结合部法向载荷解析解修正与定量实验验证

给出了识别结合部的2个重要表征参数(分形维数和分形粗糙度)的方法,修正了结合部法向总载荷公式.以XHK5140型自动换刀计算机数控立式镗铣床上的结合部为研究对象,以测试试件的实验结果为基准,按照振型相似定性比较、固有频率定量比较的原则,对结合部法向与切向接触刚度的理论解进行了验证.理论模型的振型与实验的振型皆一致,理论与实验固有频率的相对误差在-9％ ～9％之间.     

崩岗地貌侵蚀过程三维立体监测研究——以广东五华县莲塘岗崩岗为例

2011-2013年,大致以半年为周期,利用Leica ScanStation 2三维激光扫描仪对广东五华县莲塘岗崩岗进行6次野外定位监测,运用ArcGIS软件对6次监测数据进行对比分析,阐明崩岗流域侵蚀产沙的时空变化,提供精细化研究成果。研究结果表明,莲塘岗崩岗年平均侵蚀模数高达222 408t/(km2·a),主要侵蚀区位于海拔111~131m的崩积锥分布区,占侵蚀总量的55.6%,且崩岗中、下部位侵蚀强度高于崩岗上部。崩岗侵蚀量随崩岗表面坡度变化呈现正态分布的特征,侵蚀量最大值位于崩岗40°~50°的坡面部位。单位面积的崩岗侵蚀量大致随崩岗表面坡度的增大而加大,表明崩岗流域内坡度越大,侵蚀越强烈。在6次5个监测周期内,崩岗侵蚀方式具有明显变化,沟道发育是崩岗侵蚀发生的主要触发因素之一。前3个监测周期中,崩岗以沟道快速下切、侧蚀和溯源侵蚀为主,兼有小规模崩塌;后2个监测周期中,崩岗以重力侵蚀为主,侵蚀量先减少后增大。莲塘岗崩岗目前正处于壮年期阶段,地形是崩岗发育的主要影响因素。地形因素导致崩岗水力侵蚀与重力侵蚀交替进行,两者共同作用使得崩岗侵蚀发展过程呈现出螺旋式上升的演化模式。     

Biological control at work: demonstrating the complementary effects of natural enemies on two contrasting pests and the damage they cause

Journal of Pest Science - Natural pest control is a significant service supporting agricultural production. However, the relative contribution of several functional groups of natural enemies to...     

Steroid hormone receptors ERα and PR characterised by immunohistochemistry in the mare adrenal gland

Background

Sex steroid hormone receptors have been identified in the adrenal gland of rat, sheep and rhesus monkey, indicating a direct effect of sex steroids on adrenal gland function.

Methods

In the present study, immunohistochemistry using two different mouse monoclonal antibodies was employed to determine the presence of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the mare adrenal gland. Adrenal glands from intact (n = 5) and ovariectomised (OVX) (n = 5) mares, as well as uterine tissue (n = 9), were collected after euthanasia. Three of the OVX mares were treated with a single intramuscular injection of oestradiol benzoate (2.5 mg) 18 – 22 hours prior to euthanasia and tissue collection (OVX+Oe). Uterine tissue was used as a positive control and showed positive staining for both ERalpha and PR.

Results

ERalpha staining was detected in the adrenal zona glomerulosa, fasciculata and reticularis of all mare groups. Ovariectomy increased cortical ERalpha staining intensity. In OVX mares and one intact mare, positive ERalpha staining was also detected in adrenal medullary cells. PR staining of weak intensity was present in a low proportion of cells in the zona fasciculata and reticularis of all mare groups. Weak PR staining was also found in a high proportion of adrenal medullary cells. In contrast to staining in the adrenal cortex, which was always located within the cell nuclei, medullary staining for both ERalpha and PR was observed only in the cell cytoplasm.

Conclusion

The present results show the presence of ERalpha in the adrenal cortex, indicating oestradiol may have a direct effect on mare adrenal function. However, further studies are needed to confirm the presence of PR as staining in the present study was only weak and/or minor. Also, any possible effect of oestradiol treatment on the levels of steroid receptors cannot be determined by the present study, as treatment time was of a too short duration.     

