Pyramiding of two bacterial blight resistance and a semidwarfing gene in Type 3 Basmati using marker-assisted selection

A traditional Type 3 Basmati rice cultivar grown in India is tall and lodges even under low nitrogen fertilizer dose. In addition to lodging, it is highly susceptible to several diseases and pests including bacterial blight (BB). BB resistance genes (Xa21 and xa13) and a semidwarfing gene (sd-1) were pyramided in Type 3 Basmati from a rice cultivar PR106-P2 using marker-assisted selection (MAS). Foreground selection for BB resistance genes, Xa21 and xa13 and reduced plant height gene, sd-1 was carried on the basis of linked molecular markers pTA248, RG136 and ‘h’, respectively. The BC₂F₃ progenies with both the BB resistance genes were highly resistant with lower lesion length than either of the genes individually. Background profiling of the selected 16 BC₂F₃ progenies was done using 95 anchored SSR and 12 ISSR markers. Among the selected 16 BC₂F₃ progenies, 38-5-2 and 38-5-36 closely clustered along with the recipient parent Type 3 Basmati showing above 85% genetic similarity with the same. Further selection was continued till F₅ generation for higher recovery for Type 3 Basmati characteristics. The desirable alleles of intermediate amylose content (wx) and aroma (fgr) loci of Type 3 Basmati were also tracked using the linked SSR markers. The BC₂F₅ pyramid lines T3-4, T3-5, T3-6 and T3-7 homozygous for the three target genes Xa21, xa13 and sd-1 from the donor parent with wx and fgr alleles of Type 3 Basmati had excellent cooking quality and strong aroma.     

Evaluation of resistance sources and inheritance of resistance in kidney bean to Indian virulences of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

Summary Forty nine common bean lines comprising of exotic accessions and locally grown cultivars evaluated against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum exhibited differential resistance to its races in Himachal Pradesh, a north-western Himalayan state of India. Some exotic accessions like G 2333, Cornell 49242, PI 207262, Mexique 222, TO, Perry Marrow, Kaboon and Widusa were resistant to more than five Indian races, whereas two Indian accessions KRC-5 and Hans showed resistance to six and four races, respectively. However, nine accessions KRC-8, KR-40, KR-43, KR-81, KR-62-2, KR-90, KR-142, KR-148, and KR-216 were resistant to three races. Race specific resistance has been observed in different bean cultivars. Studies on inheritance of resistance in exotic accession G 2333 and Indian accession, KRC-5 showed that two independent dominant genes conferred resistance in G 2333 to race 3 and 515 and a single dominant gene controlled resistance in KRC-5 to race 775, indicating resistance from these sources is easily transferable to the locally adapted susceptible cultivars.     

压气站出站管道温度对农作物的影响及解决措施

以西气东输豫皖管理处4座压气站为例,测量管道实际出站温度,得出了压气站出站温度影响农作物生长的事实.分析了通过改变冷却风扇的运行方式以降低出站温度这种传统方法的不足,提出了增加隔热层来降低出站温度对农作物生长影响的新方法.建立了管道隔热层模型,计算得出隔热层厚度宜为0.23 m,通过对比分析可知,每座压气站3年赔偿百姓的费用即超过了其增加隔热层的费用.最后,对于国内新建及已建压气站如何增加隔热层提出了合理建议.     

乡镇农村居民点布局优化研究——以重庆市黔江区石会镇为例

农村居民点是农村经济社会活动的中心区域,同时也是农民生活的场所和生产的基地.为了推进新农村建设,集约节约利用土地,统筹城乡发展,提高农民的生活水平,以黔江区石会镇为例,通过景观生态学理论和Mapgis空间分析技术,对2009年该镇的现状农村居民点用地进行分析,得出农村居民点的分布特征及存在的问题,并依据农村居民点优化布局的原则,提出了农村居民点合理布局的模式,为农村居民点的优化布局提供了具体的措施.     

