Probing the Local Effects of Magnetic Impurities on Superconductivity

The local effects of isolated magnetic adatoms on the electronic properties of the surface of a superconductor were studied with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. Tunneling spectra obtained near magnetic adsorbates reveal the presence of excitations within the superconductor's energy gap that can be detected over a few atomic diameters around the impurity at the surface. These excitations are locally asymmetric with respect to tunneling of electrons and holes. A model calculation based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations can be used to understand the details of the local tunneling spectra.     

保水剂施用方式对土壤酶活性及马铃薯产量的影响

【目的】研究不同保水剂施用方式对内蒙古西部半干旱偏旱地区土壤酶活性及马铃薯产量的影响,以筛选出合适的保水剂及施用方式。【方法】以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和聚丙烯酸钾(PAA-K)为材料,设不施保水剂(CK)、穴施PAM、沟施PAM、穴施PAA-K、沟施PAA-K 5个处理,分析不同保水剂及其施用方式下马铃薯不同生育时期、不同土层土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性和产量的变化。【结果】土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性随马铃薯生育时期的推进呈现"单峰"曲线变化,均于马铃薯块茎膨大期达峰值。与CK相比,施用保水剂处理均能提高土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性,且对于同一种保水剂,穴施处理提高幅度大于沟施处理。在马铃薯块茎膨大期,穴施PAM、穴施PAA-K、沟施PAM、沟施PAA-K处理0~10cm土层的土壤过氧化氢酶活性较对照分别提高了12.92%,11.97%,9.06%和6.02%,土壤脲酶活性较对照分别提高了12.38%,2.33%,0.86%和0.31%,土壤蔗糖酶活性较对照分别提高了22.99%,17.03%,20.50%和18.34%,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性随土层的增加逐渐降低。与CK相比,施用保水剂显著提高了马铃薯产量和商品薯率,降低了小薯率。穴施PAM、穴施PAA-K、沟施PAM、沟施PAA-K分别较对照增产12.08%,10.45%,7.37%和5.22%。【结论】施用保水剂PAM、PAA-K均提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性及马铃薯产量和商品薯率,降低了小薯率,其中穴施PAM效果最好。     

猪ERK6基因编码区的克隆及组织表达谱分析

利用RT-PCR方法扩增了猪ERK6基因编码区的序列，将扩增产物与pMD18-T载体连接，构建了重组质粒；重组质粒经PCR、酶切鉴定后进行测序；采用Northern杂交和半定量RT-PCR方法在猪不同部位骨骼肌中分析了ERK6基因转录本的个数、大小及组织表达谱。结果显示，所克隆的猪ERK6基因片段长1113bp，含有1个1104bp的开放阅读框（ORF），该ORF编码367个氨基酸；该基因与已报道的人ERK6基因核苷酸序列相似性为90％；猪ERK6基因在肌肉组织中只有一个转录本，大小约1．5kb。此基因在骨骼肌中的表达量最高，心、子宫次之，卵巢最低；而在脂肪、胃、肝、脾、肺、肾、十二指肠和胰腺中未见表达。结果表明，猪ERK6基因与已报道的小鼠和人ERK6基因一样，主要在骨骼中特异表达。     

胚胎冷冻技术及其在转基因小鼠中的应用

随着生物工程技术的发展,出现了许多生物工程小鼠品系,促使胚胎冷冻技术得到了广泛应用。胚胎冷冻技术不仅为转基因动物提供可用胚胎,还使胚胎移植不受时间、地域限制,简化引种过程,防止疾病传播,为建立优良动物的胚胎库提供了条件。综述了几种常用的胚胎冷冻方法及其在转基因小鼠中的应用研究,指出了胚胎冷冻方法存在的主要问题,并展望了其发展前景。     

不同环境因子对草履虫种群生长的影响

为了研究不同环境因子对草履虫种群生长的影响,培养出优质的草履虫,分别在pH梯度为:6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0,光照梯度为:0lx、500lx、1 000lx、1 500lx条件下培养草履虫,结果表明,小白菜培养液培养草履虫的最适pH值为7.0,并且相比于弱酸性环境,草履虫更适宜在弱碱性环境中生长。在光照为0lx条件下,草履虫数量在第4天时达到最大值4 073ind/100mL,在光照为500~1 500lx条件下,随着光照度的增加,草履虫的种群数量也随之增加。     

若干引进牧草品种的适应性研究

对美国引进的6个牧草种、21个品种进行了适应性和产量比较试验,结果表明:苇状羊茅Festuca arundinacea和冰草Agropyron cristatum的干草总产量较高,其中,苇状羊茅品种Cajun的总产量最高;紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa的干草总产量居于中等水平,在参试的紫花苜蓿品种中,WL323的干草总产量最高;无芒雀麦的产量最低.苇状羊茅、冰草和紫花苜蓿在北京及其周边地区有很好的适应性和推广价值.     

High-Frequency Jet Ventilation in Anesthetized, Paralyzed Dogs and Cats Via Transtracheal and and Endotracheal Tube Routes

The ability of the SAV 6 high-frequency jet ventilator to effectively ventilate three anesthetized, paralyzed cats (3.2–4.2 kg), two small dogs (7.2 and 10.0 kg), six medium-sized dogs (20.5–25.0 kg), and three large dogs (36.0–43.0 kg) via a 14-gauge (dogs) or a 16-gauge (cats) catheter placed percutaneously into the trachea via the cricothyroid membrane or into a preplaced endotracheal tube was evaluated. The lowest driving pressure within the range of 0.25 to 2.0 kg/cm² (1 kg/cm²= 14.2 psi) and the highest cycle rate within the range of 60 to 240 per minute that would generate a PaCO₂ of 30 ± 3 mm Hg were determined.
All animals could be ventilated to a PaC0₂ of 30 ± 3 mm Hg by the endotracheal tube and transtracheal route, except the largest dogs, which couid be ventilated to an average PaC0₂ of 36 mm Hg by the transtracheal route. The transtracheal route consistently required higher driving pressures and lower cycle rates than did the endotracheal tube route. Cats could be ventilated with a driving pressure of 0.25 kg/cm²; small dogs could be ventilated with 0.5 to 1.0 kg/cm₂; medium-sized dogs with 1.0 to 1.5 kg/cm²; and large dogs with 1.5 to 2.0 kg/cm².
The SAV 6 high-frequency jet ventilator can effectively ventilate cats and dogs (7.2–43.0 kg) via a transtracheal catheter and an endotracheal tube.