DNA testing for type III von Willebrand disease in Dutch Kooiker dogs

Von Willebrand disease type III is widespread in Dutch Kooiker dogs. To eradicate von Willebrand disease from the breed, affected dogs and nonsymptomatic carriers must be excluded from breeding. Previous efforts to detect carriers in Kooiker dogs by a von Willebrand factor antigen assay were not satisfactory because of considerable overlap of plasma concentrations in normal dogs and carriers. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a DNA test for the detection of von Willebrand disease carriers in the Kooiker breed. Two mutations in the von Willebrand factor gene in affected Kooiker dogs have been described previously, a splice site mutation at the border of intron 16 and exon 16 and a missense mutation in exon 3. We have developed polymerase chain reaction tests for both mutations in genomic DNA. The missense mutation most likely is a neutral variant and appears to be a polymorphism present in many breeds. The allele-specific oligonucleotide test for the splice site mutation was applied in the selection of animals cleared to breed by the Dutch breeding club. In a few years, the mutation has been eliminated from the breeding stock without apparent increase of inbreeding or preferential sire usage.     

长毛兔多产毛8法

(一)采用优化杂交组合技术 其一是注意选育优良的兔种,以繁育出大量的优秀后代,从而生产出高质量的皮张。其二是采取系间杂交,国内目前饲养的獭兔主要有美系、德系和法系。从繁殖力来看,以美系獭兔成绩最高,德系最低;从生长速度来看,德系獭兔的生长潜力最大。可以用美系獭兔作为第一代母本,用德系或法系獭兔作为第一代父本进行杂交;再用杂交一代的母兔作为第二代母本,与第二代父本德系獭兔进行杂交,用三元杂交后代直接进行育肥。经大量生产实践证明,其生产效果均优于纯种獭兔繁殖的后代。 (二)要抓好獭兔早期增重 獭兔被毛毛囊的分化与体…     

猪瘟病的诊断与防治

2012年9月在河南省新乡地区延津县村某猪场因猪瘟免疫失败,造成120头猪先后发病。在临床上,部分猪高热稽留、拉稀不止,药物治疗无效。剖检可发现脾脏边缘梗死,心内膜严重出血,喉头和扁桃体出血严重。用间接血凝实验检测猪瘟抗体,确诊为猪瘟。随后对发病的猪肌肉注射20倍量的猪瘟疫苗,同时选用复方双氯芬酸钠对发热猪进行解热镇痛,用药2d,猪群开始好转,用药4d后,猪群基本恢复正常。     

国家奶牛核心育种场建设现状及建议

国家奶牛核心育种场是奶牛育种的重要主体之一。自2018年遴选建设以来,奶牛核心场在种群质量和供种能力上都有一定提升,核心群奶牛年均单产12.7t,年度向公牛站提供后备公牛143头。但调研发现其在牛群、数据、技术、人员和资金等方面也存在一定问题。本文以金山种奶牛场的建设经验为例,为其他育种场建设提供参考,并对今后国家奶牛核心育种场的建设提出了一些建议。     

三江源兴海县草地生态环境变化的气候背景分析

利用青海省三江源区兴海县气象站近47年的气温、降水、冻土等气象资料的变化及其对该地区草地生态环境的影响作了分析。结果表明:近47年来,三江源区兴海县的气温呈明显上升趋势,降水呈不明显的上升趋势,干燥指数呈极不显著的上升趋势,年最大冻土深度明显上升,20世纪90年代以来极端天气事件增多。鼠虫害、牲畜存栏数的不断增加、滥采乱挖和工矿业的迅速发展造成兴海县植被生产力下降、草原退化严重。进入21世纪后,该地区的气候呈暖湿化发展,牧草产量和牧草高度呈上升趋势,提高了草地生产力,为发展畜牧业提供了良好的条件。     

辣木营养价值及在畜禽养殖方面的应用研究进展

辣木(Moringa oleifera)是优质木本蛋白饲料,已广泛应用于家畜、家禽和水产动物饲喂中,在我国传统饲料资源日益紧张的情况下,具有广阔的开发前景。本文综述了辣木的营养成分及其在畜禽和水产动物饲喂中的效果,以期为辣木资源的深入开发利用提供参考。分析得知,辣木含有丰富的矿物质、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素及黄酮、多酚等生物活性物质;其青贮或作为饲料添加饲喂畜禽,不仅能提高畜禽生长速度、缩短出栏时间、降低饲养成本,改善畜禽肉、蛋、奶品质,还可提高畜禽抗氧化能力、改善血液指标、提高机体免疫力。未来辣木资源开发时,需进行不同生态区辣木适应性评价,辣木机械化收获技术研制,辣木饲料精深加工技术研究,不同畜禽饲喂方法、饲料配方和饲喂效果评价,水产养殖中适宜辣木添加量确定等。     

表达RGD和MEL重组沙门氏菌的构建及其对B16细胞凋亡作用的研究

为研究融合表达肿瘤靶向肽(RGD)和蜂毒肽(MEL)双基因重组减毒沙门氏菌对小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞的体外抑瘤作用,本实验将RGD-MEL基因片段克隆至pEGFP-N1载体,将重组载体导入减毒沙门氏菌LH430,构建了重组沙门氏菌LH430/pEGFP-RGD-MEL,经PCR技术、质粒双酶切鉴定后采用阳性重组菌株侵染体外培养的小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞,提取细胞总RNA经反转录后采用PCR检测目的基因RGD-MEL转录情况,western blot检测目的蛋白RGD-MEL以及凋亡蛋白Caspase-3、Bcl2、Bax的表达;流式细胞术检测B16细胞凋亡情况。结果显示:导入RGD-MEL基因的减毒沙门氏菌LH430侵染B16细胞后,目的基因RGD-MEL高效表达;经重组菌株侵染的B16细胞凋亡蛋白Caspase-3、Bcl2、Bax表达水平均显著增高(p<0.05);重组沙门氏菌诱导B16细胞的凋亡作用较PBS组显著增强(p<0.05)。本研究为细胞穿膜肽和细菌联合治疗肿瘤提供实验支持,并为后续动物试验奠定了研究基础。     

Detection of papillomavirus-DNA in mesenchymal tumour cells and not in the hyperplastic epithelium of feline sarcoids

Abstract We examined 12 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded feline skin tumours which had the histopathological features of fibropapillomas for the presence of papillomavirus (PV) DNA using touchdown polymerase chain recation (PCR), DNA sequencing and nonradioactive in situ hybridization. Nine of the tumours contained a 102-bp PCR product demonstrated using consensus PV primers that amplify a portion of the L1 gene. The nucleotide sequences are closely related, but not identical to that of ovine PV type 2, rabbit oral PV and reindeer PV. The deduced amino acid sequences had strong homologies with the major capsid protein L1 of deer PV, bovine papillomavirus (BPV) 1 and BPV 2, and European elk PV. Although PV antigens were not detected in any of the tumours by immunohistochemistry, PV DNA was demonstrated in individual mesenchymal cells or cell nests of 4/12 tumours by in situ hybridization. A nonproductive infection of mesenchymal fibroblast-like tumour cells with a papillomavirus would explain the lack of PV antigen expression and the absence of PV DNA in the hyperplastic epithelium. Because these tumours and their pathogenesis are similar to equine sarcoids, we suggest that they should be reclassified as 'feline sarcoids' instead of fibropapillomas.