LDH and CK isoenzyme patterns in the blood plasma of horses with elevated CK, LDH and AST activities

The distribution of LDH and CK isoenzymes in blood plasma of ten clinically sound Thoroughbreds with reasonable performance and without elevated clinico-chemical blood variables (reference group) was compared with 57 Thoroughbreds, which had histories of mild locomotor disturbances and/or poor performance and had elevated CK, LDH and/or AST activities (trial group). The trial group was subdivided according to the number of altered blood variables and in the groups with two as well as three altered blood variables also according to the extent of alteration of the total CK activity. The pattern of LDH and CK isoenzyme distribution in the blood plasma of the reference group was the following: 22% LDH1, 36% LDH2, 34% LDH3, 6% LDH4 and 2% LDH5 as well as 75% CK1 and 15% CK2. The remaining 10% of the plasma electropherogram could not be alloted to any one of the two CK bands. All trial groups built showed a similar pattern of changes in their isoenzyme distribution independent on kind and combination of altered enzyme activities. The shares of CK1, LDH4 and LDH5 were significantly increased whilst the shares of CK2, LDH1 and LDH2 decreased. A multiple analysis of variance demonstrated that only increased total CK activities had a pronounced effect on distribution of LDH and CK isoenzyme patterns in the trial group (p less than 0.01 for LDH2, LDH3, LDH4, CK1 and p less than 0.05 for CK2). The conclusion of the study was that the altered distribution pattern of LDH and CK isoenzymes of the trial group signalized an increased skeletal muscle membrane leakage.     

Der Nährwert der in Ungarn angebauten Reissorten

Zusammenfassung Verfasser untersuchten den Rohproteingehalt, die Eiweißfraktionen, die Aminosäurezusammensetzung der Eiweißfraktionen, den Gehalt an Vitamin der B-Gruppe und die küchentechnischen Eigenschaften von etwa 40 in ungarischen Sortenversuchen eingestellten Reissorten.Die Biologische Wertigkeit der vier im Reiseiweiß vorhandenen Eiweißfraktionen: Orysenin, Albumin, Globulin und Prolamin, wurde nach drei verschiedenen Methoden berechnet.Den Nährstoffverlust der geschälten und geschält polierten Reissorten vergleichend, wurde festgestellt, daß durch Polieren in der Biologischen Wertigkeit der Eiweißstoffe und im Gehalt an Vitaminen der B-Gruppe ein bedeutender Verlust eintritt. Der Verlust an Roheiweiß beträgt etwa 15 bis 29 %. Der größte Verlust, mehr als 75 %, tritt bei der Albuminfraktion ein.Der ungarische Reis ist hinsichtlich des Rohproteingehalts, sowie der küchentechnischen Eigenschaften, ausgezeichnet.

---

The nutritive value of rice species cultivated in Hungary

Summary Authors determined in 40 rice varieties being cultivated or tested in Hungary, the amount of raw protein, protein fractions, amino acid composition of the protein fractions, the amount of vitamins of the B group, and the cooking properties.The nutritive value of the four fractions contained in rice protein, namely oryzenine, albumine, globuline and prolamine, was calculated by three different methods.Comparing husked rice with husked polished rice, it is obvious that polishing causes heavy losses in the nutritive value of proteins and in vitamins of the B group. The losses in raw proteins amounts from 15 to 29 per cent. The greatest loss, exceeding more than 75 per cent, is manifested in the albumin fraction.In view of the high raw protein contents and the advantageous cooking properties, Hungarian rice varieties may be called excellent.