Colloidal Centrifugation of Stallion Semen: Changes in Sperm Motility,Velocity, and Chromatin Integrity during Storage

The current study investigated the changes in sperm quality (motility, velocity, and chromatin integrity) occurring during storage at room temperature or 5°C for up to 48 hours in spermatozoa after extension or single-layer centrifugation (SLC) through Androcoll-E. In unselected samples, all parameters of sperm quality deteriorated significantly during storage (P < .01), although the deterioration was faster at room temperature (22–30°C) than for cool storage (P < .01). The SLC-selected spermatozoa had higher motility, velocity, and chromatin integrity than the overall unselected population (motility: selected 85 ± 10%, unselected 56 ± 13%; P < .001; velocity: selected 85.1 ± 13 μm/second, unselected 63.5 ± 15 μm/second; P < .001; and DFI selected 12.2 ± 4.8 μm/second, unselected 23.6 ± 7.4 μm/second; P < .001). Furthermore, sperm quality did not deteriorate with storage in the SLC-selected samples, either at room temperature (22–30°C for 24 hours) or cooled to 4°C (for at least 48 hours), whereas a significant deterioration in sperm quality was observed in the unselected sperm samples (P < .01). Thus, room temperature storage of SLC-selected spermatozoa may be an option for insemination doses from stallions whose spermatozoa do not tolerate cooling. In addition, a new sperm analyzer, the Qualisperm, showed good correlation with subjective motility assessment (r = 0.8, P < .001), was user-friendly, and provided a reasonable volume of data. This instrument may be a useful adjunct to sperm quality assessment at the stud.     

Morphology and Chromatin Integrity of Stallion Spermatozoa Prepared by Density Gradient and Single Layer Centrifugation Through Silica Colloids

The objective was to investigate whether it is possible to improve the quality of stallion semen, with respect to sperm morphology and chromatin integrity, both of which have been linked to fertility, using either density gradient centrifugation (DGC) or a new method, hereby named single layer centrifugation (SLC). The two methods of colloidal centrifugation were evaluated using 38 ejaculates from 10 stallions. Sperm morphology, subjective motility and sperm chromatin integrity were compared in uncentrifuged samples and in centrifuged sperm preparations. The proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa varied between stallions (p < 0.001) and was increased by both methods of colloidal centrifugation (median value before centrifugation 67.5%; after SLC 78%; after DGC 77%; p < 0.001). The incidence of certain abnormalities was reduced, e.g. proximal cytoplasmic droplets were reduced from 12.9% to 8.8% (p < 0.001), and mid-piece defects from 5.3% to 1.4% (p < 0.05). Similarly, sperm motility and chromatin integrity were significantly improved (p < 0.001), with no difference between the two centrifugation methods. Centrifugation through colloids can enrich the proportions of stallion spermatozoa with normal morphology and normal chromatin structure in sperm preparations. The new method, SLC, was as effective as DGC in selecting motile stallion spermatozoa with normal morphology and intact chromatin. SLC, being simpler to use than DGC, would be appropriate for routine use by stud personnel to improve stallion sperm quality in insemination doses.     

京海黄鸡GH基因与生长、屠体性状的关联分析

试验将生长激素(GH)基因作为影响鸡生长、屠体性状的候选基因,以京海黄鸡为材料,采用PCR-SSCP技术对京海黄鸡的GH基因的5个外显子进行SNPs检测和基因型分析,探讨GH基因的多态性与鸡生长、屠体性状之间的关系.在GH基因外显子4上发现突变位点,表现为3种基因型,分别为AA、AB和BB基因型.统计结果显示,公鸡的活重、脾重、肝重、头重、脚重、腺胃重、肌胃重、腿肌重和半净膛重在不同基因型间呈现差异显著(P<0.05),AA基因型最高.母鸡的脾重、肝重、脚重在不同基因型间差异显著,其余性状在各基因型间差异均不显著(P>0.05).这表明该基因可能调控鸡生长、屠体性状的主效基因或与控制生长、屠体性状的主基因连锁,可以将该突变位点作为京海黄鸡进行生长、屠体性状筛选的候选分子辅助标记.