池蝶蚌组织蛋白酶L1-like基因的克隆及表达特征分析

为了解淡水贝类是否存在组织蛋白酶L的亚型及其亚型的免疫相关作用,本实验利用已构建的池蝶蚌血细胞全长c DNA文库,筛选获得与之同源的EST序列,结合RACE技术进一步克隆了池蝶蚌一个新的组织蛋白酶L基因的c DNA全长,命名为Hs Cts L1-like基因(Gen Bank登录号为KF015273)。该序列全长为1280 bp,5′-非翻译区(5′UTR)为31 bp,3′-非翻译区(3′UTR)为256 bp,开放阅读框区(ORF)为993 bp,编码330个氨基酸,预测蛋白相对分子量为36.86 ku,理论等电点为6.23。序列分析结果显示,Hs Cts L1-like与其他软体动物相对应序列具有共同结构特征,包含信号肽、前肽抑制域和成熟肽三部分,在其他物种中已鉴定的Cts L签名序列标签(ERF/WNIN、GNFD、GCXGG和QCHN等)在Hs Cts L1-like中均可找到。其氨基酸序列同缢蛏Cts L1(AGL33704.1)同源性最高,达67%;与报道的三角帆蚌Cts L(ADV03094)和池蝶蚌中另一个Cts L(AEX88474)仅均为52.91%;系统进化分析表明,Hs Cts L1-like与缢蛏、长牡蛎和合浦珠母贝的Cts L1聚为一分支,推测Hs Cts L1-like属于Cts L家族中的亚型1。实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)检测显示,Hs Cts L1-like m RNA在肝脏中表达量最高,其次是卵巢和精巢。注射鳗弧菌后,血细胞和肝脏Hs Cts L1-like m RNA转录水平显著升高,暗示其是一个免疫有关的基因,参与了池蝶蚌的先天免疫应答反应。     

Assessing spillover from marine protected areas and its drivers: A meta‐analytical approach

Overfishing may seriously impact fish populations and ecosystems. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management, yet the fisheries benefits remain debateable. Many MPAs include a fully protected area (FPA), restricting all activities, within a partially protected area (PPA) where potentially sustainable activities are permitted. An effective tool for biodiversity conservation, FPAs, can sustain local fisheries via spillover, that is the outward export of individuals from FPAs. Spillover refers to both: “ecological spillover”: outward net emigration of juveniles, subadults and/or adults from the FPA; and “fishery spillover”: the fraction of ecological spillover that directly benefits fishery yields and revenues through fishable biomass. Yet, how common is spillover remains controversial. We present a meta‐analysis of a unique global database covering 23 FPAs worldwide, using published literature and purposely collected field data, to assess the capacity of FPAs to export biomass and whether this response was mediated by specific FPA features (e.g. size, age) or species characteristics (e.g. mobility, economic value). Results show fish biomass and abundance outside FPAs was higher: (a) in locations close to FPA borders (<200 m) than further away (>200 m); (b) for species with a high commercial value; and (c) in the presence of PPA surrounding the FPA. Spillover was slightly higher in FPAs that were larger and older and for more mobile species. Based on the broadest data set compiled to date on marine species ecological spillover beyond FPAs' borders, our work highlights elements that could guide strategies to enhance local fishery management using MPAs.     

鱼源嗜水气单胞菌多重耐药菌株整合子的分子特征

为研究嗜水气单胞菌多重耐药菌株整合子-基因盒分布及分子特征, 首先采用K-B纸片扩散法检测28株鱼源嗜水气单胞菌对18种抗生素的耐药性, 然后利用PCR方法检测菌株中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型整合酶基因并对其携带基因盒序列进行分析。结果表明, 分离到的鱼源嗜水气单胞菌呈多重耐药性, 对b-内酰胺类、大环内酯类、氯霉素类和四环素类药物的耐药率超过60%, 而对氟喹诺酮类药物较敏感, 且菌株间耐药谱差异较大。53.57%的菌株Ⅰ类整合子阳性, 21.43%的菌株Ⅱ类整合子阳性, 整合子阳性菌株对多种药物的耐药率均高于阴性株, 且Ⅰ类整合子阳性株多重耐药率明显高于Ⅱ类整合子阳性株, 表明整合子系统在嗜水气单胞菌多重耐药性中发挥重要作用。Ⅰ类整合子基因盒以aadA、dfrA、catB家族为主, 分别介导氨基糖苷类、甲氧磺胺嘧啶类和氯霉素类药物耐药; 基因盒的排列以aadA2+dfrA12类型为主。此外, Ⅰ类整合子阳性的嗜水气单胞菌多重耐药性在不同个体间也存在较大差异, 提示多重耐药菌株的耐药表型与基因盒的类型无直接相关性。

     

黄颡鱼人工繁殖的几个关键问题

近年来,随着黄颡鱼养殖的不断发展,黄颡鱼苗种的供应日趋紧张.为了解决和突破这一制约黄颡鱼养殖的"瓶颈"问题,生产更多更优质的黄颡鱼苗种,保证黄颡鱼养殖稳步而快速的发展,对黄颡鱼的人工催产繁殖各地都做了大量的研究工作.     

