THE TECHNIQUE OF PERCUTANEOUS ULTRASOUND GUIDED FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY AND AUTOMATED MICROCORE BIOPSY IN SMALL ANIMAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES

Techniques for obtaining percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsies of the gastrointestinal tract were evaluated. The efficacity of ultrasonographic detection of gastrointestinal lesions has been established in veterinary medicine. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsies were performed using either a 22 gauge spinal needle or a 20 gauge Westcott needle. The microcore automated biopsy was performed using a 18 gauge Tru-cut-like needle, assisted by an automated biopsy gun. These techniques are rapid, and easily performed. The techniques were considered safe for the patient, no complications such as hemorrhage, peritonitis or abscessation have occured in our study. These techniques are of particular interest when lesion can not be biopsied successfully by endoscopy and when surgical resection is not recommended.     

西藏地区荞麦与玉米混合青贮对发酵品质和微生物多样性的影响

为探究西藏林芝市全株荞麦与全株玉米混合青贮对青贮饲料发酵品质和微生物多样性的影响,分别设定全株荞麦单独青贮组(A)、全株荞麦∶全株玉米=4∶1混合青贮组(B)、全株荞麦∶全株玉米=3∶2混合青贮组(C)、全株荞麦∶全株玉米=2∶3混合青贮组(D)和全株荞麦∶全株玉米=1∶4混合青贮组(E)共5个处理组。分别在青贮第7、14、30和60天时,开窖取样,测定青贮饲料的发酵品质和微生物菌群结构。结果表明,与全株荞麦单独青贮组相比,全株荞麦与全株玉米混合青贮组在一定程度上改变了青贮的发酵品质,混合青贮组降低了青贮饲料的pH值,提高了乳酸含量,且氨态氮/总氮的值和丁酸含量均符合优质青贮饲料的要求量。从微生物菌群结构来看,混合青贮改变了青贮饲料的菌群结构,相比与全株荞麦单独青贮组,混合青贮组提高了厚壁菌门和LAB菌种的丰度,有效地抑制了腐败菌的生长,且这种效果随着全株玉米混合比例越高而越显著。综合考虑全株荞麦利用最大化和发酵品质,建议将全株荞麦和全株玉米以2∶3混合青贮较为适宜。     

Cryopreservation of Nili‐Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) semen in AndroMed® extender; in vitro and in vivo evaluation

The study was designed to evaluate AndroMed^® for the freezability and fertility of Nili‐Ravi buffalo semen. Semen was collected from four adult Nili‐Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls for 3 weeks (replicate). Semen ejaculates from each buffalo bull were divided into three aliquots. One aliquot was used for evaluation of motility, plasma membrane integrity, livability, viability, DNA integrity and normal apical ridge. Remaining two aliquots were diluted (37°C; 50 × 10⁶ spermatozoa/ml) in tris‐citric egg yolk or AndroMed^® extender and cryopreserved in 0.5 ml French straws. After thawing, per cent post‐thaw motility (47.9 ± 0.8, 49.2 ± 1.7), plasma membrane integrity (44.4 ± 1.2, 46.8 ± 1.8) and normal apical ridge (81.4 ± 0.3, 83.2 ± 0.3) were recorded similar (p > .05) in tris‐citric egg yolk and AndroMed^® extender. Higher (p < .05) percentage of sperm livability (70.5 ± 1.4 and 64.4 ± 1.0), viability (67.5 ± 1.5 and 61.5 ± 0.6) and DNA integrity (97.0 ± 0.3 and 93.4 ± 0.21) were recorded in AndroMed^® compared to tris‐citric egg yolk post‐thaw. Values for all the aforementioned spermatozoal quality parameters were observed lower (p < .05) in frozen‐thawed compared to fresh semen irrespective of the experimental extenders. Fertility rates of buffalo semen did not differ (p > .05) either cryopreserved in tris‐citric egg yolk or AndroMed^® extender (45.5% vs. 49%). It is concluded that AndroMed^® is capable in protecting the buffalo bull sperm during freeze‐thawing process and can be adopted safely for routine use replacing the tris‐citric egg yolk extender in artificial insemination programme.     

