丝兰属植物提取物降低鸡舍氨气浓度的效果试验

通过在21日龄的肉用仔鸡饲料中添加丝兰属植物提取物(其有效成分为丝兰皂角苷)，研究丝兰属植物提取物对降低鸡舍中氨气浓度和提高肉仔鸡生产性能的效果。试验结果表明，试验组鸡舍内氨气平均浓度为4．75mg／L，对照组鸡舍内氨气平均浓度为13．80mgl／L，试验组比对照组鸡舍内氨气平均浓度降低了9．05mg／L，经t检验，两鸡舍内氨气平均浓度差异显著(P＜0．05)，并且试验组比对照组饲料报酬提高了8.92％。     

草酸青霉菌果胶酶诱导黄瓜抗黑星病研究

 本文就草酸青霉菌(Penicillium oxalicum)的固态发酵提取产物--果胶酶粗酶液诱导黄瓜对黑星病(Cladosporium cucumerinum)的抗性进行了研究。以果胶酶粗酶液喷雾处理4个感黑星病黄瓜品种的黄化苗,48 h后挑战接种黑星病菌孢子悬液,其中"中农5号"黄瓜品种表现的诱导抗病效果最好,诱抗效果达62.51%。不同浓度果胶酶诱导处理黄瓜,发现果胶酶浓度在20 U/mL时,可导致黄瓜发病略高于对照;在40~200 U/mL浓度范围内,诱导效果较为明显。通过研究果胶酶诱导抗病的时效性,表明诱导处理前接种病菌或诱导处理后0、6 h接种的各处理病情指数与对照间没有差别,而诱导处理12~72 h后接种病菌的,果胶酶的诱导抗病效果均很明显,诱抗效果达29.64%~60.02%。实验还表明,随着挑战接种压力的增大,果胶酶的诱导抗病效果降低。果胶酶不能抑制黑星病菌孢子萌发,相反可以促进孢子萌发和芽管生长。     

Model establishment and biological behaviour observation of mouse blastocyst co-cultured with hepatocarcinoma cell lines with differently invasive and metastatic potential in vitro

AIM: To explore interaction and biological behaviour changes of two kinds of cells-blastocysts and hepatocarcinoma cells in the same microenvironment. METHODS:The models of mouse blastocysts co-cultured with human hepatocarcinoma cell lines were established, then biological behaviours and mutual effects of the two kinds of cells in co-culture system were observed. RESULTS: Compared with control group, hepatocarcinoma cells with differently invasive and metastatic potential significantly enhanced the rates of blastocyst hatchment , attachment and outgrowth(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in those among hepatocarcinoma cells co-cultured groups (P＞0.05). The blastocyst hatched and attached to hepatocarcinoma cells with differently invasive and metastatic potential. Then, differential trophoblasts invaded hepatocarcinoma cells. The clear-cut interfaces were gradually formed between both sides. Hepatocarcinoma cells on interface showed changes of growth direction and cell shapes and did not invade blastocysts. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatocarcinoma cells promoted blastocyst development. Blastocysts implanted and invaded hepatocarcinoma cells with differently invasive and metastatic potential in vitro, which indicate that blastocyst implantation in vitro does not relate with the kinds and differential level of interactional cells and the low selectivity maybe relate with high adaptability of early life.     

胡杨内生真菌曲霉(Aspergillus sp.)链格孢(Alternaria sp.)的生理特性

采用接种法 ,对胡杨内生真菌曲霉 ( Aspergillus sp.)和链格孢 ( Alternaria sp.)在不同温度、p H、碳源、氮源、培养基及糖质量浓度下进行了生理实验研究。结果表明 :温度对两种菌株的生长和孢子产生具有明显的影响 ;曲霉 ( Aspergillus sp.) p H5～ 6时生长良好 ,而链格孢 ( Alternaria sp.) p H为 4～ 5时菌株生长良好 ,两种菌株均以蔗糖为主要碳源 ;菌丝干质量与培养基质量浓度呈正向关系。     

专家系统在植保上的应用

专家系统在植保上主要应用于病虫害诊断、预测预报、决策管理等领域。植保专家的特点是应用范围广、实用性增强、新技术和新方法不断应用、有向综合性系统发展的趋势。文中还对植保专家系统存在的问题和发展对策进行了讨论。     

The mechanism of apoptosis induced by homoharringtonine in HL-60 cells

AIM: To study the signal transduction pathway of apoptosis initiation induced by homoharringtonine in HL-60 cells. METHODS: After establishing the model of apoptosis initiation induced by homoharringtonine in HL-60 cells, at the point of apoptosis initiation, molecular caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and Fas/FasL were measured with flow cytometry and transmission electron microscope. ERK2 and P38 expression in HL-60 cells were detected by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The model of apoptosis initiation induced by homoharringtonine was established in HL-60 cells. At the point of apoptosis initiation, upregulation of caspase-3 and decrease in Bcl-2/Bax were observed. However, the expression of Fas/FasL did not significantly change. ERK2 expression decreased and P38 expression increased. CONCLUSIONS: Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways were involved in signal transduction of apoptosis initiation induced by homoharringtonine in HL-60 cells.     

