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61.
    
理解作物产量差（YG）的空间分布对提高作物产量至关重要。目前的研究通常集中在站点尺度上;当扩展到域尺度上可能会导致相当大的不确定性。为了解决这一问题;本研究采用基于改进北方生态系统生产力模拟器（BEPS）的遥感驱动过程冬小麦作物产量模型（PRYM-Wheat）;模拟了2015-2019年华北平原冬小麦的产量差。通过统计产量数据进行产量验证;表明PRYM-Wheat模型在模拟冬小麦实际产量（Ya）方面具有良好的性能。研究区Ya的分布差异较大;由东南向西北呈下降趋势。遥感估算结果表明;研究区域的平均YG为6400.6 kg ha。江苏省YG产量最大;为7307.4 kg ha。安徽YG最小;为5842.1 kg ha。通过分析YG对环境因素的响应;发现YG与降水之间没有明显的相关性;而YG与累积温度之间存在较弱的负相关关系;此外;YG与海拔升高呈正相关。总的来说;研究作物产量差（YG）可以为今后提高作物产量提供方向。  相似文献   
62.
    
准确估算区域尺度冬小麦产量对掌握粮食生产情况和保证国家粮食安全十分重要。但目前精确的水资源和区域灌溉信息难以获取;基于遥感模拟区域尺度冬小麦产量的年际和空间变化仍存在较大误差。为此;本研究以中国冬小麦主产区华北平原（NCP）为研究区;发展基于灌溉模式参数（IPPs;即灌溉频率和灌溉时期）近似估计冬小麦灌溉信息的新方法;并将其耦合到一个新发展的遥感过程模型（PRYM–Wheat）;以更准确模拟NCP冬小麦产量。本研究使用NCP各县市参考年份（2010–2015）的统计产量确定IPPs的最优值;然后在站点和区域尺度验证耦合了最优IPPs的PRYM–Wheat模拟冬小麦的精度。结果显示;耦合了最优IPPs的PRYM–Wheat模拟参考年份冬小麦产量的相关系数R提升了0.15（37%）;均方根误差RMSE减少了0.90 t/hm相似文献   
63.
    
Alkali stress can cause severe crop damage and reduce production. However, physiological processes involved in alkali stress in oat seedlings are not well understood. In this study, physiological responses and yield of oat to alkali stress were studied using the alkali-tolerant oat genotype Vao-9 and the alkali-sensitive oat genotype Baiyan 5. The results were: (i) low concentrations of alkali stress (25 and 50 mmol L-1) significantly reduced the yield and grain weight while increased the oat grain number per spike. A negative correlation between yield and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at the jointing and grain filling stages and positive correlations between yield on one hand and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities on the other at the jointing stage were observed. There was a positive correlation between MDA and soluble sugar at the grain filling stage; (ii) soluble sugar content was increased at the jointing and grain filling stages and decreased at the heading stage by alkali stress; (iii) alkali stress increased the SOD activity during the heading and grain filling stages, and increased the POD activity at the heading stage. As compared to the control, the increase of MDA contents in alkali-treated oat was observed, during the jointing, heading and grain filling stages; (iv) under alkali stress, the oat genotype Vao-9 showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower soluble sugar contents during the heading stage, and lower MDA contents than those in the oat genotype Baiyan 5 under alkali stress. The result suggested that the high ROS scavenging capacity and soluble sugar levels might play roles in oat response to alkali stress. Abstract Alkali stress can cause severe crop damage and reduce production. However, physiological processes involved in alkali stress in oat seedlings are not well understood. In this study, physiological responses and yield of oat to alkali stress were studied using the alkali-tolerant oat genotype Vao-9 and the alkali-sensitive oat genotype Baiyan 5. The results were: (i) low concentrations of alkali stress (25 and 50 mmol L-1) significantly reduced the yield and grain weight while increased the oat grain number per spike. A negative correlation between yield and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at the jointing and grain filling stages and positive correlations between yield on one hand and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities on the other at the jointing stage were observed. There was a positive correlation between MDA and soluble sugar at the grain filling stage; (ii) soluble sugar content was increased at the jointing and grain filling stages and decreased at the heading stage by alkali stress; (iii) alkali stress increased the SOD activity during the heading and grain filling stages, and increased the POD activity at the heading stage. As compared to the control, the increase of MDA contents in alkali-treated oat was observed, during the jointing, heading and grain filling stages; (iv) under alkali stress, the oat genotype Vao-9 showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower soluble sugar contents during the heading stage, and lower MDA contents than those in the oat genotype Baiyan 5 under alkali stress. The result suggested that the high ROS scavenging capacity and soluble sugar levels might play roles in oat response to alkali stress.
CO3 and NaHCO3. When compared with the normally grown controls, stressed plants produced fewer new leaves, and had shorter roots and shoots and lower fresh and dry weights after 15 d of exposure to alkaline conditions. Their root/shoot ratios were also reduced, indicating that the roots had been severely damaged. For all stressed rootstocks, electrolyte leakage (EL) and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased while levels of chlorophyll decreased. Changes in root activity (up or down), as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were rootstock-dependent, possibly reflecting their differences in alkali tolerance. Using alkali injury index (AI), adversity resistance coefficients (ARC), cluster analysis, and evaluation of their physiological responses, we classified these 17 genotypes into three groups: (1) high tolerance: Hubeihaitang, Wushanbianyehaitang, Laoshanhaitang Ls2, Xiaojinbianyehaitang, and Fupingqiuzi; (2) moderate tolerance: Pingyitiancha, Laoshanhaitang Ls3, Hubeihaitang A1, Deqinhaitang, Balenghaitang, Maoshandingzi, Shandingzi, and Xinjiangyepingguo; or (3) low tolerance: Pingdinghaitang, Hongsanyehaitang, Xiaojinhaitang, and Sanyehaitang. These results will significantly contribute to the selection of the most suitable materials for rootstocks with desired levels of tolerance to alkali stress. Keywords: alkali stress apple rootstock alkali tolerance >
Received: 24 November 2015 >>Accepted: > Fund: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401830), the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (QN2011006), and the Talent Special Fund of Northwest A&F University, China (Z111020904). The authors sincerely thank Sha Guangli (Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Science, China) for providing seeds and Guan Qingmei (College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, China) for modifying this article.  相似文献   
64.
    