Extracellular matrix in epitheliochorial,endotheliochorial and haemochorial placentation and its potential application for regenerative medicine

A placenta is defined as structural approximation of maternal and foetal tissues to perform physiological exchange. Associated processes of differentiation and the establishment of its cells take place within the extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides a rich environment of collagens, fibronectins, cytokines and other components. Placental ECM is promising for tissue regeneration purposes, because it has immune tolerance capacities that may cause only minimal rejections of transplants with immunological differences between donor and recipient. However, specific characteristics of ECM during evolution of the structurally very diverse mammalian placenta are not yet revealed. We here address the major aspects of placental types, that is non‐invasive (epitheliochorial), medium (endotheliochorial)‐to‐high (haemochorial) invasive nature of the interhemal barrier between the foetal and maternal blood system as well as their main components of ECM with special reference to species that are commonly used as animal models for human placentation and in the potential applications for regenerative medicine.     

Research Progress on Prevalence of Horse Gastric Myiasis

Horse gastric myiasis is a chronic wasting parasitosis caused by larvae of Gasterophilus spp. parasitics on the gastrointestinal tract of the equids. Horse gastric myiasis leads to host highly anaemic, angular, poisoning even death. This disease is distributes all over the world, each country has a slightly different epidemic law, because of different geographical position and climatic environment, and whether using insect repellent or not. Our country is mainly popular in the Northeast, Northwest and Inner Mongolia, which of 6 kinds of popular horse Gastrophilus, and the dominant species are G. intestinalis and G. nasalis. In this paper,the author described the infections of horse gastric myiasis at home and abroad in recent years, summarized epidemic law and put forward the research direction, so as to provide reference for the disease prevention and control.     

异育银鲫呼肠孤病毒的分离与鉴定

【目的】发现异育银鲫Carassius auratus gibelio新病原,为其病害防控提供理论基础。【方法】从吉林省某养殖场采集异育银鲫出血病疑似病样,对其进行细菌分离及寄生虫观察、鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型的PCR检测和人工感染试验,然后用感染滤液接种鲤上皮瘤细胞(EPC),并对其进行电镜观察。对病毒基因组进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析、RT-PCR鉴定及序列测定。【结果】发病异育银鲫无细菌及寄生虫感染,鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型的PCR检测无特异性条带,将过滤后的患病鱼组织滤液感染健康异育银鲫,7 d内死亡率高达86.7%。盲传4代后出现明显的细胞病变。负染后电镜下可观察到病毒粒子,直径约70 nm,病毒颗粒近球形,无囊膜结构,初步判断为呼肠孤病毒(暂命名JL-4)。SDS-PAGE结果揭示,JL-4基因组由11条dsRNA组成,呈现水生呼肠孤病毒基因组典型特征。将RT-PCR扩增产物的序列进行聚类分析,结果显示,JL-4与呼肠孤病毒HZ08株S6序列相似性高达99%,证明该分离株为呼肠孤病毒。【结论】从患病异育银鲫中分离到1株呼肠孤病毒。     

不同苜蓿品种种子发芽对盐胁迫的响应

[目的]针对内蒙古西部地区草地土壤盐碱化,选择盐碱土壤的主要成分NaCl和Na_2SO_4配成混合盐溶液进行室内发芽试验,筛选适合当地种植的耐盐苜蓿品种,为内蒙古西部盐碱草场的苜蓿种植提供理论依据。[方法]将NaCl和Na_2SO_4按摩尔浓度1∶1,用蒸馏水配成含盐量0.0%,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%,1.2%,1.4%,1.6%,1.8%,2.0%共11个梯度盐溶液,对25个苜蓿品种进行发芽试验,测定种子发芽率、相对发芽指数、种子相对简易活力指数,进行耐盐类型的划分。[结果]轻度盐分胁迫(0.2%和0.4%盐浓度)促进了苜蓿种子发芽,提高了种子的发芽率、相对发芽指数、种子相对简易活力指数;不同苜蓿品种间种子发芽的适宜盐浓度、半致死浓度、极限浓度差异较大。多数苜蓿品种的种子发芽适宜盐浓度是0.0%~0.6%,半致死盐浓度为0.8%,中草3号高达1.4%;极限盐浓度在1.0%~2.0%。[结论]综合聚类分析和种子发芽指标的表现得出,中草3号、新苜2号品种表现出较强的耐盐性,属于耐盐品种,magnumV-wet、赤草1号耐盐性较差,属盐敏感品种     

