High-Frequency Jet Ventilation in Anesthetized, Paralyzed Dogs and Cats Via Transtracheal and and Endotracheal Tube Routes

The ability of the SAV 6 high-frequency jet ventilator to effectively ventilate three anesthetized, paralyzed cats (3.2–4.2 kg), two small dogs (7.2 and 10.0 kg), six medium-sized dogs (20.5–25.0 kg), and three large dogs (36.0–43.0 kg) via a 14-gauge (dogs) or a 16-gauge (cats) catheter placed percutaneously into the trachea via the cricothyroid membrane or into a preplaced endotracheal tube was evaluated. The lowest driving pressure within the range of 0.25 to 2.0 kg/cm² (1 kg/cm²= 14.2 psi) and the highest cycle rate within the range of 60 to 240 per minute that would generate a PaCO₂ of 30 ± 3 mm Hg were determined.
All animals could be ventilated to a PaC0₂ of 30 ± 3 mm Hg by the endotracheal tube and transtracheal route, except the largest dogs, which couid be ventilated to an average PaC0₂ of 36 mm Hg by the transtracheal route. The transtracheal route consistently required higher driving pressures and lower cycle rates than did the endotracheal tube route. Cats could be ventilated with a driving pressure of 0.25 kg/cm²; small dogs could be ventilated with 0.5 to 1.0 kg/cm₂; medium-sized dogs with 1.0 to 1.5 kg/cm²; and large dogs with 1.5 to 2.0 kg/cm².
The SAV 6 high-frequency jet ventilator can effectively ventilate cats and dogs (7.2–43.0 kg) via a transtracheal catheter and an endotracheal tube.     

大棚环境因子与苜蓿再生速度及产草量的灰色关联度分析

在温室大棚条件下对不同苜蓿(Medicago L.)品种的再生速度、产草量与环境因子进行了灰色关联度分析。结果表明:影响苜蓿再生速度和产草量的主要环境因子是温度,室温与所有苜蓿品种产草量的关联度都是第1位的。刈割留茬高度为5cm时苜蓿品种的再生速度与室温的关联度较高;留茬8cm和10cm时与环境因子的关联度没有明显的规律。     

Feline Ilial Fractures: A Prospective Study of Dorsal Plating and Comparison with Lateral Plating

Objective— To (1) report a technique for repair of feline ilial fractures using a dorsally applied bone plate and (2) compare outcome with cats treated by a lateral plate.
Study Design— Prospective study.
Animals— Cats (n=10) with iliac fractures.
Methods— Cats with ilial fractures (January 2005–December 2006) were treated by application of a dorsally applied bone plate. Immediate postoperative radiographs were compared with those taken 4–6 weeks later to assess screw loosening, screw purchase, and pelvic canal narrowing. Owners were contacted for medium-term (>3 month) follow-up. Data were compared with a report of outcome after lateral plating (LP) in 21 cats.
Results— Mean (± SD) screw purchase (89 ± 11 mm) was significantly greater ( P <.01) with a dorsal plate compared with a lateral plate (33 ± 8 mm). Significantly more screws ( P <.01) were used with a dorsal plate (median, 7) compared with a lateral plate (median, 6). Significantly less postoperative pelvic canal narrowing developed in the dorsal plating group between postoperative and 4–6-week follow-up radiography compared with the LP group (2% versus 15%, P <.01).
Conclusion— Dorsal plating of feline ilial fractures results in significantly less screw loosening and pelvic canal narrowing at 4–6 weeks after surgery compared with LP.
Clinical Relevance— Dorsal plating of feline iliac fractures may reduce complications associated with pelvic canal narrowing such as constipation and megacolon.     

