桉树丰产栽培技术推广应用

本文总结了福建省桉树推广经验，分析了立地条件、营林措施、林地清理、整地、施肥、病虫害防治、冻害等对桉树生长的影响，提出了进一步搞好桉树丰产栽培技术推广的建议。     

Assessment of ultrasonography and computed tomography for the evaluation of unilateral orbital disease in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical, ultrasonographic, and computed tomographic (CT) features of confirmed neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease in dogs with unilateral orbital diseases, determine criteria to differentiate between the 2 conditions, and assess the relative value of ultrasonography and CT for the differential diagnosis of these 2 conditions. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 29 dogs with unilateral neoplastic orbital disease and 16 dogs with unilateral nonneoplastic orbital disease. PROCEDURES: Clinical history and results of physical and ophthalmologic examinations were recorded. Ultrasonographic and CT images were evaluated, and discriminating factors were identified to differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic diseases. Diagnostic value of ultrasonography and CT was assessed. RESULTS: Dogs with neoplastic disease were significantly older; had clinical signs for a longer time before initial examination; had more progressive onset of clinical signs; and more frequently had protrusion of the nictitating membrane, fever, and anorexia. The most discriminating factor for both imaging modalities was delineation of the margins (odds ratio was 41.7 for ultrasonography and 45 for CT), with neoplastic lesions clearly delineated more often. Ultrasonographically, neoplastic lesions were more frequently hypoechoic and homogeneous, with indentation of the globe and bone involvement evident more frequently than for nonneoplastic lesions. Mineralization was detected only with neoplasia. Fluctuant fluid was seen more frequently in dogs with nonneoplastic disease. Computed tomography more frequently revealed extraorbital involvement. Diagnostic value was similar for both imaging modalities. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ultrasonography and CT are valuable imaging modalities to assist in differentiating neoplastic from nonneoplastic unilateral orbital disease in dogs.     

Comparative analysis of active constituents in Centella asiatica samples from Madagascar: application for ex situ conservation and clonal propagation

A comparative quantitative analysis of the active triterpenoids in Centella asiatica samples collected in different locations in Madagascar was carried out to evaluate the natural variability in triterpenoid content and to select elite samples for further ex situ germplasm conservation and clonal propagation. The highest asiaticoside content (6.42%) was measured in samples collected in Mangoro region. In vitro propagation of C. asiatica was successfully achieved in hormone-free medium. Although lower asiaticoside content was detected in 8-week-old vitro plants, the Mangoro sample still showed the highest content in this triterpenoid constituent (1.78%). Acetoxycentellynol, a C(15)-polyacetylene, was found to be accumulated up to 18 times more in in vitro plants as compared to plant material collected in situ.     

华北地区煤矸石绿化基质配比试验研究

以煤矸石山的生态恢复为目的,将煤矸石粉粒作为改良煤矸石山绿化基质的主要组成部分,同时添加土壤、保水剂、缓释肥和菌肥,作为基质组成的4个因素,各因素均设4个水平,选用L16（44）正交表安排每类基质中各组成部分的水平,在各基质中播种紫穗槐,通过分析紫穗槐的出苗率和壮苗指数,判定得到适合于煤矸石山绿化的基质为：煤矸石粉粒和土壤的体积比为2：1,每m3的煤矸石粉粒和土壤的混合物中添加保水剂和菌肥的质量分别为2kg和680g。采用这种基质配比方式,对于满足植物正常生长,降低煤矸石山改良的成本,具有一定的参考意义。     

基于磁场FE和CFD的磁流变阻尼器力学性能分析

针对某重型机械中安装的双出杆双线圈可复位式磁流变阻尼器,利用实验和仿真方法对其在特定冲击作用下的力学性能进行分析。利用磁场有限元(FE)和计算流体动力学(CFD)的单向耦合数值模拟方法,建立含隐式动网格边界的阻尼器数值模型,通过准静态实验对模型进行了验证。利用基于C语言的用户自定义函数(UDF)定义磁流变液体的本构模型,捕获磁场作用区域。结果表明,在持续通电的情况下,受到冲击后,阻尼器速度在80ms内降至零,但活塞在复位过程中停在位移为1.3mm处,控制电源断开后能够使其完全复位。     

