猪新基因CFL2真核表达载体的构建及在C2C12细胞中的瞬时表达

从猪的股二头肌中提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR技术从猪骨骼肌中获得CFL2基因的编码区序列,T-A克隆至PMD-18T载体,经HindⅢ和XhoⅠ酶切后定向克隆至真核表达载体pCDNA3.1(+)中。获得的重组质粒pCDNA3.1(+)/CFL2用限制性内切酶酶切分析和DNA测序分析鉴定,并经脂质体瞬时转染C2C12细胞,最后利用PCR检测转基因细胞中CFL2基因的存在及其表达情况。结果显示:猪CFL2基因已克隆到真核表达载体pCDNA3.1(+)中,转染的C2C12细胞中检测到细胞内较高量CFL2的表达。pCDNA3.1(+)/CFL2真核表达载体的成功构建,为深入研究CFL2基因在猪肌肉细胞中的功能奠定基础,为猪肉质品质的改良提供了新的思路。     

Factors associated with low vitamin D status of Australian alpacas

Objective To investigate factors associated with low vitamin D status of alpacas at pasture in southern Australia. Design A 2‐year survey of alpacas from two farms in South Australia and three in Victoria. Blood samples were collected from 20 to 30 alpacas on each farm on five occasions each year. Breed, gender, age and fleece colour of animals were recorded. Method Blood samples were assayed for plasma 2.5‐hydroxycholecalciferol (25‐OH D₃) and plasma inorganic phosphorus (Pi). Data sets from 802 animal samples were analysed by multiple regression to determine variables associated with low vitamin D status of alpacas. The relationship between plasma 25‐OH D₃ and plasma Pi was also investigated. Results Vitamin D status was significantly affected by month of sampling, with low values in late winter and high values in summer. Plasma vitamin D concentrations increased with age, were higher in alpacas with light fleeces than in those with dark fleeces and were also higher in the Suri than in the Huacaya breed. Plasma Pi concentrations were generally lower in alpacas with plasma 25‐OH D₃ values < 25 nmol/L. Conclusions Young alpacas with dark fleeces are most at risk from vitamin D insufficiency in late winter in southern Australia. The present study indicates that plasma Pi values are not a reliable indicator of vitamin D status of alpacas as assessed by plasma 25‐OH D₃ concentrations.     

SPLENIC SEQUESTRATION SCINTIGRAPHY IN THE DOG: A COMPARISON OF DENATURING TECHNIQUES

Five mixed-breed dogs underwent splenic sequestration scintigraphy following intravenous injection of 647.5 to 740 MBq (17.5–20 mCi) of ^99mTechnetium labeled autologous red blood cells (RBCs) that had been chemically denatured using two μg of stannous chloride. Left lateral dynamic images were obtained for 20 minutes after injection. Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn around the splenic body and ventral extremity, ventral liver and caudal abdominal great vessels and time activity curves created. Count density information was obtained and uptake ratios were calculated for the spleen ROI/vessel ROI, liver ROI/vessel ROI and spleen ROI/liver ROI at 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after injection. Two additional studies using different RBC denaturing procedures were done in four of the five dogs. In the second study, the stannous chloride level was doubled to 4.0 μg, while in the third study, the RBCs were denatured by addition of 2.0 μg of stannous chloride and heating at 49°C for 15 minutes. Progressive splenic uptake of denatured RBCs was seen in all dogs during the first 15 to 20 minutes of each study, no matter which denaturing technique was utilized. Significant increases in the spleen ROI:/vessel ROI and spleen ROI:liver ROI ratios were obtained at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes when compared to the 1 minute values for each of the labeling techniques. A significant difference was not identified between the three ratios at 15 minutes between the three labeling techniques. There was a trend of increasing values for each ratio where 2.0 μg of stannous chloride technique being the lowest, 4.0 μg of stannous chloride having an intermediate value and the heated technique had the highest values. The heating technique resulted in higher liver activity and increased variability of the mean liver ROI/vessel ROI ratios at all times (1, 2.5, 5,10, and 15 minutes). Using a non-linear least squares regression analysis, a double exponential equation fit the spleen ROI/vessel ROI and spleen ROI/liver ROI ratios for all three labeling techniques. Imaging of the spleen using all three techniques was acceptable, and a persistent blood pool image would allow for vascular imaging and cardiac gated studies 30 minutes after injection of the denatured, labeled autologous red blood cells. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, Vol. 36, No. I, 1995, pp 57–63.     

