Quality Changes and Shelf Life of Cultured and Wild Hot-Smoked Mediterranean Horse Mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) at Refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) Conditions

ABSTRACT

Mariculturing of horse mackerel is not known in the world. Additionally, limited studies exist on quality changes of smoked horse mackerel at refrigerated temperatures. Therefore, in this study, between 1+ and 2-year-old wild and cultured horse mackerels were hot smoked and stored at refrigerated conditions. Chemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses were performed weekly to investigate quality changes and to determine the shelf stability of the products. The results of thiobarbituric acid, trimethylamine, and total bacteria counts were obtained within the acceptable levels. Although the counts of histamine-forming bacteria increased significantly (p < 0.05) during storage, histamine values were well below the permitted limits set by Food and Drug Administration and European Union (EU). Sensory results showed that both storage groups had 3 weeks of shelf life. Total volatile basic nitrogen values supported sensory results. Therefore, the results indicate that culturing of horse mackerel did not alter the quality during storage at 4 ± 1°C.     

中药治疗奶牛卵巢机能不全性繁殖障碍的临床效果研究

采用纯中药对137例因卵巢机能不全引起的繁殖障碍奶牛进行1～3个疗程的治疗,结果显示：总发情率为81.75%,总治愈率为72.26%。在137例中42例为育成牛为发情延迟,治疗后发情率和治愈率分别为90.48%和83.33%。95例经产奶牛中有61例为产后久不发情,治疗后其发情率和治愈率分别为85.25%和77.05%;发情周期紊乱牛15头,治疗后发情率和治愈率分别为53.33%和33.33%;卵巢萎缩牛19例,治疗后发情率和治愈率分别为73.68%和63.16%。结论：该中药组方对育成牛发情延迟和经产牛久不发情有较好的治疗效果,对卵巢萎缩有一定的疗效,但对发情紊乱的治疗效果不佳。     

膨化混合饲料对泌乳后期奶牛泌乳性能、干物质采食量和营养物质表观消化率的影响

【研究目的】本文旨在研究膨化混合料对泌乳后期奶牛泌乳性能、干物质采食量（DMI）和营养物质表观消化率的影响。【方法】试验采用荷斯坦泌乳后期奶牛80头,随机分成2组。对照组精料为常规饲料,试验组精料中的能量、蛋白饲料为膨化饲料。试验期56天。【结果】试验结果表明：膨化混合料可显著增加泌乳牛的日产奶量（P＜0.05）,试验组全期产奶总量及标准乳产量分别为1117.40 kg/头和1128.30 kg/头,比对照组增加56.43 kg/头和50.29 kg/头;膨化混合料对乳脂率和固形物总产量影响显著（P＜0.05）,试验组产脂量、固形物产量分别比对照组高1.85 kg和1.17 kg;膨化混合料可提高奶牛DMI和粗蛋白表观消化率（P＜0.05）,试验组DMI比对照组增加1.57kg/d,有机物的表观消化率在两组间差异不显著。【结论】膨化混合料可提高产奶后期奶牛DMI,对泌乳性能和营养物表观消化率有显著促进作用。     

快速公交与城市交通的可持续发展

给出快速公交的规划原则和主干线的选取原则,包括它与轨道交通和常规公交的整合。根据哈尔滨的交通现状,分析哈尔滨建设快速公交的必要性和可行性。根据BRT的规划原则和路线选取原则及哈尔滨城市规划和发展,对哈尔滨快速公交专线进行初步的规划设计,并采用分步建设、逐步升级的策略实现哈尔滨快速公交系统化,以解决哈尔滨交通拥挤堵塞问题,使交通流更顺畅。     

中国自然科学论文作者的简要统计分析

通过对作者群的学科分布、机构分布、地区分布、高产、高影响作者群分布的统计,分析了中国科研队伍发表论文的现状。得出结论为：中国作者群的学科分布不均匀,尤其是高产作者群,以国际论文的高产作者群为例,主要分布在化学、物理、生物和工业技术等学科。作者群的地区分布不均衡,特别是地域广大、跨13个省（市）的大西北论文作者数,SCI论文数的比例仅为13.8%,国内论文的比例仅为19.6%。中国4/5的高产作者群分布在高等学校。     

In vitro antioxidant properties and phenolic composition of Salvia virgata Jacq. from Turkey

Antioxidant activities and phenolic compositions of the active fractions of Salvia virgata Jacq. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey were examined. The aerial part of S. virgata was extracted with different solvents in an order of increasing polarity such as hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and 50% aqueous methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus. Water extract was also prepared from S. virgata by reflux. All solvent fractions were investigated for their total phenolic contents, total flavonoids, flavonols, qualitative-quantitative compositions (by HPLC-PDA analysis), iron(III) reductive activities, free radical scavenging activities (using DPPH*), and effect upon linoleic acid peroxidation activities; also, the peroxidation level was determined by the TBA method. The results of activity tests given as IC50 values were estimated from nonlinear algorithm and compared with standards, viz., butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbic acid, and gallic acid. Polar fractions were found to be more active for free radical activity whereas nonpolar fractions protected the peroxidation of linoleic acid. Rosmarinic acid was the most abundant component in the extracts, followed by caffeic acid and lutelin-7- O-glycoside.     

