牛支原体单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

以牛支原体(Mycoplasma bovis)湖北分离株HB0801作为抗原免疫8周龄BALB/c小鼠,利用杂交瘤技术筛选出了6株能稳定分泌抗牛支原体的单克隆抗体细胞株,分别生产腹水并对单抗进行了纯化和特性鉴定。经亚型测定,这些单抗都属IgG类。腹水ELISA效价在1×10⁵~1.6×10⁶。ELISA特异性分析结果表明,6株单抗与临床分离的牛支原体菌株以及ATCC标准株PG45都显阳性反应,但与牛的其他常见病原菌如多杀性巴氏杆菌、化脓隐秘杆菌等都显阴性反应。所有制备的单抗都与无乳支原体有交叉反应,其中两株单抗1A5和1C11只与无乳支原体有交叉反应,与其他支原体无交叉反应。经Western blotting验证,6株单抗分别识别牛支原体全菌蛋白中的不同条带,说明分别针对不同的蛋白抗原。这些牛支原体单克隆抗体为后期建立牛支原体检测方法及致病机理研究奠定了良好基础。     

丹江口库区麦套稻适宜施肥量及养分利用率研究

为探讨丹江口库区麦套稻新型耕作方式的适宜施肥量,采用“3414”肥效试验方案研究了氮、磷、钾施肥对水稻产量、生产效益和养分利用的影响.结果表明,麦套稻系统水稻产量的形成主要决定于单位面积穗数和穗总粒数;氮磷钾合理施肥可显著提高产量,在N、P2O5和K2O施用量分别为168.0、75.0、90.0 kg/hm2时产量最高...     

大棚环境因子与苜蓿再生速度及产草量的灰色关联度分析

在温室大棚条件下对不同苜蓿(Medicago L.)品种的再生速度、产草量与环境因子进行了灰色关联度分析。结果表明:影响苜蓿再生速度和产草量的主要环境因子是温度,室温与所有苜蓿品种产草量的关联度都是第1位的。刈割留茬高度为5cm时苜蓿品种的再生速度与室温的关联度较高;留茬8cm和10cm时与环境因子的关联度没有明显的规律。     

Auswirkungen des Herbizids Basta® auf die Weinrebe und den Falschen Mehltau

A field experiment was conducted in order to analyse the effects of the herbicide Basta^® with glufosinate-ammonium as the active ingredient (that inhibits specifically the enzyme glutamine-synthetase) on the grapevine plant and the infestation with Plasmopara viticola, the downy mildew pathogen. The herbicide was applied at sublethal concentrations and the toxic effects on leaves and berries based on different quality parameters were estimated. Low concentrations of glufosinate-ammonium (<?0,625?mM) did not affect the chlorophyll and amino acid concentrations in leaves. This was also the case for the content of salicylic acid and phenolic compounds. Furthermore, must parameters such as sugars (glucose and fructose), acids (tartaric acid, malic acid, total acids and volatile acids), and alcohol (ethanol and glycerine) also remained unchanged compared to the fungicide-treated or untreated control, whereas the concentrations of nitrogenous components metabolically available to yeasts increased with increasing concentrations of glufosinate-ammonium. The amount of berries harvested at the end of the experiment depended on the glufosinate-ammonium concentration applied. The harvest was highest when glufosinate-ammonium was applied as a 0.1?mM solution and differed not significantly from the fungicide-treated control, but decreased with increasing herbicide doses. However, the infestation of leaves with P. viticola was significantly reduced by the application of the herbicide, even though not each infection was eradicated due to the non-systemic mode of action of the herbicide. The particular influence of the herbicide onto this host-parasite interaction still remains unclear. Since applications of glufosinate-ammonium at low concentrations seem not to affect grapevine plants negatively, but were able to reduce the infestation with downy mildew, the specific mode of action may reveal new alternatives for the control of fungal pathogens.     

猪圆环病毒2型Taqman探针法实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）是一种引起仔猪Sus scrofa多系统衰竭综合征、免疫抑制、皮肤肾病综合征等疾病的病原体。根据GenBank中PCV2 ORF1基因序列设计合成特异性引物和探针,以PCV2基因组DNA为模板,通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增目的片段,并将目的片段克隆至pMD18-T载体,构建阳性标准品。以阳性标准品为模板,优化荧光定量PCR反应条件,建立标准曲线,进行灵敏性、重复性和特异性验证,并应用此方法对临床样品进行检测。结果表明:阳性质粒标准品构建成功,该检测方法的引物与探针的最佳浓度皆为0.2 μmol·L-1,线性检测范围为2.1×1013~2.1×106拷贝·L-1,最低检测限值为8.828×106拷贝·L-1,且与其他相关疾病无交叉反应;各批次检测变异系数低,检测方法稳定性好。本研究建立的敏感性高、特异性好的实时荧光定量PCR方法,为PCV2的快速检测提供了新工具。     

