A microscopical research on the incompatibility in the crossRhododendron impeditum × R. Williamsianum

Summary A microscopical investigation has been carried out to find the causes of the failure of the species cross between scaled and unscaled Rhododendrons species. It was found that pollen germination on the stigma and pollen tube growth in the style proceed normally, but that difficulties occur when the pollen tubes reach the ovary. A small number of pollen tubes enters an ovule, but only in a few cases is seed setting effected (2–4 seeds per fruit). The majority of the tubes do not reach an ovule; the tubes have often thickened tips or, when they continue growth, they start to coil without penetrating into an ovule.Samenvatting Kruisingen tussen geschubde en ongeschubde rhododendronsoorten, een microscopisch onderzoek Door middel van een microscopisch onderzoek is nagegaan waarom de kruisingen tussen geschubde en ongeschubde rhododendronsoorten mislukken.Gebleken is dat de kieming van de stuifmeelkorrels op de stempel evenals de groei van de pollenbuizen in de stijl normaal verlopen, maar dat de moeilijkheden optreden, wanneer de pollenbuizen het vruchtbeginsel bereiken. Een gering aantal pollenbuizen dringt in een zaadknop, hetgeen slechts in enkele gevallen (2–4 zaden per vrucht) tot zaadvorming leidt. Het merendeel blijft steken vóór de zaadknop; het buiseinde is vaak verdikt of er vormt zich een kluwen van de doorgegroeide maar niet in de zaadknop binnendringende pollenbuis.     

西藏野生油菜和栽培油菜遗传多样性的ＡＦＬＰ分析

采用２４对ＡＦＬＰ随机引物组合,对供试的１４份西藏栽培油菜、２９份野生油菜（分为白菜型和芥菜型）的 遗传多样性进行了比较研究。结果表明：１）在供试的西藏油菜中,野生种多态性为６４．２２％,栽培种多态性为 ５４．１３％。２）野生种的遗传离散度为８４．３０％,遗传分化系数为４．８％,基因流Ｎｍ为１４．８４;栽培种的遗传离散度为 ７５．４４％,遗传分化系数为１６．３０％,基因流Ｎｍ为２．５７。３）通过ＵＰＧＭＡ聚类分析,可将供试的西藏油菜分为白菜 型油菜（Ⅰ大类群）和芥菜型油菜（Ⅱ大类群）两大类群,在每一类群中,野生油菜和栽培油菜明显地聚为不同的两 类。这一研究结果首次发现,西藏油菜野生种的遗传多态性明显高于栽培种,野生种较栽培种具有更高的遗传离 散度、基因流Ｎｍ值和较低的遗传分化系数。     

营造林矢量数据重叠问题处理流程研究

为检查贵州省各县级林业主管部门上交的2014和2017年度营造林矢量数据库中存在的小班重叠问题,利用ArcGIS软件中的相交、空间连接、属性表运算等工具,对营造林矢量数据进行图形检查、删除多余记录、重叠认定及面积平差等一系列处理,精准查找出工程重复地块,并计算出重叠的上报面积,减轻省级核查内业处理工作量,为县级林业主管部门进行整改提供数据支撑。     

Impact of restricting feed and probiotic supplementation on growth performance,mortality and carcass traits of meat‐type quails

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of quantitative feed restriction, along with dietary supplementation with a probiotic blend (Protexin) as a natural growth promoter, on the performance, water consumption, mortality rate and carcass traits of meat‐type quails. A total of 250 1‐day unsexed quails were randomly allocated to five equal groups in a completely randomized design. The first group (A) fed a basal diet without any restriction (24 hr/day); the second group (B1) fed the basal diet for 20 hr/day; the third group (B2) fed the basal diet enriched with probiotic (0.1 g/kg diet) for 20 hr/day; the fourth group (C1) fed the basal diet for 16 hr/day; and the fifth group (C2) fed the basal diet enriched with probiotic (0.1 g/kg diet) for 16 hr/day. Birds were fed ad‐libitum from 0–14 days of age, and then the feed restriction regimes started from 14 till 28 days of age. Results showed that quails in the control‐group consumed more feed and water than the other treatment groups (p < .01), however their body weights did not differ (p > .05) compared with the other treated groups. The best feed conversion values were achieved in quails supplemented with probiotic blend (B2 and C2) in comparison with the other groups (p < .01). Feeding probiotic had a positive effect on bird health which reduced the mortality rate. Further, mortality rate was significantly reduced (p < .05) by feed restriction, with or without probiotic supplementation. No carcass parameters were significantly affected (p > .05) by treatments. Our results show that quail could be reared under a feed restriction system, for 4–8 hr daily, along with dietary supplementation of probiotic as growth promoter for better growth performance.     