---

La valeur nutritive des espèces de riz cultivées en Hongrie

Résumé Les auteurs ont examiné la teneur en protéines brutes, les fractions protéiques et la teneur en acides aminés des fractions protéiques, ainsi que la teneur en vitamines du groupe B et les propriétés culinaires de 40 espèces de riz cultivées en Hongrie. La valeur nutritive des quatre fractions présentes dans la protéine du riz: Oryzeanine, albumine, globuline et prolamine ont été calculées selon trois méthodes différentes.En comparant le riz décortiqué et le riz décortiqué et poli il est évident que par le polissage une perte significative se manifeste dans la valeur nutritive des substances protéiques ainsi que dans le contenu en vitamines groupe B. La perte en protéine brute varie de 15 jusqu'à 29 %. La plus grande perte environ 75 % s'observe dans la fraction albumine.Le riz hongrois se distingue par grande teneur en protéine et par ses propriétés culinaires avantageuses.

---

---

mit 1 Fig.     

Haplotype diversity of Tilletiopsis spp. causing white haze in apple orchards in Northern Italy

White haze (WH), a manifestation of extensive colonization of anamorphic smut fungi of the genus Tilletiopsis on the surface of apple fruit, has recently been described as a new postharvest disorder of the cultivar Elstar. This study shows that these fungi can also affect apple fruit of different cultivars prior to harvest, and therefore seriously compromise the quality of the produce in Northern Italy. In order to identify the Tilletiopsis taxa involved in the induction of WH in this region, 48 isolates, mainly derived from fruit samples, were analysed by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. Six haplotypes were identified that could be assigned to three different phylogenetic lineages, the T. washingtonensis group, the T. pallescens group and the Entylomataceae. More than 40% of the isolates were classified as T. washingtonensis which had not previously been associated with WH. Furthermore, this is the first study that reports the occurrence of this species on field‐grown fruit samples. The extensive overgrowth of apple fruit by Tilletiopsis spp., appearing erratically in the last decade, may be a consequence of moist weather conditions and novel cultural practices, such as the use of hail nets and the intensive application of foliar nutrients.     

Direct visualization of horizontal gene transfer

Conjugation allows bacteria to acquire genes for antibiotic resistance, novel virulence attributes, and alternative metabolic pathways. Using a fluorescent protein fusion, SeqA-YFP, we have visualized this process in real time and in single cells of Escherichia coli. We found that the F pilus mediates DNA transfer at considerable cell-to-cell distances. Integration of transferred DNA by recombination occurred in up to 96% of recipients; in the remaining cells, the transferred DNA was fully degraded by the RecBCD helicase/nuclease. The acquired integrated DNA was tracked through successive replication rounds and was found to occasionally split and segregate with different chromosomes, leading to the inheritance of different gene clusters within the cell lineage. The incidence of DNA splitting corresponds to about one crossover per cell generation.     

The influence of increased water temperature on the duration of spermatogenesis in a neotropical fish,Astyanax altiparanae (Characiformes,Characidae)

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - In view of the established climate change scenario and the consequent changes in global temperature, it is essential to study its effects on animal...     

Multiple-use forest management in consideration of climate change and the interests of stakeholder groups

In this study, the overall utility of forest management alternatives at the forest management unit level is evaluated with regard to multi-purpose and multi-user settings by a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) method. The MCA is based on an additive utility model. The relative importance of partial objectives of forest management (carbon sequestration, ground water recharge, biodiversity, and timber production) is defined in cooperation with stakeholders. The forest growth model 4C (Forest Ecosystems in a Changing Environment) is used to simulate the impact of six forest management strategies and climate on forest functions. Two climate change scenarios represent uncertainties with regard to future climatic conditions. The study is based on actual forest conditions in the Kleinsee management unit in east Germany, which is dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oak (Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea Liebl.) stands. First, there is an analysis of the impact of climate and forest management on forest functions. Climate change increases carbon sequestration and income from timber production due to increased stand productivity. Secondly, the overall utility of the management strategies is compared under the priority settings of different stakeholder groups. From an ecological perspective, a conservation strategy would be preferable under all climate scenarios, but the business as usual management would also fit the expectations under the current climate due to high biodiversity and carbon sequestration in the forest ecosystem. In contrast, a forest manager in public-owned forests or a private forest owner would prefer a management strategy with an intermediate thinning intensity and a high share of pine stands to enhance income from timber production while maintaining the other forest functions.