菜豆抗锈育种的抗源筛选和抗病基因分析

通过对国内外引进的162个品种的田间自然发病调查和苗期接种鉴定,筛选出抗病型品种37个,中抗型21个,中感型60个,感病型44个.抗锈型品种中大多数是从国外引进且多属于矮生类型,其中少数矮生品种可直接用于生产,其余品种虽园艺性状不佳、但仍可作为蔓生菜豆育种的抗源亲本.抗病基因分析结果表明,抗锈性受一对基因控制且为显性.F_2代抗与感分离,经x~2测定完全符合3:1比例.本文对抗锈育种目标、苗期接种鉴定方法及用纯系小种作基因分析等进行了讨论.     

基于GAM的长江口鱼类资源时空分布及影响因素

根据2006至2017年长江口及其邻近海域鱼类资源调查,运用广义加性模型研究长江口鱼类资源密度与环境因子之间的关系,并对2017年鱼类资源密度的时空分布进行预测。结果显示,春夏秋冬四个季节最佳GAM偏差解释率分别为69.6%、55.9%、51.4%和47.4%,交叉验证回归线斜率的平均效应为0.62～0.88。盐度、水温和溶解氧是影响长江口鱼类资源密度的主要环境影响因子且在不同季节对鱼类资源密度有不同的影响机制。总体上,在春、夏、秋季,盐度与鱼类资源密度之间存在正向相关性;在夏、秋、冬季,水温对鱼类资源密度有显著影响,在秋季与鱼类资源密度之间存在正向相关性;在春、秋、冬季,溶解氧对鱼类资源密度有显著影响,在冬季与鱼类资源密度之间存在正向线性相关。研究表明,2017年夏季鱼类资源密度较高;在长江口南支的自然延伸水域存在鱼类资源密度的相对低值,在崇明岛向海自然延伸方向水域存在鱼类资源密度的相对高值。后续研究将对长江口鱼类资源进行不同生态类型区分,以期更加准确地掌握影响各生态类型鱼类时空分布的环境因素及其时空分布信息。     

高校大学毕业生就业竞争力提高途径研究

大学生就业难是目前高校毕业生面临的主要问题,而大学毕业生就业竞争力不足已成为当前制约毕业生就业的瓶颈。文章从大学生自身角度出发,分析了在求职过程中表现出的实践动手能力差、缺乏从基层做起的实干精神、团队合作意识和社会适应能力差等问题,并从引导大学生树立正确的就业观念、培养吃苦耐劳的品质、提高大学生综合素质、增强团队合作意识和社会适应能力、强化实践锻炼方面提出了增强大学生就业竞争力的有效途径。     

农业大省农业结构调整之策略——以河南省农业结构调整为例

对河南省农业结构存在的问题进行了分析,探讨了河南省农业结构调整应把握的主要原则及河南省农业结构调整的主要策略。     

蔷薇科甜茶加工应用研究进展

蔷薇科甜茶营养丰富,含有甜茶甙、多酚、黄酮等多种活性物质。总结了蔷薇科甜茶的加工应用状况,为蔷薇科甜茶的进一步加工应用和市场开发提供参考。     

苹果渣饲喂泌乳牛的试验效果

苹果渣是生产苹果汁的下脚料,营养丰富,适口性好,近几年,随着苹果加工厂的增加,我市许多养奶牛户利用苹果渣下脚料饲喂奶牛,不仅解决了苹果渣造成的环境污染问题,而且提高了奶牛产量,降低了生产成本,增加了奶牛养殖业效益。为进一步验证和推广该技术,笔者于1999年在我场进行了利用苹果渣饲喂泌乳牛的对比试验,取得了理想效果。     

Mass propagation of Satyrium nepalense D.Don.—A medicinal orchid via seed culture

An in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established in Satyrium nepalense, a terrestrial orchid by culturing immature seeds from unripe fruits. Seeds were germinated on Murashige and Skoog, Knudson C and Knudson C modified Morel medium. The germination of the seeds and development of protocorm was highest in MS medium (86.7%) followed by Knudson C modified Morel medium (74%) and Knudson C medium (61.2%). Among the cytokinins tried for multiple shoot induction from the protocorm, 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-urea (TDZ) was found to be superior. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was effective for inducing healthy roots. Well-developed plantlets were hardened in vermicompost (leaf litter + cow dung 1:1), sand and coconut husk (1:1:1).     

Induced resistance to<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cladosporium cucumerinum</Emphasis> in cucumber by pectinases extracted from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Penicillium oxalicum</Emphasis>

Pectinases extract (PE) from the fermentation product ofPenicillium oxalicum BZH-2002 was tested for its ability to induce protection against scab caused byCladosporium cucumerinum on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. Seedlings with one true leaf were sprayed with various concentrations of PE (10–200 units ml⁻¹) 3 days before inoculation withC. cucumerinum. Results showed that the induced local protection against the pathogen was dose-dependent when the concentrations of PE were between 20 and 120 units ml⁻¹; systemically induced resistance against the pathogen was not observed. Boiled PE had a slight effect on disease reduction. Commercial pectinases prepared fromAspergillus niger showed lower protection against scab compared with PE when they were used at the same concentration of enzyme activity. No inhibitory activity was observed on conidial germination or germ-tube growth ofC. cucumerinum. PE was further evaluated for its enhancement of defense-related enzymes. Peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) increased in cucumber seedlings after treatment with PE. PO and PPO remained at a higher level in PE-pretreated seedlings throughout the experiment period whether pathogen-inoculated or non-inoculated, whereas PAL activity began to decrease 2 days after PE treatment. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004.     

猴头菌提取物对大鼠胃粘膜损伤保护作用的研究

用三种不同主式得到的猴头菌提取物(猴头菌子实体粗多糖、猴头菌菌丝体粗多糖、猴头菌菌丝体全提物)对乙醇致大鼠胃粘膜损伤的治疗作用进行研究。结果表明,当以等原生药量计时,子实休机多糖疗效最明显,菌丝体全提物次之,菌丝体粗多糖较差,溃疡抑制率分别达70.8％、51.4％和41.5％;当以等多糖含量计时,则三个样品的疗效接近,溃疡抑制率达到60％左右。这进一步证实猴头菌多糖是猴头菌保护大鼠胃粘膜的主要活性物质。     

温度预处理对二倍体马铃薯花药培养诱导愈伤的影响

以原始二倍体栽培种Solanumphureja-S.stenotomum(PHU-STN)杂种无性系BD10-7和BD29-1的花药为试验材料,研究温度预处理对二倍体马铃薯花药培养过程愈伤组织诱导阶段的影响。预处理采用4℃低温、35℃热激分别进行暗培养24h、48h、72h,预处理后在22℃条件下进行花药培养,以愈伤组织的诱导率为指标探求最佳的预处理方法和水平。结果表明:4℃低温预处理48h后接种花药可明显提高愈伤组织诱导率;两个材料接种后进行热激处理愈伤组织诱导率表现不一致。