火龙果HpNAC1转录因子的特性分析及其对HpCytP450-like1基因的调控

以红肉火龙果(Hylocereus polyrhizus)果实为材料,克隆得到HpNAC1基因,研究该基因的荧光定量、亚细胞定位、转录活性及其对下游靶基因的调控能力,揭示其在火龙果生长发育过程中的分子作用机制。应用预测软件对HpNAC1基因进行生物信息学分析,利用q RT-PCR分析HpNAC1基因在果实发育过程中的表达情况,以农杆菌侵染烟草叶片的方法对HpNAC1基因进行亚细胞定位分析,以双荧光素酶瞬时表达的方法分析HpNAC1基因的转录活性及其对下游靶基因调控能力。结果表明,HpNAC1的ORF全长为846 bp,具有NAC结构域,q RT-PCR检测表明随着果实的生长发育,其表达明显增强;亚细胞定位和转录活性分析显示其是核蛋白,并且具有转录激活活性;双荧光素酶瞬时表达分析显示,HpNAC1转录因子可以激活基因Hp Cyt P450-like1的启动子活性。实验明确了HpNAC1基因的亚细胞定位信息及其在果实发育过程中表达和瞬时表达情况,为进一步研究其功能及分子机制提供依据。      

Simulating hydrological responses to climate change using dynamic and statistical downscaling methods: a case study in the Kaidu River Basin,Xinjiang, China

Climate change may affect water resources by altering various processes in natural ecosystems. Dynamic and statistical downscaling methods are commonly used to assess the impacts of climate change on water resources. Objectively, both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In the present study, we assessed the impacts of climate change on water resources during the future periods (2020-2029 and 2040-2049) in the upper reaches of the Kaidu River Basin, Xinjiang, China, and discussed the uncertainties in the research processes by integrating dynamic and statistical downscaling methods (regional climate models (RCMs) and general circulation modes (GCMs)) and utilizing these outputs. The reference period for this study is 1990-1999. The climate change trend is represented by three bias-corrected RCMs (i.e., Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 3 regional climate model (HadGEM3-RA), Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4), and Seoul National University Meso-scale Model version 5 (SUN-MM5)) and an ensemble of GCMs on the basis of delta change method under two future scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We applied the hydrological SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model which uses the RCMs/GCMs outputs as input to analyze the impacts of climate change on the stream flow and peak flow of the upper reaches of the Kaidu River Basin. The simulation of climate factors under future scenarios indicates that both temperature and precipitation in the study area will increase in the future compared with the reference period, with the largest increase of annual mean temperature and largest percentage increase of mean annual precipitation being of 2.4°C and 38.4%, respectively. Based on the results from bias correction of climate model outputs, we conclude that the accuracy of RCM (regional climate model) simulation is much better for temperature than for precipitation. The percentage increase in precipitation simulated by the three RCMs is generally higher than that simulated by the ensemble of GCMs. As for the changes in seasonal precipitation, RCMs exhibit a large percentage increase in seasonal precipitation in the wet season, while the ensemble of GCMs shows a large percentage increase in the dry season. Most of the hydrological simulations indicate that the total stream flow will decrease in the future due to the increase of evaporation, and the maximum percentage decrease can reach up to 22.3%. The possibility of peak flow increasing in the future is expected to higher than 99%. These results indicate that less water is likely to be available in the upper reaches of the Kaidu River Basin in the future, and that the temporal distribution of flow may become more concentrated.