ArcGIS在林地年度变更调查成果与森林资源普查成果转换中的应用

为保证林地数据真实性、准确性和时效性,降低林地年度变更及森林图斑复位调查数据配发工作量,在2016年度林地变更调查成果和贵州省第四次森林资源普查成果基础上,利用ArcGIS建模技术和Python语言完成小班图形边界衔接、数据结构和代码之间的转换工作,实现了全省林地变更调查期初数据配发以及森林资源图斑复位调查数据配发,较常规数据处理方法效率有一定地提高,为其它数据之间的转换提供可借鉴的经验。     

Biostimulation as a process aiding tebuconazole degradation in soil

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare effects of two biostimulating substances (compost and bird droppings) on the proliferation of microorganisms, enzymatic activity, and resistance of spring barley in soil exposed to tebuconazole fungicide. Both biostimulating substances were also assessed for their efficacy in tebuconazole degradation in soil.

Materials and methods

A pot vegetation experiment was performed with soil belonging to the Eutric Cambisols to test the effect of tebuconazole on the biological activity of soil. Its adverse effect on the biological properties of soil was minimized through the use of biostimulating substances (compost and bird droppings), the effect of which was expressed with the IF_C/BD index. The RCh index was used to determine the effect of tebuconazole on the proliferation of soil microorganisms and enzymes, the BA₂₁ index was used to express soil fertility based on the activity of soil enzymes, whereas the RS index—to express the resistance of spring barley to the administered doses of tebuconazole. Finally, analyses were conducted to determine the efficacy of soil amendment with biostimulating substances in tebuconazole degradation.

Results and discussion

Study results demonstrate that tebuconazole caused significant changes in the proliferation of the tested groups of microorganisms, in the activity of soil enzymes, and in spring barley yield. It was especially noticeable in pots in which the soil was exposed to its highest dose, i.e., 2.499 mg kg^?1. Soil supplementation with bird droppings had a positive effect on the development of soil microorganisms and on the enzymatic activity in the soil. In turn, compost addition to soil exerted various effects on the biological properties of soil. Both biostimulating substances failed to improve spring barley yield. Tebuconazole degradation was more intense in the soil fertilized with bird droppings than with compost.

Conclusions

Results of this study suggest that tebuconazole can affect the stability and health status of soil ecosystems by modifying their biological properties. The high sensitivity of soil microorganisms and enzymes to stress conditions makes them reliable environmental bioindicators. The strive for eliminating the adverse impact of fungicides on soil microbiome through the use of appropriate remediation methods, like, e.g., biostimulation, is of greater concern from the ecological perspective.

     

附红细胞体感染小鼠Th17细胞的表达

为分析附红细胞体感染后Th17细胞所发挥的免疫功能。采用RT-PCR及荧光抗体双标的方法检测小鼠脾脏IL-17的表达变化,结果显示,小鼠感染附红细胞体后,IL-17表达水平显著增高,提示Th17细胞在附红细胞体感染后发挥了重要的免疫作用,为该病的临床诊断、治疗及预防提供了理论依据。     

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Sorbents in the Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Zinc

Zinc exerts negative effects on soil and contributing to the degradation of soil ecosystems. New solutions for restoring healthy soil activity are therefore needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sorbents in the biological remediation of soil contaminated with zinc. A pot experiment was conducted on loamy sand. The tested plant was maize (Zea mays). Soil was contaminated with zinc chloride doses of 0, 100, 300, and 900 mg Zn²⁺ kg^?1 DM soil (dry matter of soil). Alginate, biochar, sepiolite, calcined halloysite, and a molecular sieve were added to soil in amounts corresponding to 2.5% of soil weight to minimize zinc’s potentially toxic effects on the biological properties of soil. The application of zinc stimulated the proliferation of all analyzed microbial groups. Zinc exerted negative effects on the ecophysiological diversity (EP) of fungi and the activity of dehydrogenases, catalase, and acid phosphatase. The applied sorbents modified the microbiological and biochemical properties of soil. In zinc-contaminated soil, alginate, biochar, and molecular sieve increased the counts of organotrophic, oligotrophic, and actinobacteria. Sorbents were not highly effective in promoting fungal growth and exerted varied effects on the activity of soil enzymes. The molecular sieve stimulated the activity of all soil enzymes, excluding β-glucosidase. Alginate minimized the negative influence of zinc on dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase, and biochar—on catalase, sepiolite, and calcined halloysite —on acid phosphatase. By modifying the biological properties of soil, the tested sorbents contributed to an increase in maize yields and a decrease in zinc uptake by maize plants.