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151.
Maria Holmberg Anu Akujärvi Saku Anttila Lauri Arvola Irina Bergström Kristin Böttcher Xiaoming Feng Martin Forsius Inese Huttunen Markus Huttunen Yki Laine Heikki Lehtonen Jari Liski Laura Mononen Katri Rankinen Anna Repo Vanamo Piirainen Pekka Vanhala Petteri Vihervaara 《Landscape Ecology》2015,30(3):561-577
152.
153.
Summary Fruit size is one of the most important characteristics of highly productive strawberry cultivars. The aim of the experiments was to establish the factors responsible for the expression of this trait. The total yield of large fruits correlates closely with the total yield of all fruits and depends mainly on the mean fruit weight of all fruits. The position of fruits on the inflorescence influences the decline of fruit size to a larger extent in small-fruited clones than in the large-fruited ones. The size of the fruit is controlled by the dimension of the receptacle and number of achenes. The stimulating effects of achenes are quite different in various genotypes and the fruit weight per achene declines with the inferior blossom position. The large-fruited clones have bigger leaves, a larger photosynthetic area, and thicker petioles and flower stalks. Their cells are larger, which is common for the giant genotypes. The results suggest that there exists a possibility for indirect selection of fruit size on the basis of some additional parameters, which can be useful particularily in the years of unsuitable weather conditions. 相似文献
154.
New aspects of soybean somatic embryogenesis 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Somatic embryo formation from immature cotyledons was improved in the following ways: by cutting into sections, supplementing culture media with spermine and using solid/liquid/solid type of culture. Cut cotyledons of the eight genotypes examined expressed a higher ability for somatic embryogenesis than whole cotyledons. Of the three polyamines tested, spermine considerably stimulated and putrescine slightly inhibited induction of somatic embryos. The ability of embryoid formation on medium with spermidine depended on the genotype. The solid/liquid/solid type of culture was better than the continuous solid culture. The best nitrogen ion content for the subculture of somatic embryos was 10 mM NH4NO3 and 30 mM KNO3. The possibility of using these modifications in Agrobacterium transformation is discussed. 相似文献
155.
Summary Fourteen cultivars, one F1-hybrid and one half-wild type (Cind) of sweet pepper were tested on resistance to glasshouse whitefly. Several mutually significant levels of resistance were found. Most resistant appeared to be California Wonder, Severka M, Korál and Yolo Wonder. During the test sweet pepper plants were infested both with whiteflies and their parasite — Encarsia formosa, which caused the blackening of whitefly puparia. The blackened puparia are easily seen, enabling an easier and more rapid evaluation of the number of puparia present. 相似文献
156.
Highly inbred B line of cucumber was used to compare the effect of four types of in vitro culture on somaclonal variation. The plants were regenerated from the following types of culture: twelve- and eighteen-month-old
liquid culture of meristematic clumps (LMC12(18)), ten-month-old embryogenic cytokinin-dependent suspension (CDS), eighteen-month-old embryogenic cytokinin-dependent suspension
in medium with modified NH+
4/NO3
- ratio (CDS 1.7), twelve-month-old embryogenic auxin-dependent suspension (ADS), thirty six-month-old embryogenic auxin-dependent
suspension in medium with modified NH+
4/NO3
- ratio (ADS 1.7) and recurrent leaf callus regeneration (RLC) – repeated 5 times. The differences in the incidence of the
following properties were observed: the ploidy of R0 plants, the segregation of new morphological traits in R1 and the germination ability of R1 seeds. R1 families with the segregation of new phenotypes were most numerous in CDS (62.5%) and LMC18 (57.9%), next in CDS1.7 (35.7%), while the smallest number was found in LMC12 (11.1%) and RLC (3.4%).Tetraploid and mixoploid plants occurred in ADS1.7 and ADS (100%) whereas CDS and RLC were observed
to contain only tetraploids, respectively 33.3% and 55.2%. There were no changes of ploidy after LMC12, LMC18 and CDS1.7. Among new phenotypes there were such that have not been described so far in cucumber: ginkgolike leaf (gll),
yellow-green chlorophyll mutants (y-gc), serrate margin of corolla in male and female flowers (smc).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
157.