马胃蝇蛆病流行病学研究进展

马胃蝇蛆病是由马胃蝇幼虫寄生于马属动物胃肠道内所引起的一种慢性消耗性寄生虫病,导致宿主高度贫血、消瘦、中毒,严重时衰竭死亡。该病呈世界性分布,不同国家因地理位置、气候环境不同及是否广泛使用驱虫药,呈现出不同的流行规律。在中国主要流行于东北、西北及内蒙古等地,流行6种马胃蝇,以肠胃蝇、红尾胃蝇为优势虫种。文章主要对近些年国内外马胃蝇蛆病感染情况进行描述,总结流行规律,提出研究方向,以期为该病的防制提供参考。     

保水剂施用方式对土壤酶活性及马铃薯产量的影响

【目的】研究不同保水剂施用方式对内蒙古西部半干旱偏旱地区土壤酶活性及马铃薯产量的影响,以筛选出合适的保水剂及施用方式。【方法】以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和聚丙烯酸钾(PAA-K)为材料,设不施保水剂(CK)、穴施PAM、沟施PAM、穴施PAA-K、沟施PAA-K 5个处理,分析不同保水剂及其施用方式下马铃薯不同生育时期、不同土层土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性和产量的变化。【结果】土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性随马铃薯生育时期的推进呈现"单峰"曲线变化,均于马铃薯块茎膨大期达峰值。与CK相比,施用保水剂处理均能提高土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性,且对于同一种保水剂,穴施处理提高幅度大于沟施处理。在马铃薯块茎膨大期,穴施PAM、穴施PAA-K、沟施PAM、沟施PAA-K处理0~10cm土层的土壤过氧化氢酶活性较对照分别提高了12.92%,11.97%,9.06%和6.02%,土壤脲酶活性较对照分别提高了12.38%,2.33%,0.86%和0.31%,土壤蔗糖酶活性较对照分别提高了22.99%,17.03%,20.50%和18.34%,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性随土层的增加逐渐降低。与CK相比,施用保水剂显著提高了马铃薯产量和商品薯率,降低了小薯率。穴施PAM、穴施PAA-K、沟施PAM、沟施PAA-K分别较对照增产12.08%,10.45%,7.37%和5.22%。【结论】施用保水剂PAM、PAA-K均提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性及马铃薯产量和商品薯率,降低了小薯率,其中穴施PAM效果最好。     

山羊卵母细胞体外成熟因素的研究

建立和优化山羊卵母细胞体外成熟的培养体系,对山羊卵母细胞的采集方法、割卵液种类、培养液添加血清种类等因素进行了研究.结果显示切剖法与抽吸法对山羊卵母细胞的成熟有显著差异(P<0.05);割卵液DMEM/F-12与PBS+BSA对山羊卵母细胞的成熟有极显著差异(P<0.01);添加EGS(自然发情)、EGS(PG诱导发情)、FBS对山羊卵母细胞的成熟有极显著差异(P<0.01).结论:切剖法能更好地支持卵母细胞的成熟;DMEM/F-12作为割卵液,能显著提高卵母细胞的成熟率;自然发情的山羊血清对卵母细胞的成熟效果最好,同种血清对卵母细胞的成熟效果要好于异种血清.     

鱼油乳状液的制备及其流变特性研究

采用食品级Span系列乳化剂和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)水溶液经超声乳化制备鱼油乳状液,比较了乳化剂、CMC浓度、油水比、超声乳化次数等工艺参数对鱼油乳液稳定性的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数:鱼油和Span80(质量比9:1)为油相,0.5%CMC溶液为水相,油水比1:2,超声乳化10次(每次超声5 s、间歇5 s).上述条件制备的乳液,静置24 h和3000 r·min-1离心5 min平均相对体积分别为99.78%和98.32%.显微镜下观察形态均一,乳液平均粒径约为5μm.稳态扫描结果表明鱼油乳液呈现典型的剪切变稀流变行为,频率扫描结果表明鱼油乳液具有一定的粘弹性.     

Meniscal Mineralization in Domestic Cats

Objective: To (1) determine prevalence of radiographically detectable meniscal mineralization in domestic cats and (2) to evaluate the association between meniscal mineralization and degenerative joint disease (DJD). Study Design: Prospective study. Animals: Client‐owned cats (n=100) and 30 feline cadavers. Methods: Randomly selected client‐owned cats were used to determine the prevalence of meniscal mineralization. Stifles from feline cadavers were used to evaluate the relationship between meniscal mineralization (using high‐resolution X‐ray), radiographic DJD, and cartilage damage. Menisci were evaluated histologically. Results: Forty‐six percent of the client‐owned cats had meniscal mineralization detected in 1 or both stifles. Pain scores were not significantly different between stifles with meniscal mineralization and those with no radiographic pathology (P=.38). Thirty‐four of 57 cadaver stifles had meniscal mineralization, which was always located in the cranial horn of the medial meniscus. Percentage mineralization of the menisci was significantly correlated with the cartilage damage score of the medial femoral (r²=0.6; P<.0001) and tibial (r²=0.5; P<.0001) condyles as well as with the total joint cartilage damage (r²=0.36; P<.0001) score and DJD score (r²=0.8; P<.0001). Conclusion: Meniscal mineralization is a common condition in domestic cats and seems to indicate medial compartment DJD. Clinical Relevance: Clinical significance of meniscal mineralization is uncertain. Further work is needed to determine if the meniscal mineralization is a cause, or a consequence of joint degeneration.