西北内陆河流域水资源利用的生态经济研究

水资源是西北内陆河流域生态环境建设和经济社会发展的控制因素,是进行各类基础设施建设的前提条件.利用生态经济学中的生态经济协调发展理论和可持续发展的思想,从生态、社会和经济3个方面对水资源开发利用的可持续性进行综合评价,找到水资源生态系统和社会经济系统的平衡点,达到生态和经济平衡,实现水资源的可持续利用.     

2种组胺受体拮抗剂对低温诱发的肉鸡肺动脉高压的影响

为探讨组胺H1受体拮抗剂扑尔敏和H2受体拮抗剂西咪替丁对低温诱发的肉鸡肺动脉高压的影响,并由此推测组胺在低温诱发的肉鸡肺动脉高压形成过程中的作用。140只17日龄AA肉鸡随机分为4组。(1)常温组:40只在常温条件下饲养(22～23℃),每日注射生理盐水2次;(2)低温组:40只在低温环境中饲养(9～11℃),每日注射生理盐水2次;(3)扑尔敏组:40只在低温环境中饲养(9～11℃),每日注射扑尔敏2次;(4)西咪替丁组:20只在低温环境中饲养(9～11℃),于24日龄至38日龄期间每日注射西咪替丁2次。分别于低温处理后1周(24日龄)、2周(31日龄)、3周(38日龄)、4周(45日龄)从常温组,低温组,扑尔敏组中各随机抽取10只,西咪替丁组在低温处理后2周(31日龄)、3周(38日龄)各随机抽取10只,称取体重,然后利用右心导管法测定肺动脉压(PAP),并测定红细胞压积(PCV),腹水心脏指数(AHI)。结果发现:(1)24日龄、31日龄、38日龄时,低温组肺动脉收缩压,舒张压显著高于(P<0105)或极显著高于(P<0101)同日龄常温组。24日龄时扑尔敏组肺动脉收缩压显著低于(P<0105)同日龄低温组。38日龄时西咪替丁组肺动脉收缩压,舒张压极显著低于(P<0101)同日龄低温组。(2)24日龄、31日龄、38日龄、45日龄时,低温组PCV极显著高于(P<0101)同日龄常温组。24日龄时扑尔敏组     

BQ123对低温诱发的肉鸡肺血管重塑的影响

动态观察了肺小动脉中膜平滑肌的增殖及管腔面积的改变,探讨内皮素受体拮抗剂BQ123 对低温诱发的肉鸡肺血管重塑的影响。200只16日龄AA肉鸡随机均分为4组: 常温(20 ℃)对照组、低温(7~9 ℃)组、低温低剂量BQ123组和低温高剂量BQ123组。23日龄、30日龄时测定肺动脉压,并取肺组织做石蜡切片, 以Weigert间苯二酚复红染色,形态学计算机图象分析法测定肺细小动脉外径和内径、管总面积和管腔面积,计算中膜厚度占外径百分值(%)mMTPA及管壁面积/管总面积WA/TA(%)。结果显示:(1)BQ123 抑制低温肉鸡平均肺动脉压的升高,23日龄时低温高剂量BQ123组显著低于低温组(P<0 05),30 日龄时低温低剂量BQ123 组和低温高剂量BQ123组均极显著低于低温组(P<0 01);(2)BQ123 抑制低温肉鸡肺小动脉WA/TA(%)的升高,30~50μm的肺小动脉,低温组极显著高于低温低剂量BQ123 组及低温高剂量BQ123 组(P<0 01),其它分级的肺小动脉组间差异性与此类似;(3) BQ123抑制低温肉鸡肺小动脉的mMTPA的升高,30~50μm的肺小动脉,23日龄时低温组极显著高于低温低剂量BQ123 组和低温高剂量BQ123 组(P< 0 01), 30 日龄时低温组显著高于低温低剂量BQ123组(P<0 05)、极显著高于低温高剂量BQ123组(P<0 01),30μm以下的肺小动脉组间差异性与此类似,50~120μm