黔北麻羊FABP3基因多态性及其与生长性状的相关性研究

旨在探究脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP3)基因在黔北麻羊中的遗传多态性,进一步揭示FABP3基因与黔北麻羊生长性状间的关联性,为今后运用分子标记辅助育种方法提高黔北麻羊的生长性状提供理论依据。本研究以120只6月龄黔北麻羊为试验对象,采用PCR产物直接测序技术检测FABP3基因全部外显子区的遗传多态性,并与体重、体高、体斜长、胸围、管围等生长性状进行关联性分析。结果:在黔北麻羊FABP3基因第5外显子和3′非翻译区筛选出2个SNPs位点,分别为g.13665051C>T和g.13664737G>A,其中g.13665051C>T位点为同义突变,产生3种基因型:CC、CT和TT,g.13664737G>A位点产生3种基因型:GG、AG和AA,卡方(χ²)检验结果显示,这2个SNPs位点处于中度多态且在黔北麻羊群体中均未偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05)。关联分析显示,g.13665051C>T位点中CT基因型个体的体高、体斜长、胸宽和管围显著高于CC和TT基因型个体(P<0.05);CT基因型个体的胸深、胸围显著高于TT基因型个体(P<0.05),g.13664737G>A位点中不同基因型的生长性状指标均未达到差异显著(P>0.05)。因此,推测黔北麻羊FABP3基因外显子5的g.13665051C>T突变位点可能是影响个体生长性状的重要位点。     

贵州地方山羊BMPR-ⅠB基因启动子区多态性及生物信息学分析

为探究骨形态发生蛋白受体ⅠB（bone morphogenetic protein receptor ⅠB，BMPR-ⅠB）基因启动子区多态性及其与繁殖性状的相关性，本试验以贵州3个地方山羊品种（黔北麻羊、贵州黑山羊及贵州白山羊）为研究对象，通过构建混合DNA池PCR产物直接测序技术筛选SNPs位点，并采用多种生物信息学软件预测SNPs位点对核心启动子区、CpG岛和转录因子结合位点的影响。结果显示，BMPR-ⅠB基因启动子区存在4个SNPs位点：g.29893005 T > C、g.29893016 C > T、g.29893729 C > G和g.29894370 C > T。生物信息学软件预测得到BMPR-ⅠB基因核心启动子区和CpG岛，SNPs位点导致转录因子结合位点发生改变，g.29893005 T > C和g.29893016 C > T突变使原来的转录因子结合位点Sp1消失；g.29893729 C > G突变使原来转录因子结合位点AP-1消失，从而产生新的转录因子结合位点USF；g.29894370 C > T突变产生新的转录因子结合位点C/EBPalp，使原来的转录因子结合位点Sp1改变为C/EBPalp和Sp1。由此推测，SNPs位点对调控启动子功能元件可能存在重要影响。     

黔北麻羊MC4R基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

【目的】探究黔北麻羊黑素皮质素受体-4（melanocortin receptor-4,MC4R）基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联性,为黔北麻羊的选种选育提供理论依据。【方法】选取196只6月龄黔北麻羊,利用DNA混合池结合Sanger测序筛选MC4R基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点,并采用SPSS 22.0软件中的一般线性模型（GLM）对MC4R基因SNP位点与黔北麻羊生长性状进行关联分析。【结果】在黔北麻羊MC4R基因中发现4个SNPs位点：g.59345469 C>A和g.59346773 T>C位点分别位于5'-和3'-端非编码区（UTR）;g.59345871 A>C位点突变导致第37位天冬氨酸（Asp）变为丙氨酸（Ala）,引起RNA二级结构及蛋白质二级结构、三级结构发生明显改变;g.59346263 A>G位点突变导致第168位异亮氨酸（Ile）变为缬氨酸（Val）,对RNA二级结构和蛋白质二级结构有明显影响。关联分析结果显示,g.59345469 C>A位点对黔北麻羊体重、胸围和管围均有显著影响（P<0.05）;g.59345871 A>C位点对黔北麻羊体重、体高、管围和胸围均有显著影响（P<0.05）;g.59346263 A>G位点对黔北麻羊体高、体重和胸围均有显著影响（P<0.05）;g.59346773 T>C位点对黔北麻羊体重和胸围均有显著影响（P<0.05）。4个SNPs位点联合共检测到9种单倍型和21种双倍型,其联合对黔北麻羊体重、体高、胸围和管围均产生显著遗传效应（P<0.05）,纯合双倍型H5H5（AAAAGGCC）个体的生长性状优于其他双倍型。【结论】黔北麻羊MC4R基因存在4个SNPs位点,与黔北麻羊体重和胸围均存在显著关联,可作为黔北麻羊体重和胸围的遗传标记用于分子育种。     