不同放牧强度下羊草草地三种禾草叶片再生动态研究

运用组织转化的理论与分析方法，对天然羊草草地3种禾草在不同放牧强度下的叶片再生动态进行了比较系统的研究。结果表明，3种禾草在不同再生期间的叶片伸长率、萎蔫率、发生率及枯死率都存在着显著差异（P＜0.05），放牧强度对这些参数的影响一般不显著（P＞0.05）。放牧不利于羊草叶片发生，中等强度放牧促进芦苇和碱茅叶片伸长与发生。     

不同放牧强度下草地植物格局特征的变化

通过人工草地上的放牧试验，研究了奶牛放牧对草地植物黑麦草、鸡脚草和白三叶的种群空间分布格局类型、强度和规模的影响。试验结果表明：（1）放牧条件下草地植物总是倾向于集聚分布，而且放牧强度对植物集聚程度的作用存在差异；（2）总体上，植物平均拥挤的大小顺序为黑麦草〉鸡脚草〉白三叶，集聚参数的顺序与其相同，聚块指数则相反，占据优势的黑麦草更多地受到相邻的鸡脚草与白三叶的作用，体现了较高的拥挤效应，且随放牧强度的增加拥挤效应呈现加强的趋势；（3）家畜对植物格局规模影响明显，高放牧强度下黑麦草始终保持稳定的格局规模；轻度放牧强度下白三叶的格局规模变化很大，区组规模复杂。     

新疆猪、牛、羊弓形虫病的血清学调查

目的为摸清新疆地区家畜弓形虫感染情况。方法作者对新疆乌鲁木齐周边地区的猪、牛和阿勒泰地区的牛、羊随机抽样,采用间接血凝试验(IHA)进行了血清学调查。结果乌鲁木齐周边地区的猪的感染率为66.39%(243/336),牛为31.94%(23/72);阿勒泰地区牛为31.8%(28/88),羊为33.33%(12/36);结论弓形虫在这三种动物中均有相当高的感染率,应引起人们的足够重视,加强防范。     

通辽市果树调查报告

通辽市现有果树总面积１．２４２９万ｈｍ＾２,已结果的占５５％,以苹果和梨占绝对优势。在树种和品种结构及管理上,都存在一些问题,本文对此进行阐述,提出了改进意见。     

草地斑块面积对肉牛采食行为的影响(简报)

家畜采食行为和采食策略是放牧生态学的研究热点之一^[1]。目前有关放牧家畜采食行为、采食模型和采食理论的研究进展迅速,但大多数仅局限在对某个植物等级水平(个体、斑块)家畜采食特征的研究^[2~6],而对不同等级(个体、斑块、群落、景观)水平间的动物采食行为的整合研究不多见。本文通过测定放牧肉牛在草甸草原植物个体和斑块区域的采食方位和采食参数,分析家畜采食策略,以期进一步完善采食理论,并为制定合理的草地管理制度提供理论支持。     

西藏黄牛瘤胃中24种饲草总养分和纤维素的消失率

采用牛瘤胃瘘管法,利用特制无纺布滤袋对西藏农区常见24种饲草的总养分、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、半纤维素、木质素(ADL)和总纤维素进行12,24,48 h 3个时间段的消化试验,归纳出24种饲草在不同消化时间内各养分的消失率.结果表明,紫花苜蓿的总养分消失率最高,48 h内达到66.249 5%;纤维素消失率最高的分别为禾本科中的草地早熟禾和黑麦草,豆科牧草中的紫花苜蓿,农作物中的西藏豌豆秸秆;锦葵科中的中花锦葵纤维素消失率最高,达到36.918 7%.     

储罐机械清洗技术的改进措施

针对传统的储罐机械清洗设备及其技术在部分环节上的不足,提出了具体的改进措施：将一罐增加为两罐,使离心泵始终在常压状态下工作;将制氮机与氧气检测仪联动运行,以安全控制罐内氧气的体积分数;将油水分离装置改成自动密闭撇油容器,以防止油气扩散,降低人员劳动强度;安装气动控制阀门,避免人员在油罐浮顶上切换清洗机,增强了安全保障。通过真空回收、监测、撇油、清洗机切换等技术改进和创新,引导油罐底泥清洗技术向高效化、密闭化、自动化的方向发展,值得普遍应用与推广。