抗球虫药新剂型的制备与研究

采用固体分散技术,利用溶剂法,以处方比例马度米星铵:聚维酮(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,PVPk30)分别为1:1、1:2、1:3制备了3个马度米星铵固体分散体,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析鉴定,当马度米星铵与PVP k30的比例为1:3时马度米星铵的药物特征吸热峰消失,说明固体分散体制备成功。对药物进行体外累积溶出度研究,结果马度米星铵固体分散体在60 min内体外累积溶出度可达98.46%,比马度米星铵预混剂的2.57%提高了38倍多。抗球虫效果研究表明,马度米星铵固体分散体的抗球虫指数(ACI)为197.7,明显高于ACI为191.8的马度米星铵预混剂。     

Functional changes of retinal ganglion cells in rd1 mice during midterm of retinal pigmentosa

AIM: To investigate how the function of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) change in the midterm of retinal pigmentosa (RP) in rd1 mice (a transgenic animal model of RP). METHODS: The action potentials from multiple RGCs in rd1 mice at postnatal 20 d (P20) or normal C57 mice (control) were simultaneously recorded by multi-electrode array recording. The functional changes of surviving ganglion cells were evaluated by comparing spontaneous and light-evoked activities of RGCs between rd1 and control mice. The extent of photoreceptor degeneration was verified by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry results showed the thickness of the retinal photoreceptor layer of rd1 mice was significantly lower than that in normal mice at P20. According to the light response properties, we classified ganglion cells into 6 subgroups: ON sustained, ON transient, ON-OFF sustained, ON-OFF transient, OFF sustained and OFF transient RGCs, with a very tiny percentage of OFF sustained RGCs (1.0%~3.1%). The percentage of RGCs remaining light responsive in rd1 mice was significantly lower than that in C57 mice. The average spontaneous spiking rate for rd1 RGCs was overall significantly increased compared to that in C57 cells, whereas different RGC types had different changes. The light-induced responses and light sensitivities of all types of RGCs in rd1 mice were both significantly lower than those in C57 mice. CONCLUSION: The photoreceptors of rd1 mice are severely degenerated in the midterm of retinal degeneration. The functions of RGCs in rd1 mice in the midterm of degeneration decay obviously, with variance in different RGCs types.     

辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病的室内药效试验

以辽细辛精油为试材,黄瓜灰霉病菌为目标菌,采用菌片接种法,测定了辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病的活体药效和离体药效,以期探讨辽细辛精油的实用性,为植物源杀菌剂的开发提供理论依据。结果表明:辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病既有保护作用也有治疗作用,且随着精油浓度的升高药效逐渐提高;辽细辛精油的保护作用优于治疗作用,在活体条件下,保护和治疗作用的EC50分别为1 033.30mg·L~(-1)和1 038.31mg·L~(-1),充分体现了"预防为主"的植保理念。     

湿固化胶粘接高含水率桦木的润湿性能与胶接性能的关系

欲达到良好的界面胶合或高强度的胶接接头,胶黏剂在木材表面上的润湿性是非常重要的,而含水率对木材润湿性具有极为重要的影响。以胶黏剂在桦木表面的润湿眭能为着眼点考虑胶接问题,采用单组分湿固化异氰酸酯胶黏剂粘接高含水率桦木,引入润湿模型,用平衡接触角θ和扩散-渗透系数K分别从胶滴的最终铺展状态和胶滴的扩散、渗透能力两个不同方面对润湿性能进行了描述,探讨了在高含水率条件下,桦木的润湿性能与胶接性能的内在联系。结果表明:桦木含水率从50%增大到90%时,含水率越高,桦木初始接触角越小,平衡接触角越大,扩散-渗透系数K值越小,胶液在桦木表面的润湿性能越不好,其胶接强度越低。     

6种防霉剂对毛竹重组材的防霉效果比较

以毛竹加缝竹篾为原料压制竹重组材,采用6种防霉剂分别对竹篾和板材试件作浸渍或涂布处理。经过1个月的防霉处理后,比较不同防霉剂、不同处理方法其防治效力的优劣,筛选出适用于毛竹重组材的2种低毒、高效防霉剂及其最佳处理方法。     

不同氮磷钾配比对仙客来生长的影响

对仙客来无土栽培营养液中N、P、K元素采用三因素二次D-饱和最优设计,探讨不同浓度氮磷钾对仙客来生长发育的影响,对仙客来的根长、根体积、球茎直径、花朵数、花瓣长、可溶性糖含量、MDA含量、蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量进行分析。结果表明:经方差分析和主成分分析得出,无土栽培仙客来氮、磷、钾最优组合方案为:86.6~263.4、60~100和250~400 mg/L,即氮:磷:钾为3∶1∶6.5。