Abortogenic viruses in horses

Viral causes of abortion include equine viral arteritis (EVA) and infection with equine herpesviruses‐1 and ‐4 (EHV‐1 and EHV‐4). Transmission of equine arteritis virus (EAV) occurs through respiratory, venereal or transplacental routes. Horizontal respiratory transmission of EAV results from exposure to infective nasopharyngeal secretions from acutely infected horses. For this transmission to occur, direct and close contact between horses is necessary. Venereal infection is an efficient method of transmission, with seroconversion of 85 to 100% of seronegative mares bred to virus shedding stallions. Asymptomatic carrier stallions are the essential natural reservoir of equine arteritis virus. Equine herpesviruses‐1 and ‐4 infect a susceptible host, replicate and establish a lifelong latent infection without any associated clinical signs. Reactivation of latent infections can result from factors such as stress and intercurrent disease. The control of these diseases is by implementation of appropriate management and hygiene measures, supplemented by vaccination and, in the case of EVA, by the identification of persistently infected stallions, which can be removed from breeding or continue to be bred to if managed under controlled conditions to prevent the risk of an outbreak of the disease.     

Recovery of dermatophytes in pet grooming tools from veterinary clinics and pet grooming salons

Objectives : Fomites such as brushes and clippers are known to be potential risk factors for the transmission of dermatophytes between pet animals. The aim of this study was to investigate this risk by examining those grooming implements for the presence of any viable dermatophytes. Methods : For this purpose, samples from 235 pieces of grooming equipments and swab samples from the surface of the 14 grooming tables were taken from 41 veterinary clinics and 3 pet grooming salons. Results : Trichophyton tonsurans was isolated from two clipper blades from one veterinary clinic and Microsporum canis were isolated from three clipper blades and one toothbrush from another clinic. Clinical Significance : This study shows that current disinfection protocols and grooming procedures of the veterinary clinics and pet grooming salons appear to be adequate.     

Live weights at slaughter significantly affect the meat quality and flavor components of pork meat

One‐hundred‐twenty crossbred pigs finished at 175–185 days of age were used to investigate the effects of live weights at slaughter on the meat quality, volatile flavor compounds, and sensory attributes of pork meat. Based on the live weights at slaughter, three weight groups (n = 36 per group) were classified as follows: light weight (LW: 100 kg), medium weight (MW: 110 kg), and heavy weight (HW: 120 kg). After slaughter, longissimus dorsi muscle samples were taken and used for the analyses of aforementioned parameters. The HW group had higher fat content and water holding capacity compared to the LW or MW group (p < 0.05). The HW group also showed higher levels for majority of unsaturated fatty acids and total polyunsaturated fatty acids than the LW group (p < 0.05). The slaughter weight significantly affected the amounts of 11 among the 47 flavor compounds identified. Significantly higher amounts of fatty acids oxidation‐derived flavor compounds (aldehydes) were found in the HW group than in the other groups. Noticeably, increasing slaughter weight was associated with higher sensorial scores for flavor, juiciness, and acceptance scores (p < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, 120 kg body weight is recommended as the market weight for this commercial breed without compromising the meat quality.     

猪MAPK12基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

目的克隆新的猪MAPK12基因全长ORF,分析其生物特性,为进一步研究该酶的功能提供信息资料。方法:以已报道的人及小鼠MAPK12基因cDNA序列为依据,利用电脑克隆策略获得的ESTs设计引物,RT-PCR技术扩增新的猪MAPK12基因ORF序列,将PCR产物直接进行序列测定。分析此蛋白的特性并预测其结构。结果分离的ORF全长1101bp,编码367个氨基酸,与人鼠氨基酸序列92%同源;利用生物信息学软件分析出此蛋白的理化特性并预测了其一级、二级和高级结构。结论研究分离的基因片段可命名为猪ERK6,通过分析,获取了该酶的基本信息特征,并与现有的报道结果进行对比分析,为进一步开展猪MAPK12基因的结构功能、表达调控的相关研究奠定了基础。     

纳豆激酶产品研究现状及其进展

纳豆是大豆经纳豆菌发酵而形成一种产品,内含纳豆激酶,对溶解血栓具有很好的效果。对纳豆激酶的不同测定方法进行了综述,同时比较了纳豆激酶不同测定方法之间的差异,对纳豆激酶生产的现状进行了归纳,并提出未来纳豆激酶产品的开发思路。     

土鸡和笼养鸡的鸡蛋成分对比分析

分别测定36个笼养鸡蛋和36个土鸡蛋的物理性状和化学成分,结果表明,土鸡蛋的蛋黄比例、蛋黄颜色、蛋白高度、蛋壳中磷含量和8种必需氨基酸总含量分别比笼养鸡蛋高23.09%、54.1%、17.57%、88.89%和11.34%;土鸡蛋的蛋壳强度更高;而部分微量元素的含量差别不明显。结果显示出土鸡蛋的营养价值比笼养鸡蛋高。