Relationship between biological parameters and bioaccumulation of some organochlorines (pesticides,PCB) by fishes in the River Seine (France)

The accumulation of organochlorine compounds (α, β and γ HCH, HCB, pp'DDE pp'DDT and polychlorobiphenyls) by fishes of two different species, the Roach (Rutilus rutilus) and the Perch (Perca fluviatilis), predator of the Roach, have been studied at two stations situated on the catchment basin of the Seine. Only polychlorobiphenyls show high contents in these fishes. The polychlorobiphenyl compositions of these organisms correspond to those found in most environments. There is no systematic relationship between the bioconcentration and the size of the fish. The reproductive cycle appears to have a significant impact on the organochlorine contents. Moreover, the extent of PCB amplification with trophic level depends partly on the mode of expression of their contents, related either to body weight or to lipid weight. Thus the PCB body contents in the Perch are slightly higher than in the Roach, whereas, regarding lipid weight, the contents are twice as high as in the predator species. In the Roach, body contents of micropollutants are only two six times higher than in Molluscs (Anodonta cygnea, Vivipara vivipara). The Roach and the zebra mussel show important differences in the PCB composition, whereas there are none between the Perch and the Roach; in the latter species, they do not seem to change with age.     

我国水蚀区坡耕地土壤分离能力的空间分布与影响因素

我国水蚀区不同区域自然地理环境和土壤理化性质存在巨大差异,可能会引起土壤分离能力(Dc)的差异。然而目前大尺度上(如水蚀区)Dc的空间分布及其影响因素的研究尚未见报道。在水蚀区依据土壤类型和土壤质地不同布设了36个采样点,用扰动土(代表新耕坡耕地)测定其Dc并分析其影响因素。结果表明,水蚀区沙漠风沙土Dc最大,红壤Dc最小,Dc呈强度空间变异。西北黄土高原地区和南方山地丘陵区Dc最大。黏粒和砂粒含量适中的土壤质地Dc最大。水流剪切力与水流功率在模拟Dc方面无显著差异。Dc与粉粒、土壤粒径参数、阳离子交换量和土壤有机质存在显著的负相关关系,与砂粒、中值粒径、平均几何粒径和交换性纳百分比存在显著的正相关关系。水蚀区Dc可用水流剪切力、粉粒、阳离子交换量和土壤有机质很好地模拟(R^2=0.71,NSE=0.71)。     

Marine polysaccharides: a source of bioactive molecules for cell therapy and tissue engineering

The therapeutic potential of natural bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, especially glycosaminoglycans, is now well documented, and this activity combined with natural biodiversity will allow the development of a new generation of therapeutics. Advances in our understanding of the biosynthesis, structure and function of complex glycans from mammalian origin have shown the crucial role of this class of molecules to modulate disease processes and the importance of a deeper knowledge of structure-activity relationships. Marine environment offers a tremendous biodiversity and original polysaccharides have been discovered presenting a great chemical diversity that is largely species specific. The study of the biological properties of the polysaccharides from marine eukaryotes and marine prokaryotes revealed that the polysaccharides from the marine environment could provide a valid alternative to traditional polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans. Marine polysaccharides present a real potential for natural product drug discovery and for the delivery of new marine derived products for therapeutic applications.     

控制地下水位减少节水灌溉稻田氮素淋失

为探讨高效的稻田灌排管理模式,降低稻田氮素淋失风险,该文利用装配有地下水位自动控制系统的蒸渗仪,研究地下水位调控对节水灌溉稻田氮素淋失的影响。结果表明,稻田排水控制限的提高可减少控制灌溉稻田地下排水量,控制地下水位处理1稻田地下排水量为179.4mm,分别较控制地下水位处理2(195.9mm)和控制地下水位处理3(285.8mm)稻田减少8.4%和37.2%。随稻田排水控制限的提高,控制灌溉稻田地下排水中铵态氮(NH4+–N)浓度增加,硝态氮(NO3-–N)浓度下降。与控制地下水位处理2和控制地下水位处理3稻田相比,控制地下水位处理1稻田地下排水中NH4+–N质量浓度均值分别增加9.3%和27.3%,地下排水中NO3-–N质量浓度均值分别减少32.6%和1.8%。稻田排水控制限的提高显著减少了控制灌溉稻田NO3-–N淋失量(P0.05),控制地下水位处理1稻田NO3-–N淋失量为0.27kg/hm2,分别较控制地下水位处理2(0.43kg/hm2)和控制地下水位处理3(0.88kg/hm2)稻田显著减少0.16和0.61kg/hm2(P0.05),控制地下水位处理2稻田NO3-–N淋失量较控制地下水位处理3稻田显著减少0.45kg/hm2(P0.05)。采用控制排水技术,适当提高控制灌溉稻田的排水控制限,可有效降低稻田NO3-–N淋失对地下水污染的风险。该研究可为制定满足控污减排需求的稻田灌排管理模式提供指导。     

宣城市油菜普花期特征分析及预测

为准确预测油菜普花期,更有效地开展气象服务,笔者选取安徽省宣城市1990—2019年油菜观测资料和温度、降水、日照等气象资料,基于Mann-Kendall法,利用SPSS和Excel软件对油菜普花期特征、普花期与气象因子之间的关系进行了分析研究.结果发现:宣城1990—2019年油菜普花期平均是3月20日,年际间变化较...