健蒜、多籽蒜和新疆蒜的核型特征

采用压片法对健蒜（Allium robustum）、多籽蒜（A. fetisowii）和新疆蒜（A. roborowskianum）3 种5 居群进行核型分析,结果表明,多籽蒜染色体数为2n = 2x = 20 和2n = 3x = 30,核型分类为2B 类;健蒜和新疆蒜染色体数均为2n = 2x = 16,核型分类均为2A 类。多籽蒜中裕民-塔城居群的核型公式为K（2n）= 2x = 20 = 12m + 7sm + 1st,裕民居群二倍体和三倍体核型公式分别为K（2n）= 2x = 20 = 12m +6sm + 2st 和K（2n）= 3x = 30 = 18m + 6sm + 6st。新疆蒜2 个居群的核型公式都为K（2n）= 2x = 16 = 12m +4sm。健蒜的核型公式为K（2n）= 2x = 16 = 14m + 2sm。健蒜的1 条m 染色体和新疆蒜奇台居群的1 条sm 染色体的短臂上有随体出现。不同种类的染色体相对长度组成存在差异,多籽蒜含L、M2、M1 和S染色体,新疆蒜缺失L 和S 染色体,健蒜缺失L 染色体。多籽蒜种内存在倍性分化,首次发现三倍体。     

Clinical Tolerance and Bronchoscopic Changes Associated With Transtracheal High-Frequency jet Ventilation in Dogs and Cats

Eleven awake dogs and two cats received high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) via a transtracheal catheter for 6 hours to evaluate their clinical tolerance to the technique. A bronchoscopic examination was performed in all animals prior to and the morning of the day after the procedure to determine the gross effects of the technique on the tracheal epithelium.
All animals tolerated the technique well, exhibiting no discomfort and only a minimal amount of coughing. Only one dog exhibited coughing on the day following the procedure. No bronchoscopic changes were noted after HFJV in one dog. In one dog and one cat, the only observed change was an increase in the prominence of the vascularity compared to that observed prior to HFJV. The remaining animals exhibited more severe tracheal changes that included: an accumulation of mucus (seven dogs, one cat), focal spots of hemorrhage (two dogs), linear stretches of epithelial denuding (two dogs), and diffuse reddening and epithelial denuding (four dogs).
High-frequency jet ventilation by a transtracheal intravenous catheter is well tolerated for short-term ventilatory support in dogs and cats, but the magnitude of the tracheal damage observed in the present report may preclude long-term ventilatory support by this tecnique.     

RADIOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATION OF THE RUMINANT UPPER URINARY TRACT BY A DOUBLE CONTRAST TECHNIQUE

The ruminant urinary tract is normally obscured by abdominal viscera, which hampers rediographic investigation by conventional urographic methods. A double contrast technique that uses pneumoperitoneum in conjunction with excretory urography is described. Bolus and infusion urographic techniques were used in sheep and calves. Only the infusion technique was used in cows. The radiographic anatomy of the upper urinary tract in these animals is described. Visualization of the nephrogram and collecting system varied, depending on the method of excretory urography used.     

Alterations in Carbohydrate Metabolism in Canine Lymphoma

Following an overnight fast, blood samples were obtained from 14 dogs with previously untreated lymphoma before and 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes following an intravenous challenge with 500 mg/kg dextrose. Samples were assayed for glucose, lactate, and insulin concentrations and compared statistically with ten control dogs of similar weight and age undergoing an identical dextrose challenge. Dogs with lymphoma had similar glucose tolerance curves when compared with controls. Lactate concentrations were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) at baseline and all time periods of the glucose tolerance test in dogs with lymphoma when compared with controls. Rise in lactate concentrations over baseline levels in the first 30 minutes of the glucose tolerance test were significantly higher in dogs with lymphoma (P = 0.011). Insulin concentrations were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) at baseline and at the 5-, 45-, 60-, and 90-minute time periods of the glucose tolerance test in dogs with lymphoma. Rise in insulin concentrations over baseline in the first 5 minutes of the glucose tolerance test were also significantly greater in dogs with lymphoma (P = 0.021). These results indicate carbohydrate metabolism is altered in dogs with lymphoma. Many of these alterations parallel those observed in human patients suffering from cancer cachexia making canine lymphoma a potential model for further study of the pathogenesis and therapy of cancer cachexia.     