若干引进牧草品种的适应性研究

对美国引进的6个牧草种、21个品种进行了适应性和产量比较试验,结果表明:苇状羊茅Festuca arundinacea和冰草Agropyron cristatum的干草总产量较高,其中,苇状羊茅品种Cajun的总产量最高;紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa的干草总产量居于中等水平,在参试的紫花苜蓿品种中,WL323的干草总产量最高;无芒雀麦的产量最低.苇状羊茅、冰草和紫花苜蓿在北京及其周边地区有很好的适应性和推广价值.     

Meniscal Mineralization in Domestic Cats

Objective: To (1) determine prevalence of radiographically detectable meniscal mineralization in domestic cats and (2) to evaluate the association between meniscal mineralization and degenerative joint disease (DJD). Study Design: Prospective study. Animals: Client‐owned cats (n=100) and 30 feline cadavers. Methods: Randomly selected client‐owned cats were used to determine the prevalence of meniscal mineralization. Stifles from feline cadavers were used to evaluate the relationship between meniscal mineralization (using high‐resolution X‐ray), radiographic DJD, and cartilage damage. Menisci were evaluated histologically. Results: Forty‐six percent of the client‐owned cats had meniscal mineralization detected in 1 or both stifles. Pain scores were not significantly different between stifles with meniscal mineralization and those with no radiographic pathology (P=.38). Thirty‐four of 57 cadaver stifles had meniscal mineralization, which was always located in the cranial horn of the medial meniscus. Percentage mineralization of the menisci was significantly correlated with the cartilage damage score of the medial femoral (r²=0.6; P<.0001) and tibial (r²=0.5; P<.0001) condyles as well as with the total joint cartilage damage (r²=0.36; P<.0001) score and DJD score (r²=0.8; P<.0001). Conclusion: Meniscal mineralization is a common condition in domestic cats and seems to indicate medial compartment DJD. Clinical Relevance: Clinical significance of meniscal mineralization is uncertain. Further work is needed to determine if the meniscal mineralization is a cause, or a consequence of joint degeneration.     

Estriolum Treatment in the Bitch: A Risk for Uterine Infection?

Purulent vaginal discharge in a bitch in which ovariohysterectomy has been performed is often caused by inflammation of the uterine stump. The inflammation is due to either cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) induced primarily by progesterone from remnant ovarian tissue or exogenous progestagens, or it is due to the presence of unabsorbed suture material. This report describes a 9-year-old Irish setter with hemopurulent vaginal discharge and non-pruritic symmetrical alopecia, which had undergone ovariohysterectomy 3.5 years ago and which had been treated with estriolum daily for the past 2.5 years because of urinary incontinence. Vaginoscopy revealed hemopurulent discharge throughout the vagina and vestibule. Cytological examination of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies of a large mass in the hypogastricum, which appeared to be the uterine cervical stump, revealed septic purulent inflammation. The concentration of plasma progesterone was low and the concentration of plasma 17-ß oestradiol did not increase after gonadotrophin-releasing hormone administration. No remnant ovarian tissue was found by abdominal ultrasonography, laparotomy, or histological examination of mesovarian pedicles. Laparotomy revealed uterine stump empyema. Histological examination of the surgically removed mass excluded both CEH and unabsorbed suture material as the cause of the stump empyema. Instead, it is hypothesized that the long-term treatment with estriolum was a causative factor. This suggests that bitches treated with estriolum should be examined regularly.     

我国西部地区水电开发问题探讨

水能资源是我国西部地区的优势资源，由于历史和政策的原因，开发利用程度相对较低，资源优势没有形成产业优势。在分析西部水能资源分布特点和开发现状的基础上，结合西部大开发和西电东送战略，提出目前水电产业存在的市场、政策和资金方面问题，探讨了加快西部水电开发的对策和建议。     

松嫩草原羊草与其主要伴生种竞争与共存研究

基于对松嫩草原优势物种羊草(Leymus chi-nensis)及其主要伴生种的空间分布格局、植物种间关系对割草的响应,以及羊草、芦苇(Phragmites communis)对营养和胁迫的适应性与种间关系的研究,探讨了植物竞争和共存的潜在机制。