碱性磷酸酶活性;初孵仔鱼体内(1 d)初次检测出胰蛋白酶的活性。脂肪酶和碱性磷酸酶比活力在仔鱼孵化后迅速增强(P<0.05),在4 d开口时,2种酶比活力达最高值;淀粉酶比活力在7 d时达最大值;胰蛋白酶比活力在仔鱼阶段缓慢上升,15 d时比活力最大。稚鱼阶段内脏团中脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶和胰蛋白酶活性基本维持稳定,幼鱼阶段内脏团脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶和胰蛋白酶活性都呈现上升趋势;稚鱼和幼鱼阶段内脏团中淀粉酶活性下降并基本稳定于较低水平。研究表明,黄条仔稚幼鱼发育过程中,各种消化酶活性变化明显,且与其发育阶段和食性密切相关。在尚未摄食饵料的早期仔鱼体内已存在消化酶,认为其是母源传递而来,不是由外源性饵料所致;幼鱼阶段内脏团脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶和胰蛋白酶比活力明显提高,这反映出随苗种生长发育,其肠道结构和消化机能逐渐完善,并且对脂肪、蛋白质的需求逐渐增强。     

生长轴对半滑舌鳎早期生长发育的调控作用

为深入了解生长轴(GH/IGF axis)对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)生长发育的调控作用,采用定量PCR方法研究了GH/IGF轴5个关键生长因子(GH、GHR1、GHR2、IGF-I、IGF-II)在配子、胚胎发育和仔稚幼鱼生长过程中的差异表达调控特性。结果显示,这5个生长因子都具有亲本遗传的特性,除GH外,精子中其他4个生长因子转录表达水平均显著高于卵子。在胚胎发育阶段, GH mRNA在胚胎发育各时期均有表达,且在细胞分裂初期和孵化期表达水平较高。GHR1和GHR2mRNA在胚胎发育各时期呈现相似的表达水平变化趋势,除囊胚期和原肠胚期外, GHR1 mRNA的表达量均高于GHR2。IGF-I和IGF-II mRNA在胚胎发育各时期均表达, IGF-I在孵化期表达水平最高, IGF-II在胚体下包2/3期和孵化期表达水平最高。除64细胞期和128细胞期外, IGF-II mRNA的表达量均显著高于IGF-I (P0.05)。在仔稚幼鱼生长阶段, GH mRNA表达水平从孵化后3 d开始显著升高,到6 d时达峰值。GHR1 mRNA表达水平自6 d开始显著升高(P0.05),到30 d达峰值。GHR2 mRNA在3 d、20 d、25 d、30 d和60 d均处于显著高表达水平(P0.05)。IGF-I mRNA在3 d表达水平最高, IGF-II mRNA从6 d开始显著上调表达,并保持较高表达水平至45 d, IGF-II mRNA表达量均显著高于IGF-I (P0.05)。偏相关分析发现:这5个生长因子通过正向协同或负向拮抗作用在半滑舌鳎胚胎发育和仔稚幼鱼生长过程中共同起调控作用。研究结果为深入了解GH/IGF轴对鱼类生长调控机制积累了新的素材。