土壤垂直和水平复合载荷-变形关系研究

基于有限元理论分析了土壤在承受垂直和水平复合载荷下的变形规律。首先通过平板沉陷试验分析确定土壤在垂直载荷作用下的载荷-变形关系,接着考虑水平载荷的影响,通过剪切试验确定土壤的复合载荷-变形关系。研究结果表明,水平载荷会造成土壤的滑动沉陷,水平剪切位移与土壤的滑动沉陷量之间呈线性关系。对影响滑动沉陷量的因素进行了分析,其中影响比较大的因素是垂直方向的载荷以及土壤的塑性参数:黏聚力和摩擦角,而土壤的弹性参数:弹性模量和泊松比对滑动沉陷量的影响比较小。     

Biomaterials and Bioactive Natural Products from Marine Invertebrates: From Basic Research to Innovative Applications

Aquatic invertebrates are a major source of biomaterials and bioactive natural products that can find applications as pharmaceutics, nutraceutics, cosmetics, antibiotics, antifouling products and biomaterials. Symbiotic microorganisms are often the real producers of many secondary metabolites initially isolated from marine invertebrates; however, a certain number of them are actually synthesized by the macro-organisms. In this review, we analysed the literature of the years 2010–2019 on natural products (bioactive molecules and biomaterials) from the main phyla of marine invertebrates explored so far, including sponges, cnidarians, molluscs, echinoderms and ascidians, and present relevant examples of natural products of interest to public and private stakeholders. We also describe omics tools that have been more relevant in identifying and understanding mechanisms and processes underlying the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in marine invertebrates. Since there is increasing attention on finding new solutions for a sustainable large-scale supply of bioactive compounds, we propose that a possible improvement in the biodiscovery pipeline might also come from the study and utilization of aquatic invertebrate stem cells.     

三江源自然保护区玛珂河林区寒温性针叶林优势灌木种间联结研究

种间联结是不同物种在空间分布上的相互关联性,通常是由群落生境的差异影响了物种的分布而引起的(Greig-Smith,1983).种间联结研究在理论上有助于了解物种间的相互关系,正确认识群落的结构特征,探讨环境差异对植物群落的影响,提供了一种客观认识自然种群的方法,为物种多样性保护提供了科学依据(蒋有绪,1982;史作民,1998;彭少麟等,1999).     

鸡热应激与热应激蛋白的作用机理研究

高温导致畜禽热应激问题的危害正日益突出并倍受关注。针对这些问题本刊推出“热应激专栏”,目的是为缓解夏季普遍存在的畜禽热应激提供理论和技术支持,使从业者能通过一些技术手段来规避热应激带来的损失。由于时间的仓促,本期组织的稿件内容覆盖面不是很全,但是以后会陆续推出有关内容,希望大家能继续关注。同时我们也希望专家、学者能踊跃地发表真知灼见与广大读者分享,把热应激理论、防制调控推到一个更高的阶段。     

崩岗地貌侵蚀过程三维立体监测研究——以广东五华县莲塘岗崩岗为例

2011-2013年,大致以半年为周期,利用Leica ScanStation 2三维激光扫描仪对广东五华县莲塘岗崩岗进行6次野外定位监测,运用ArcGIS软件对6次监测数据进行对比分析,阐明崩岗流域侵蚀产沙的时空变化,提供精细化研究成果。研究结果表明,莲塘岗崩岗年平均侵蚀模数高达222 408t/(km2·a),主要侵蚀区位于海拔111~131m的崩积锥分布区,占侵蚀总量的55.6%,且崩岗中、下部位侵蚀强度高于崩岗上部。崩岗侵蚀量随崩岗表面坡度变化呈现正态分布的特征,侵蚀量最大值位于崩岗40°~50°的坡面部位。单位面积的崩岗侵蚀量大致随崩岗表面坡度的增大而加大,表明崩岗流域内坡度越大,侵蚀越强烈。在6次5个监测周期内,崩岗侵蚀方式具有明显变化,沟道发育是崩岗侵蚀发生的主要触发因素之一。前3个监测周期中,崩岗以沟道快速下切、侧蚀和溯源侵蚀为主,兼有小规模崩塌;后2个监测周期中,崩岗以重力侵蚀为主,侵蚀量先减少后增大。莲塘岗崩岗目前正处于壮年期阶段,地形是崩岗发育的主要影响因素。地形因素导致崩岗水力侵蚀与重力侵蚀交替进行,两者共同作用使得崩岗侵蚀发展过程呈现出螺旋式上升的演化模式。