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61.
Aptitude for mycorrhizal root colonization in Prunus rootstocks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cinta Calvet Victoria Estaún Amlia Camprubí Adriana Hernndez-Dorrego Jorge Pinochet María Angeles Moreno 《Scientia Horticulturae》2004,100(1-4):39-49
Eighteen Prunus rootstock cultivars were inoculated with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under greenhouse conditions in order to evaluate their affinity for mycorrhizal colonization. The rootstocks were peach–almond hybrids, peaches, plums and cherries of Spanish, French and Italian origin. Mycorrhizal colonization was low in plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe, and Glomus etunicatum Becker and Gerdemann. In contrast, Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith, proved to be the most infective endophyte, achieving the highest mycorrhizal colonization rate in most of the rootstocks evaluated. Species of Prunus insititia L. were the only botanical group to show a consistently high affinity for mycorrhizal colonization with G. intraradices. 相似文献
62.
Fingerprinting and genetic variability in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) elite trees using ISSR and SSR markers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aimara Löpez-Aljorna Maria Angeles Bueno Itziar Aguinagalde Juan Pedro Martín 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(7):773-779
Quercus suber L., is a socially, economically and ecologically important forest species in rural areas of the Mediterranean basin. Fifty three elite-trees from nine stands of four provenance regions in the Community of Extremadura (Spain) were analysed with the aim to establish their DNA-fingerprinting and the genetic relationships among them. Two types of molecular markers, microsatellites and intermicrosatellites, were used for tree genotyping. Microsatellite markers could distinguish 94% of the trees. Observed and expected heterozygosities, and effective number of alleles were correlated with the polymorphism information content (PIC). Intermicrosatellite patterns were used to construct a dendrogram. They showed high levels of genetic diversity in these elite trees, without any clear relationship with provenance regions. Both types of markers detected a high level of intra-stand variability, which is common in Quercus species, probably due to its mating system, the low distance among stands and the small size of stands. Others factors that could affect this result, such as introgression between Q. suber L. and Q. ilex L., are also commented. The high level of genetic variability detected in these elite trees can be useful for improvement programs. Also the usefulness of SSR and ISSR markers to establish the DNA-fingerprinting of each tree could be focused to select clonal lines of commercial interest. 相似文献
63.
Trichinella zimbabwensis in wild reptiles of Zimbabwe and Mozambique and farmed reptiles of Ethiopia
Pozio E Foggin CM Gelanew T Marucci G Hailu A Rossi P Morales MA 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,143(3-4):305-310
In 1995, a new species of Trichinella (Trichinella zimbabwensis) was discovered in farmed Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe, where the mode of transmission was the consumption of the meat of slaughtered crocodiles, used as feed. To determine whether T. zimbabwensis affects poikilotherm vertebrates in the wild, monitor lizards (Varanus niloticus) and Nile crocodiles were collected in Zimbabwe and Mozambique. In 5 (17.6%) of the 28 monitor lizards from Zimbabwe, T. zimbabwensis larvae were identified. For the wild Nile crocodiles from Mozambique, species-level identification was not possible, yet immunohistochemical analysis revealed that 8 (20%) of the 40 animals harboured non-encapsulated Trichinella sp. larvae, which probably belonged to T. zimbabwensis. This is the first report of T. zimbabwensis in wild reptiles, and the findings are consistent with reports that vertebrates with scavenger and cannibalistic behaviour are the most important hosts of Trichinella spp. The wide distribution of monitor lizards and crocodiles in Africa and the development of national crocodile breeding programs in many African countries should be taken into consideration when evaluating the risk of transmission of this parasite to mammals, including humans. 相似文献
64.
Angeles Adn Pedro Del Estal Flor Budia Manuel Gonzlez Elisa Viuela 《Pest management science》1996,48(3):261-268
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of the naturally derived compound spinosad on Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera, Tephritidae). The organophosphate fenthion was used as a standard. Direct dose-dependent mortality and reduced fecundity were observed in oral treatment of adults with spinosad. The LC90 values 14 h and seven days after treatment were 19·50 and 0·49 mg litre−1 respectively. Fenthion was less active (the LC50 eight days after treatment was 1·17 mg litre−1) and did not affect the fecundity of the fly. Adults were also very susceptible to spinosad and fenthion via residual contact. For spinosad, 100% mortality was recorded 48 h after treatment for a dose of 10 mg litre−1. Spinosad was more effective than fenthion in suppressing larval development when neonate larvae were reared on treated diet supplemented with a range of concentrations from 0·02 to 0·83 mg kg−1 diet. Last-instar larvae were much less susceptible to spinosad or fenthion when exposed via dipping or when they pupated in treated medium and both products had similar performance. A lack of ovicidal activity was observed in direct egg-treatments with spinosad but significant reductions from 1 mg litre−1 onwards were recorded for fenthion. 相似文献
65.
Effect of fungicide residues on the aromatic composition of white wine inoculated with three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
García MA Oliva J Barba A Cámara MA Pardo F Díaz-Plaza EM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(5):1241-1247
The effects of three fungicide residues (cyprodinil, fludioxonil, and pyrimethanil) on the aromatic composition (acids, alcohols, and esters) of Vitis vinifera white wines (var. Airén) inoculated with three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (syn. bayanus, cerevisiae, and syn. uvarum) are studied. The aromatic exponents were extracted and concentrated by adsorption-thermal desorption and were determined by gas chromatography using a mass selective detector. The addition of the three fungicides at different doses (1 and 5 mg/L) produces significant differences in the acidic fraction of the aroma, especially in the assays inoculated with S. cerevisiae, although the final contents do not exceed the perception thresholds. The lower quality wines, according to isomeric alcohol content [(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and 3-(methylthio)propan-1-ol] are those obtained by inoculation with S. cerevisiae(syn. bayanus) and addition of cyprodinil. The addition of fungicides in the assays inoculated with S. cerevisiae (syn. bayanus) produces an increase in the ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate contents, which causes a decrease in the sensorial quality of the wine obtained. 相似文献
66.