作物生态气候滑移相似离度分析及其应用--以河西走廊酿酒葡萄生态气候适生种植区划为例

作物生态气候滑移相似离度分析方法综合了生物气候滑移相似分析和相似离度分析的优点,使作物生态气候相似分析更为准确。以河西走廊酿酒葡萄生态气候适生种植区划为例对该方法进行了应用验证,发现它能较准确地反映不同酿酒葡萄适生种植区之间热量条件、灌溉条件等的生态气候差异。     

土壤镉对龙牙百合生长过程中生理生化特性的影响

为探究土壤不同含量Cd对龙牙百合生长及其生理生化指标的影响,设置对照（无Cd）、低（0.86 mg·kg^-1）、中（2.16 mg·kg^-1）、高（4.76 mg·kg^-1）Cd含量的盆栽实验进行研究。结果表明：随着土壤Cd含量的增加,龙牙百合植株的生长量和叶片中叶绿素含量呈上升趋势;龙牙百合各部位Cd含量分布为下盘根>叶>地上茎>地下茎>上盘根>鳞茎,各处理下鳞茎Cd含量最低,最安全。在中浓度Cd处理下,百合下盘根的富集能力大于上盘根。土壤Cd浓度增加显著提高了龙牙百合鳞茎向地下茎的转移系数（P<0.05）。百合叶、地上茎、鳞茎和下盘根的丙二醛含量在高浓度Cd处理下分别显著提高了11.72%、11.31%、133.72%和79.37%（P<0.05）,而超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性整体随Cd含量升高呈先上升后下降趋势。研究表明,龙牙百合有较强的耐Cd能力。     

猪乳糖酶基因启动子及增强子的活性研究

采用PCR、TA克隆、构建pGL3.0 Basic荧光素酶报告基因载体并转染Caco-2细胞、Dual-Glo萤光素酶检测系统检测细胞系中荧光信号值的方法分析猪乳糖酶基因不同基因型的启动子与增强子活性。结果表明:GA型启动子和CG型启动子相比差异极显著(P=0.001),CG型启动子能显著促进猪LCT基因表达,而GA型启动子不能促进基因表达。A型增强子,可以使GA型启动子活性显著增强(P<0.05),使CG型启动子活性显著降低(P<0.01);G型增强子对GA型启动子或CG型启动子,均起显著的抑制作用(P<0.01)。猪LCT增强子和启动子多态性位点组合形成的单倍型促进基因表达的作用从高到低顺序为:A型增强子+GA型启动子>A/G型增强子+CG型启动子>G型增强子+GA型启动子。     

肉牛牛支原体肺炎感染的细菌学研究

[目的]牛支原体肺炎是严重危害国内外肉牛养殖业的一种重要疾病,病原混合感染将加剧病情,增加临床治疗难度。本研究通过阐明我国牛支原体肺炎混合感染情况,为探讨更加有效的防控手段提供参考依据。[方法]近4年来采用门诊和出诊的方式,收集了全国范围内35个临床初诊为牛支原体肺炎的牛场病牛样本,进行牛支原体及混合感染细菌的分离和分型鉴定。[结果]确定了这类疾病的细菌学感染特征,表现为牛支原体感染占绝对优势,混合感染模式主要以牛支原体合并多杀性巴氏杆菌A型感染、牛支原体合并和化脓隐秘杆菌感染为主。[结论]经实验室检测证实临床初诊病例绝大部分为牛支原体肺炎,但混合感染很普遍。