苜蓿施用污泥效果的研究Ⅰ对苜蓿生长及元素含量的影响

将兰州市七里河污水处理厂生活污泥施用于人工种植的新疆大叶苜蓿草地，探讨了不同施用量对苜蓿生长及各元素含量的影响。研究结果表明，施用1.0-2.0kg/m^2污泥，苜蓿地上生物量显著增加，第一年增产23％－31％，第二年增产15％－31％。施用污泥苜蓿地上和地下部组织中N，P，Ca,Mg和Mn的含量总体呈增加趋势，Fe含量显著增加，而K和重金属元素Ni、Pb、As和Hg的含量与对照无显著差异，Zn和Cu的积累增多，但地上部组织中重金属元素均未超过植物中的平均含量，施用污泥未对新疆大叶苜蓿造成重金属污染。     

The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (VI): IgE-induced immediate and late-phase reactions, two inflammatory sequences at sites of intradermal allergen injections.

Intradermal testing is a common diagnostic procedure used in the evaluation of dogs with suspected atopic dermatitis (AD). To do this, most investigators assess the appearance of wheals that develop at the sites of intradermal allergen injections. However, wheals are rarely seen in dogs with naturally occurring AD. Furthermore, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the injection sites can occur 6-24h later, a phenomenon known as the late-phase reaction. The histological appearance of these late-phase reactions closely approximates that seen in the natural disease, suggesting that they might be more relevant than the immediate reactions. In this paper, we review the literature on immediate and late-phase reactions and re-assess the evidence for using current intradermal testing procedures as a diagnostic test in dogs.     

Application of Airway Pressure Therapy in Veterinary Critical Care: Part II: Airway Pressure Therapy

As the specialties of emergency medicine and critical care have grown and evolved in both human and veterinary medicine, so has the need for more advanced care of patients with primary lung disease. Treatment of acute respiratory failure has been the focus of several articles in the human medical literature of the past few years.^1,8 This paper deals with airway pressure therapy and its application in cases of acute respiratory failure in veterinary medicine. The reader is referred to part I of this paper for a reveiw of respiratory mechanics and hypoxemia as they apply to respiratory therapy.     

Compatible measurements of volumetric soil water content using a neutron probe and Diviner 2000 after field calibration

Field calibrations for a neutron probe and a capacitance sensor (Diviner 2000) for measuring the soil water content of a shrinking–swelling clay soil were substantially different from commonly used default values. Using our field calibrations, the two instruments estimated similar changes in the cumulative water content of a soil profile (0–1 m depth) over one growing season.     

Enhancement of resistance of lambs to Haemonchus contortus by previous infection with Ostertagia circumcincta

Two experiments were performed to determine whether previous infection of young lambs with Ostertagia circumcincta increased their resistance to the development of Haemonchus contortus and to explore alterations in the microenvironment of the abomasum related to the interaction. The parasitic infections were monitored with periodic fecal egg counts and by recovery and enumeration of parasites at necropsy of the lambs. Alteration of the microenvironment was examined by measurement of serum gastrin concentrations at critical times during both experiments. The results indicated that the numbers of H contortus were significantly (P less than 0.05) less in lambs which had O circumcincta infections before their exposure to H contortus. There was less reduction in lambs from which O circumcincta was removed (anthelmintic therapy) before their exposure to H contortus. Fecal egg counts also were significantly (P less than 0.05) less in the former group of lambs (exposed to both parasites) than those in lambs exposed only to H contortus. Serum gastrin values were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in lambs infected with O circumcincta and indicated that the interaction observed could be due, in part, to alteration of abomasal pH.     

Effects of stable dust on farm animals--a review

The relationship between air quality--its dust content--and respiratory diseases of animals in the food industry and otherwise is examined. The correlation between dust content and incidence of disease in farm animals is also discussed. Lesions caused either directly or indirectly by dust-transported microorganisms are reviewed. Effects of dust on animal performance are included. This review is an attempt to compile available information on the natural occurrence of stable dust and the possibilities for its measurement and control.     

Osteosarcoma of the distal femur, combined with multiple bone infarcts: the case of a 10-year-old poodle

A ten-year-old female poodle was presented for left hindlimb lameness. Radiographically, irregular intramedullary densities of long bones (bone infarcts) and a lytic lesion in the left distal femur were detected. Two years after the first examination, the lesions in the distal femur were definitely identified as osteosarcoma and the dog was euthanized. Pathological and histological changes of the bone infarcts as well as of the osteosarcoma are described. Regarding bibliographical data, occurrence and aetiopathogenesis of osteosarcoma associated with multifocal bone infarction in man and dog are discussed.     

Hematological parameters and visceral lesions relationships in rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease.

Twenty rabbits were inoculated with a suspension of Viral Hemorrhagic Disease virus. Hemostatic functions were assessed every sixth hour from 6 to 60 hours post-inoculation. Tissue samples obtained at the same intervals allowed the study of the development of lesions throughout the experiment. Biological signs of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) were detected on and after 30 h post-inoculation and consisted of prolonged One Stage Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thrombin Time, the decrease of factors V, VII, and X and high levels of soluble fibrin monomer complexes and D-dimers. A reduction of thrombocyte numbers, heterophils and lymphocytes was associated. The close association of DIC and necrotizing hepatitis lesions suggested the hepatic lesions to be the most important DIC triggering factor. Other mechanisms are discussed.     

Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in feline serum using an agarose gel alkaline phosphatase kit method.

Total serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity is the product of the combined activity of isoenzymes from a number of tissue sources. In this study, a commercially available kit for electrophoretic separation of ALP isoenzymes in an agarose gel was used to separate ALP isoenzymes in feline tissue extracts and serum. Five separate bands of ALP activity were identified. These bands were numbered 1 to 5 with band 1 having the most anodal migration. The tissue of origin corresponding to the migration position of the isoenzymes are as follows: Band 3 was the liver isoenzyme, band 4 was the bone isoenzyme and ALP isoenzymes of both intestine and kidney migrate in the position labelled band 5. Band 1 appears to be related to albumin and does not represent true ALP activity. The tissue source of band 2 (a and b) was not identified. Serum ALP activity of mature, healthy cats is primarily of liver origin. Immature cats (< 1 year of age) have a greater proportion of the bone isoenzyme in the serum.     

Dietary selenate versus selenite for cattle, sheep, and horses.

Food and Drug Administration regulations currently permit addition of .3 mg of Se per kilogram of diet for chickens, turkeys, ducks, swine, sheep, and cattle. However, field reports indicate that this level may not be adequate for ruminants in all situations. Because sodium selenite is the most common supplemental form and is known to be readily absorbed to particles or reduced to insoluble elemental Se or selenides in acid, anaerobic environments, studies were conducted with dairy cattle, sheep, and horses fed sodium selenate to determine whether Se from this source was more bioavailable than Se from sodium selenite. A 2-wk period of no Se supplementation was followed by 49 or 56 d of Se supplementation at .3 mg/kg of dietary DM. Serum Se concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities measured initially and periodically thereafter revealed no difference between Se forms in sheep and horses and only a small (P less than .05) advantage for selenate in supporting serum Se concentration in dairy cattle. Selenium concentrations in skeletal muscle and liver of sheep were not different between Se forms. Serum Se, but not GSHPx, increased with time, and .3 mg of supplemental Se per kilogram of dietary DM from either sodium selenate or sodium selenite supported normal serum Se concentrations in sheep, dairy cattle, and horses.