Anna Pretova Norbert C.A. de Ruijter André A.M. van Lammeren Jan H.N. Schel 《Euphytica》1992,65(1):61-69
Summary The capacity of the maize genotype 4c1 to regenerate microcalli and embryos from cultured microspores has been examined by comparing various cold pretreatments and culture media, using microspores and pollen at different stages of development. Viability of cultured cells was tested with FDA and their development was traced with light and fluorescence microscopy using DAPI as a nuclear dye.It was found that a pre-incubation of dissected flowers floating in a liquid nutrient medium at 8°C during 10–14 days was most successful for the induction of cell division. Among the developmental stages tested only the microspores appeared to regenerate. Subculture at 25°C in the same liquid medium, supplemented with 0.1 mg/l TIBA, gave highest rates of microspore division, i.e. up to 70% at 4 to 6 days of culture.All pathways described earlier for maize androgenic embryogenesis were observed within the 4c1 genotype. Symmetric divisions occurred in cultured microspores but most frequently asymmetric divisions lead to the formation of microcalli within 12 days of culture. In at least 60% of all dividing microspores cells were derived from the generative nucleus. Microcalli further developed either into loose or compact calli. Compact calli formed embryo-like structures.Abbreviations DAPI
4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- Dicamba
3,6-dichloro-2-methoxy benzoic acid
- 2,4D
2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate
- PAA
phenylacetic acid
- TIBA
2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid
- YP medium
Yu-Pei basal salt medium 相似文献
158.
PPR‐B‐31: a new maintainer allele in the male‐fertility restorer gene of radish (Raphanus sativus) Ogura cytoplasm
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Anna Hawliczek‐Strulak Grzegorz Bartoszewski Renata Słomnicka Aleksandra Korzeniewska Régine Delourme Iwona Bartkowiak‐Broda Katarzyna Niemirowicz‐Szczytt 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(5):557-563
The PPR‐B gene is responsible for male‐fertility restoration of the Ogura‐type male‐sterile radish plants, and it is located in the complex Rfo locus in the vicinity of similar PPR‐A gene and PPR‐C pseudogene. The aim of this study was to identify PPR‐B alleles and understand the structure of the Rfo locus in radish breeding lines. Five lines of radish with normal male‐fertile cytoplasm were tested. The entire PPR‐B gene was amplified, sequenced and allelic PPR‐B sequences were identified. The results indicated that the maintainer lines 7, 15 and 21 contained a non‐restoring form of PPR‐B protein. A unique PPR‐B was found in lines 24/15 and 31 that are restorer and maintainer lines, respectively. The substitutions might be responsible for the loss of a restoring function of the PPR‐B‐31 allele. Amplification of the PPR‐A/PPR‐B and PPR‐B/PPR‐C intergenic regions allowed to identify rearrangements within Rfo locus. Obtained results confirm the wide allelic variation within the Rfo locus, as well as high genetic complexity of the fertility restoration mechanism in radish. 相似文献
159.
Julia Cartelle Anna Pedr Roxana Savin Gustavo A. Slafer 《European Journal of Agronomy》2006,25(4):365-371
Average grain weight is a major yield component contributing to its variation, especially in Mediterranean regions where grain weight is frequently exposed to terminal stresses affecting grain growth. Most of the literature agrees that wheat grain growth is hardly limited by the source. However, no source–sink ratios studies seem to have been conducted in the Mediterranean region to determine to what degree wheat grain growth is actually limited by the source in these particular regions. We conducted two field experiments in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain), where an old cultivar (Anza) and a more recently released one (Soissons) were sown in a range of different nitrogen and water availabilities and sowing dates. This was to analyse the degree of source limitation for grain growth. Sink size was modified by removing half of the spikelets c. 10 days after anthesis, virtually doubling the availability of assimilates per grain effectively growing.
Trimming the spikes did not produce significant changes in grain growth rate or duration of grain filling. Consequently, grain weight did not respond noticeably to the reduction in sink demand and any eventual response has been far from representing a strong competition among grains during grain filling. 相似文献
160.
Book reviewed in this articles: Cereal Grain Protein Improvement. Shivanna, K. R., and B. M. Johri, The Angiosperm Pollen. Structure and Function. Gustafson, J. P., Gene Manipulation in Plant Improvement. Backer, A. W., Manual of Quantitative Genetics. Fishbeck, G., W. Plarre und W. Schuster (Hrag.) , Hoffmann , W., A. Plarre : Lehrbush der Züchtung landwirtschaftlicher Kulturflanzen, Bd. 2, Spezieller Teil, 2. Auflage. Dodds, J. H. (editor and author), Plant Genetic Engineering. Fiechter, A. (managing editor), Advanced in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. Vol. 31. Plant Cell Culture. 相似文献