灌溉排水耦合调控稻田水分转化关系

该文利用装配有地下水位自动控制系统的蒸渗仪,分析节水灌溉与旱地控制排水技术耦合调控对于稻田水分转化关系的影响。结果表明,灌排耦合调控在小幅减少水稻产量的同时,显著减少了稻田灌溉水量、地下排水量及水稻蒸发蒸腾量,最终显著增加了水稻水分生产效率。与常规灌排稻田相比,灌排耦合调控稻田水稻产量减少1.9%,灌溉水量、地下排水量及水稻蒸发蒸腾量分别显著减少41.7%、49.9%及24.9%,水分生产效率增加30.5%。随着控灌稻田排水控制限的提高,稻田灌溉水量、地下排水量及水稻蒸发蒸腾量减少,水稻产量保持稳定,使得水稻水分生产效率进一步增加。提高控灌稻田的排水控制限,减缓了稻田土壤水分的衰退速度,并增加稻田地下水位低于排水控制限的比例,稻田灌溉次数与发生地下排水的时段均减少,使得控灌稻田灌溉水量与地下排水量下降,两者综合作用下控灌稻田水稻蒸发蒸腾量减少。在采用控制灌溉模式的基础上,适当提高稻田排水控制限,可以较好地实现水稻生产中水分的高效利用,研究结果可为优化稻田水管理模式提供依据。     

水稻蛋白亚基含量对米饭食味的影响

对水稻品种进行蛋白质亚基组成分析。摸索水稻蛋白亚基SDS-PAGE实验室检测技术及电泳图像数据处理技术,分析不同蛋白质体组成与米饭食味的关系。初步明确PB-Ⅰ蛋白体的醇溶蛋白亚基含量低,PB-Ⅱ蛋白质体谷蛋白亚基含量高的品种具有食味较好的倾向。筛选出了一份特异贮藏蛋白资源材料非洲品种IRAT144可作为高醇溶蛋白、低谷蛋白亚基的种质资源加以利用。     

基于ZRM-MDH模型转换的串联机器人运动学参数标定

运动学参数误差是影响工业机器人绝对定位精度的主要因素,通过误差标定能够有效地提高工业机器人的精度。运动学模型的完整性、连续性与冗余性对运动学参数的辨识精度影响较大。为尽可能地提高机器人的标定精度,并易于实现机器人误差补偿,本文提出一种基于ZRM-MDH模型转换的机器人运动学参数标定方法。首先,基于零参考模型(ZRM)建立TX60型串联工业机器人的位姿误差模型,结合测量位姿误差辨识ZRM的参数;其次,基于圆点分析法将ZRM转换成MDH模型。在TX60型机器人前侧工作区域内任意选择50个测量点,实施运动学参数误差标定。实验表明,基于MDH模型标定后的机器人平均综合定位误差为0.081 mm,而经过ZRMMDH模型转换后的机器人平均综合定位误差为0.062 mm。为验证标定方法的稳定性,在TX60型机器人前侧工作区域内,选择5个区域实施运动学参数误差标定,结果表明,基于ZRM-MDH模型转换获得的标定精度稳定性相对较好。     

3种实蝇基因组DNA提取及ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立

为探讨高品质实蝇基因组DNA提取,研究模板DNA浓度、引物浓度、TaqDNA聚合酶用量、dNTP浓度、退火温度及时间对ISSR-PCR扩增结果的影响,以3种实蝇为材料,建立通用且稳定的实蝇ISSR-PCR反应体系。结果表明:获得了高品质实蝇基因组DNA;确立了通用且稳定的实蝇ISSR-PCR反应体系:10×PCRBuffer2.5μL,模板DNA50ng,引物0.25μmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶0.50U,dNTP200μmol/L,最后加ddH2O至25μL;明确了ISSR-PCR扩增程序:94℃预变性5min,94℃变性30s,52.4℃退火45s,72℃延伸90s,循环36次,最后72℃延伸7min,4℃保存。体系的建立弥补了实蝇传统形态检测的不足,为快速准确鉴定、种群异质性及遗传多样性分析奠定了基础。     

Effect of GnRH immunisation on hormonal levels, sexual behaviour, semen quality and testicular morphology in mature stallions

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunisation on mature stallions that had been used for breeding. Four Standardbred stallions were used in the study: 3 experimental animals and 1 control animal. Semen was collected regularly, i.e. twice/week, during the 4 months prior to the experimental period. The stallions were immunised against GnRH with a GnRH-BSA conjugate. Equimune was used as the adjuvant. The stallions were immunised on 5 occasions, 4 at 2 week intervals, and the fifth 4 weeks after the fourth. Blood samples were taken once a week for analysis of GnRH antibody titre and every third week for testosterone and oestrone sulphate analyses. Semen was collected once a week, and libido and sexual behaviour were observed. Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total number of sperm in the ejaculate, sperm motility and sperm morphology were evaluated. Testicular size was measured once a week. At the end of the study, the stallions were castrated, and a histological examination of the testes performed. All immunised stallions produced antibodies against GnRH, and plasma testosterone concentration decreased. However, the effect of immunisation varied between stallions. In 2 of the stallions, high levels of antibodies were found, while in the third, the level was moderate. Four weeks after the first immunisation, a decrease in libido was observed. Two months after the first immunisation, marked changes in semen quality were observed in the 2 stallions with high antibody titres. Fourteen weeks after the first immunisation, the total number of sperm/ejaculate had decreased from >8.6 x 10(9) to <2.7 x 10(9), sperm motility from >59 to <10% and the frequency of morphological normal spermatozoa had decreased from >60 to <14%. The dominating abnormalities were abnormal head shapes, proximal cytoplasmic droplets and detached heads. In the third stallion, only slight changes in semen quality were found. No changes were observed in the control stallion. Decreases in testicular size were noted in all of the experimental stallions. Pronounced histological alterations in the testes were observed in 2 of the stallions. It is concluded that the vaccine was effective in stimulating production of GnRH antibodies and in suppressing testicular function and androgen secretion. However, there was an individual variation in the responses among the stallions and, further, libido was not totally suppressed.     

