猪萎缩性鼻炎巴氏杆菌灭活混合苗免疫程序的优化

为探索最佳的猪萎缩性鼻炎免疫防控程序,本实验采用鼻甲骨形态学(鼻甲骨周长比:TPR)测定的方法对猪AR巴氏杆菌灭活混合苗(猪克鼻)免疫效果进行评价,试验应用猪克鼻对试验组采用不同的免疫程序,A组:母猪于产前6周及2周各接种一个剂量的猪克鼻;B组:母猪产前6周及2周、所产仔猪3周龄各接种一个剂量的猪克鼻;同时设对照组(不接种疫苗)。在自然感染条件下,各组所产仔猪试验结果表明:A组有36.36%的仔猪鼻甲骨正常,63.64%轻度萎缩;B组有9.10%的仔猪鼻甲骨正常,90.90%比较正常;对照组有9.10%的仔猪轻度萎缩,72.70%为中度萎缩,18.20%中重度萎缩。对两种免疫程序的效果进行分析,结果表明,B组免疫的效果最佳,保护率高,猪的平均日增重最高,料重肉比下降,生产性能显著提高,值得在生产实践中推广应用。     

Antimicrobial activity of a bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP‐28) against methicillin‐susceptible and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus

A bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP‐28) is a member of the cathelicidin family which is included in the innate immune system of mammals. Recently, there have been many studies about antimicrobial peptides. This study aims to clarify whether BMAP‐28 has bactericidal activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and compares its activity against methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. We found that the peptide was effective in killing MRSA (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range; 5–20 µg/mL). It was also revealed that MSSA (MIC range; 1.25–20 µg/mL) had two levels of susceptibility to BMAP‐28. We also examined the effect of BMAP‐28 on bacterial shape to visually show its activity. After exposure to the peptide, both MSSA and MRSA cells showed the morphological changes on their surfaces. Our results indicate that BMAP‐28 is a promising candidate for medicine against drug‐resistant bacteria.     

Association of toll‐like receptor 2 polymorphisms with somatic cell score in Xinjiang Brown cattle

This study aims to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the TLR2 gene, and analyze the association of SNPs or haplotypes and somatic cell scores in 151 Xinjiang Brown cattle and 138 Holsteins to evaluate the role of TLR2 during intramammary infections. TLR2 coding region was amplified by PCR and screened for SNP sequencing. Genotypes and frequencies of SNPs were identified. Finally, the associations of genotypes or haplotypes and somatic cell scores (SCS) were analyzed. The results showed that: (i) 15 SNPs (E+653, E+945, E+978, E+1010, E+1250, E+1688, E+1707, E+1779, E+1782, E+1891, E+1995, E+2025, E+2055, E+2214 and E+2295) were observed and detected from 289 cows; (ii) distribution of the 14 SNPs were significantly different from Xinjiang Brown cattle and Holstein (P < 0.001) except for the E+945 (P > 0.05); (iii) in 11 SNPs (E+945, E+978, E+1010, E+1688, E+1707, E+1779, E+1782, E+1995, E+2025, E+2055 and E+2214), the SCS of AB genotype was lower than AA (P < 0.05) in Xinjiang Brown cattle; and (iv) haplotypes composed of the above‐mentioned 11 SNPs were constructed. The SCS of cattle with Hap5 was lower than that of Hap3 (P < 0.05). This suggests that Hap5 might play an important role in sub‐mastitis resistance in Xinjiang Brown cattle.     

吉林省蜂业可持续发展的探讨

分析了吉林省蜜蜂饲养存在的主要问题,针对蜂种、蜂产品生产、蜜蜂疾病等实际情况,对吉林省蜂业可持续发展的道路进行了探讨,提出建立蜜蜂病敌害防治体系,加大政策扶持力度,大力推广良种良法饲养,宣传规模化、集约化、标准化养蜂,加强蜂业与农业、林业及生态旅游业等方面的合作,为生态省建设服务。     

荒漠草原区“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜丰产试验

试验对“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜进行不同的水肥耦合处理,并在不同生物期对其进行了生物量观测.试验结果表明,410 g丰产素与水以1∶1 000体积比混合喷洒200 L、浇水8000L的条件下,“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜的产量可以大幅度提高,播种后第3年其干草产量可由天然条件下的2 460 kg/hm2提高到5 430 kg/hm2.     

全光喷雾扦插育苗技术在张掖市林业生产中的应用研究

文章介绍了全光照喷雾育苗技术的原理及扦插育苗特点,分析了全光照喷雾育苗技术在张掖市林业生产中的问题,提出了在林业生产中全光照喷雾育苗技术的注意事项,介绍了张掖市利用全光照喷雾育苗技术取得的成效。     

锡林浩特市城防林的配置模式及其效益研究

对锡林浩特市城防林的配置模式和其所具有的生态、社会和经济效益进行了初步的研究。结果表明:不同林带对不同高度层的风速降低作用差异很大。灌木树种主要以降低近地层风速为主,对高层风速影响相对较小。与对照相比,城防林带中,无论是从植物种的多样性还是单位面积植物地上部分的生物产量均有很大的变化。     

日本饲用高粱夏播试验及营养价值分析

从日本引进饲用高粱（Sorghum bicolor）种子,在甘肃省榆中县进行了夏播试验,对其生物学特性及适应性进行观测,并对其生长120 d后的草产量及牧草营养成分进行分析。结果表明,日本饲用高粱具有抗旱、抗寒、生长茂盛的优点,能适应榆中县的气候、土质、水肥条件;农田生长120 d后,鲜草产量达184.50 t·hm-2,干物质产量达43.46 t·hm-2,高于本地普通高梁成熟期产量。其全株主要营养成分与本地成熟期收获的普通高粱接近,总能约为本地高粱的2倍;与在日本种植至成熟期收获的全株营养成分相比,粗蛋白含量高59.91%,无氮浸出物含量高15.91%,粗纤维含量低20.14%,粗脂肪含量低72.52%。总体分析,日本饲用高梁是一种适应性强、产量高、营养价值高的饲料作物,适合在榆中县种植。     

地毯草耐盐浓度梯度筛选与临界盐浓度研究

以地毯草(Axonopus compressus)为对象,利用水培法进行耐盐鉴定,初步研究不同盐浓度对地毯草坪用品质、叶色和枯黄率的影响,并对地毯草耐盐性进行了评价。结果表明,不同的处理之间存在显著或极显著性差异,在低浓度处理下（0～120 mmol·L-1）,叶色和坪用品质得分6分以上;而在高浓度处理下（140～180 mmol·L-1）,景观价值低于6分。叶片枯黄率与之正好相反,在低浓度下（0～140 mmol·L-1）,枯黄率较低;而在高浓度下（160～180 mmol·L-1）,枯黄率超过50%,从而导致地毯草草坪观赏价值过低。通过建立回归方程,以枯黄率50%作为确定存活的临界值指标,求得地毯草具有盐半致死临界浓度为141 mmol·L-1。     

秦川牛瘤胃微生物DNA提取方法的比较试验

[目的]本试验的目的是优化秦川牛瘤胃微生物DNA提取方法。[方法]针对秦川牛特有的生理及生物学特性,采取珠磨法、反复冻融法、液氮研磨法、超声波法提取微生物DNA,并获得一种提取秦川牛瘤胃胃微生物DNA的最佳方法。[结果]珠磨法、反复冻融法提取的DNA片段较完整,DNA含量较高。[结论]珠磨法和反复冻融法是较科学的提取方法。