In this study,four genotypes(Acva-1,Acva-2,Acva-3 and ZM-2) of Actinidia germplasm resources were grown in different NaCl concentrations(0,0.4,0.8 and 1.2 g L–1).The growth,physiological and biochemical indicators were measured,and a graded scale was developed as the salt damage index(SDI) according to different damage symptoms in leaves.The results showed SDI increased gradually,and average number and length of new shoot decreased significantly.Three antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase) and two osmotic adjustment substances(soluble sugar and proline) showed different changes in old and new leaves of four genotypes.SPAD values exhibited a decreased trend in the whole except in the new leaves of Acva-2.Malonaldehyde contents increased and root activity decreased with the increasing salt concentrations.Principal component analysis was used to assess the salt tolerance,and the results showed Acva-3,from Actinidia valvata Dunn.,had the strongest tolerance to salt,and could be a potential resistant resource to the salt-tolerance dedicated rootstock breeding of kiwifruit.  相似文献   
65.
根据棉花气象服务的特点 ,结合棉铃虫防治的要求 ,建成了陕西省关中棉区棉铃虫预报信息服务业务系统 ,它具有预报服务和咨询服务两大功能 ,提高了棉花气象系列化综合服务的水平。  相似文献   
66.
[目的]分析分月扇舟蛾颗粒体病毒蛋白基因的序列.[方法]针对分月扇舟蛾颗粒体病毒granulin基因进行PCR扩增,分析其核苷酸组成和氨基酸序列.[结果]测序得到498 bp的核苷酸序列片断,GC含量47.9％,AT含量52.1％.该基因蛋白序列等电点为5.42,分子量1.981 9×104 Da.蛋白质的二级结构主要由α螺旋(38.55％)、β折叠(18.07％)、β转角(10.24％)和无规卷曲(33.13％)组成,其中,α螺旋为主要结构.[结论]分月扇舟蛾颗粒体蛋白基因与杨扇舟蛾的相似性最高,亲缘关系最近.  相似文献   
67.
施磷水平对不同基因型花生种子发芽期耐寒能力的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以3种基因型(耐寒型、中间型和敏感型)共10份花生种子为材料,于6个浓度梯度的过磷酸钙溶液(0浓度为对照)浸泡进行发芽试验,以露白率,发芽率及相对发芽率为指标,研究了在常温(25℃)浸种与低温(2℃)浸种下不同基因型花生种质发芽能力。结果表明:在种子吸胀萌发期,25℃/72h平均露白率由高到低为P2P3P4P1P5P0;2℃/72h平均露白率由高到低P4P2P5P3P1P0,无论常温浸种还是低温浸种,72h露白率都高于对照水平。3种基因型的10份花生种质25℃/120h发芽率明显高于2℃/120h发芽率,经低温处理后,耐寒型种质(S8,B1,Y4)和中间型种质(E4,Q2)发芽率高于中间型种质(H56)和敏感型种质(H33,J11,J19,J4),且敏感型种质随磷浓度的增高种子的发芽率随之增高。通过露白率与发芽率的相关性分析发现,针对不同基因型可以增施不同浓度的磷肥来提高花生种子发芽期的耐寒能力,耐寒型种质以P3最明显,中间型种质以P2最明显,敏感型种质以P5最明显。  相似文献   
68.
首先研究了稻水象甲在不同水稻品种上的产卵量.选用13个水稻品种,分别在各供试水稻品种上饲养稻水象甲成虫50d,经对产卵量调查数据进行分析表明,在不同水稻品种上稻水象甲的产卵量存在极显著差异(F=14.527,df=12,104,p＜0.0001),不同水稻品种对稻水象甲产卵量有极显著的影响.其次,研究了叶片化学成分含量与稻水象甲产卵量的关系.测定13个水稻品种叶片的还原糖、总糖、含水量、可溶性白质、非可溶性蛋白质、总蛋白质、总酚、类黄酮及17种游离氨基酸的含量.结果表明:供试水稻品种间叶片可溶性蛋白质含量差异极显著(F=18.312,df=12,26,p＜0.0001).稻水象甲成虫取食后产卵量存在极显著差异的3个品种辽粳294、IR16和T03在叶片可溶性蛋白质含量上也存在着极显著差异,表现为水稻叶片可溶性蛋白质含量越高,稻水象甲成虫取食该品种后的产卵量越多.  相似文献   
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