红树林放线菌生物多样性及其代谢产物的研究进展

红树林放线菌具有极其丰富的多样性以及独特的代谢途径,其代谢产物结构新颖、生物活性显著,已成为抗菌、抗肿瘤、酶活性及酶的抑制剂等新药开发的重要来源。从红树林放线菌的生物多样性、代谢产物及其生物活性等方面对红树林放线菌的研究现状进行综述。     

Isolation, sequence characterization, and tissue transcription profiles of two novel buffalo genes: INSIG1 and INSIG2

Insulin-induced genes (INSIGs) are recently discovered genes that are involved in the metabolism of cholesterol and lipogenesis in animal tissues. In this study, two INSIG genes (INSIG1 and INSIG2) were isolated and characterized in 11 buffalo. The full-length coding sequence (CDS) of the buffalo INSIG1 consists of 831 bp which encodes a 276 amino acid protein with molecular mass 29.55 kD. And the INSIG2 CDS is 678 bp in length which encodes a 225 amino acid protein with molecular mass 24.87 kD. No polymorphisms were found in the CDSs of the buffalo INSIGs, but seven and two nucleotide differences were found in the CDSs between buffalo and other bovine species. Phylogenetic analyses based on the INSIG amino acid sequences showed that buffalo was grouped with other members in the Bovidae family. Four types of putative modification sites were detected in buffalo INSIG proteins. And two predicted microRNA target sites were found respectively in the CDSs of buffalo INSIG1 and INSIG2. The tissue expression analyses by quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed that the buffalo INSIG1 was expressed in ten tissues tested. Among these tissues, the liver and mammary gland showed high expression levels. And the INSIG2 was only expressed in the brain, mammary glands, pituitary, abomasum, heart, and liver. Among these tissues, the mammary gland, brain, and pituitary demonstrated a high expression levels. These data provide the primary foundation for further insights into the buffalo INSIG genes.     

A 25?years experience of group-housed sows–reproduction in animal welfare-friendly systems

Since January 1 2013, group housing of sows has been compulsory within the European Union (EU) in all pig holdings with more than ten sows. Sows and gilts need to be kept in groups from 4 weeks after service to 1 week before the expected time of farrowing (Article 3(4) of Directive 2008/120/EC on the protection of pigs). The legislation regarding group housing was adopted already in 2001 and a long transitional period was allowed to give member states and producers enough time for adaptation. Even so, group housing of sows still seems to be uncommon in the EU, and is also uncommon in commercial pig farming systems in the rest of the world. In this review we share our experience of the Swedish 25 years of animal welfare legislation stipulating that sows must be loose-housed which de facto means group housed. The two most important concerns related to reproductive function among group-housed sows are the occurrence of lactational oestrus when sows are group-housed during lactation, and the stress that is associated with group housing during mating and gestation. Field and clinical observations in non-lactating, group-housed sows in Sweden suggest that by making basic facts known about the pig reproductive physiology related to mating, we might achieve application of efficient batch-wise breeding without pharmacological interventions. Group housing of lactating sows has some production disadvantages and somewhat lower productivity would likely have to be expected. Recordings of behavioural indicators in different housing systems suggest a lower welfare level in stalled animals compared with group-housed ones. However, there are no consistent effects on the reproductive performance associated with different housing systems. Experimental studies suggest that the most sensitive period, regarding disturbance of reproductive functions by external stressors, is the time around oestrus. We conclude that by keeping sows according to the pig welfare-friendly Directive 2008/120/EC, it is possible to combine group-housing of sows with good reproductive performance and productivity. However, substantially increased research and development is needed to optimize these systems.     

The protective immune response produced in dogs after primary vaccination with the LiESP/QA-21 vaccine (CaniLeish?) remains effective against an experimental challenge one year later

Control of canine leishmaniasis is an important objective for the benefit of dogs living in or visiting endemic areas and for public health because of the zoonotic nature of this disease. Resistance or susceptibility to developing canine leishmaniasis after exposure to Leishmania infantum is primarily determined by the ability of the immune system to develop an appropriate Th1-dominated specific response to the parasite. For this reason there is a need for effective canine vaccines that can decrease the number of dogs developing progressive infections. In this study, we followed the impact of the LiESP/QA-21 canine vaccine (composed of excreted-secreted proteins of L. infantum and the QA-21 saponin adjuvant), recently launched commercially in Europe, on selected humoral and cellular immune parameters following an infectious intravenous challenge with L. infantum promastigotes administered one year after the primary vaccine course. We also followed parasitological parameters to determine the parasitological status of the challenged dogs. In contrast to controls, vaccinated dogs retained significantly stronger cell-mediated immune responses against the parasite despite a virulent challenge and had significantly lower mean parasite burdens at the end of the study, associated with a lower probability of developing active infections. These results confirm that the immune responses generated by vaccination with LiESP/QA-21 are still effective against an intravenous challenge one year after the primary vaccine course.