Lymphocyte Populations in Joint Tissues from Dogs with Inflammatory Stifle Arthritis and Associated Degenerative Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Objective: To evaluate lymphocyte populations in stifle synovium and synovial fluid of dogs with degenerative cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR). Study Design: Prospective clinical study. Animals: Dogs (n=25) with stifle arthritis and CCLR, 7 dogs with arthritis associated with cartilage degeneration (osteoarthritis [OA]), and 12 healthy Beagle dogs with intact CCL. Methods: Arthritis was graded radiographically in CCLR dogs. After collection of joint tissues, mononuclear cells were isolated and subsequently analyzed using flow cytometry for expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD21. Results: The proportions of CD4⁺ T helper lymphocytes, CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and CD3⁺CD4^?CD8^? T lymphocytes were increased in synovium from dogs with CCLR compared with synovium from healthy Beagle dogs (P<.05). The proportion of CD3⁺CD4^?CD8^? T lymphocytes in synovial fluid was increased in dogs with CCLR compared with dogs with OA (P<.05). In dogs with CCLR, the proportion of CD3⁺CD4^?CD8^? T lymphocytes in synovial fluid was inversely correlated with radiographic arthritis (S_R=?0.68, P<.005). Conclusion: Lymphocytic inflammation of stifle synovium and synovial fluid is an important feature of the CCLR arthropathy. Lymphocyte populations include T lymphocytes expressing CD4 and CD8, and CD3⁺CD4^?CD8^? T lymphocytes. Presence of CD3⁺CD4^?CD8^? T lymphocytes was associated with development of stifle synovitis. Further work is needed to fully identify the phenotype of these cells.     

In vivo efficacy of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) fruit extract on experimental fluoride exposure in rats

The study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of hydro-methanolic (1:1) extract of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) fruit pulp in removing body fluoride burden. Thirty rats were divided into five groups. Keeping no fluoride group as the control, rats of no treatment, low dose, middle dose and high dose groups received sodium fluoride orally at the rate of 200 mg per kg body weight daily for 14 weeks. Rats of low dose, middle dose and high dose group simultaneously received tamarind fruit pulp extract at three doses, viz. 25 (low), 50 (medium) and 100 mg (high) per kg body weight orally, respectively. Fluoride concentration in blood, urine and long bone of experimental rats was monitored to assess the efficacy of the extract. Mean serum fluoride concentration in fluoride exposed rats was 0.145 ± 0.009 and 0.783 ± 0.042 μg/ml on days 0 and 98. In comparison, fluoride concentrations in tamarind treated rats were 0.179 ± 0.021 and 0.633 ± 0.015; 0.179 ± 0.021 and 0.502 ± 0.025 and 0.176 ± 0.021 and 0.498 ± 0.030 μg/ml in low, medium and high dose groups, respectively on day 0 and day 98 of the experiment. There was a significant (p ? 0.01) increase in urinary fluoride excretion from day 28 onwards. The mean fluoride concentration in long bones of treated rats was significantly lower than the values recorded in fluoride exposed rats. These findings suggest that concomitant use of tamarind fruit pulp extract can reduce fluoride concentration in blood and bone and enhanced urinary excretion, indicating the ameliorative potential of fruits of tamarind in fluoride toxicity.     

Hyperlipidaemia in trypanosomiasis of naturally infected horses: possible cachexia–anorexia syndrome?

Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi commonly produces wasting disease with signs of emaciation and cachexia mainly at the end stage. The present study was conducted to explore the possible hyperlipaemia or hyperlipidaemia and its association with cachexia–anorexia in equine trypanosomiasis. Out of the fifteen confirmed animals, none of the plasma sample was opaque. There was a significant increase in plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen and a highly significant increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. A mild increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low-density lipoprotein levels were observed, while the relative percentage of HDL and LDL was altered with high significance. A moderate increase in triglyceride and highly significant increase in LDL might be the reasons for retention of appetite and lipolysis. Possible protein breakdown and presence of lipolysis might be the reasons for cachexia in equine trypanosomiasis.