M. Angeles Forner-Giner Francisco Legaz Eduardo Primo-Millo Juan Forner 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1437-1452
This study assesses the nutritional behavior of the new citrus rootstocks Forner-Alcaide no.5 (FA-5) and Forner-Alcaide no.13 (FA-13) under saline conditions compared to that of their parents, Cleopatra mandarin (CM) and Poncirus trifoliata (PT). Eighteen month-old plants grafted with Valencia orange scions were used in the experiment. The plants were grown in a greenhouse and irrigated over an eight-week period with nutrient solutions to which different amounts of sodium chloride (NaCl) had been added, namely 0, 20, 40 and 60 mM. Relative growth and the uptake of major mineral elements [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)] were then determined. It was noted that the reduction in relative growth caused by salt treatment was greater in plants grafted on PT than those on FA-13, FA-5 and CM. Increasing the salt level in the growth medium reduced the absorption of the above mineral elements in all scion-rootstock combinations. However, this decrease was generally more marked in plants grafted on PT than in those on CM and FA-5. Plants on FA-13 showed an intermediate behavior. Positive correlations were found between growth and mineral element uptake by salt treated plants. Nutrient uptake was also plotted against chloride (Cl) and sodium (Na) concentrations in leaves and roots at increasing salt levels. This showed that N absorption was closely correlated (inversely) with Cl content in leaves, whereas K, Ca and Mg uptakes were correlated (inversely) with Na concentration in roots. This suggests that the accumulation of saline ions impacts growth and nutrient uptake by citrus plants. 相似文献
67.
M.G. Prado-Ochoa P. Ramírez-Noguera R. Díaz-Torres G.I. Garrido-Fariña V.H. Vázquez-Valadez A.M. Velázquez-Sánchez M.A. Muñoz-Guzmán E. Angeles F. Alba-Hurtado 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(3-4):215-224
The effects produced by the new synthetic carbamates ethyl-(4-bromophenyl) carbamate and ethyl-(4-chlorophenyl) carbamate on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, egg structure and reproductive organs of two Rhipicephalus microplus strains were evaluated. Inhibition kinetic parameters showed that the studied carbamates are weak inhibitors and have a low affinity for R. microplus AChE. Histologically, in oocytes from carbamate-treated engorged female ticks, a loss of shape, cytoplasmic vacuoles, decreased chorion deposition, alterations in cytoplasmic granularity and irregular membranes were observed. In oocyte germinal vesicles, a loss of shape, nucleolar fragmentation and membrane alterations with degenerative signs were observed. The ovarian epithelium was vacuolated, flattened, eroded and contained pyknotic nuclei. These alterations were observed from the first day and persisted and increased in severity until day 7 post-treatment. The ovaries from carbamate-treated ticks had fewer stage IV–V oocytes and more stage I–II oocytes. Additionally, eggs produced by the treated ticks had a modified appearance, decreased size, a reduced superficial waxy layer and a loss of viability. The results of this study show that the effects of carbamates on R. microplus were independent of AChE inhibition and show that the morphological alterations in the reproductive organs were due to carbamate actions on the vitellogenesis and viability of the ovarian cells. 相似文献
68.
Hernanz D Recamales AF Meléndez-Martínez AJ González-Miret ML Heredia FJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(8):2735-2741
Apart from the need to assess the color of foods due to its preponderant role in their acceptability, there is currently a new trend consisting in the study of the relationships between the color and the pigments accounting for it. The color of five strawberry varieties cultivated in two different soilless systems has been studied, and an array of multivariate statistical methods have been performed to single out the color parameters that best discriminate among the different samples surveyed and to correlate them with the pigment content. It is concluded that there is not a direct relationship between the external and flesh colorations of the berries. Additionally, after discriminant methods were applied, it was noticed that, taking into account the strawberry varieties, >90% of the cases could be correctly classified, a noticeably lower percentage of correct classification (around 60%) being obtained when the type of cultivation system was selected as the criterion for discrimination. The best correlations of pigment-color coordinates were found between pelargonidin-3-rutinoside and the external a* (r= -0.87) followed by pelargonidin-3-glucoside and the internal L* (r= -0.72). 相似文献
69.
Valente AL Cuenca R Zamora MA Parga ML Lavin S Alegre F Marco I 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(8):1347-1353
OBJECTIVE: To compare cross-sectional anatomic specimens with images obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the coelomic structures of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). ANIMALS: 5 clinically normal live turtles and 5 dead turtles. PROCEDURES: MRI was used to produce T1- and T2- weighted images of the turtles, which were compared with gross anatomic sections of 3 of the 5 dead turtles. The other 2 dead turtles received injection with latex and were dissected to provide additional cardiovascular anatomic data. RESULTS: The general view on the 3 oriented planes provided good understanding of cross-sectional anatomic features. Likewise, major anatomic structures such as the esophagus, stomach, lungs, intestine (duodenum and colon), liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, urinary bladder, heart, bronchi, and vessels could be clearly imaged. It was not possible to recognize the ureters or reproductive tract. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: By providing reference information for clinical use, MRI may be valuable for detailed assessment of the internal anatomic structures of loggerhead sea turtles. Drawbacks exist in association with anesthesia and the cost and availability of MRI, but the technique does provide excellent images of most internal organs. Information concerning structures such as the pancreas, ureters, intestinal segments (jejunum and ileum), and the reproductive tract is limited because of inconsistent visualization. 相似文献
70.
Maria Angeles Gmez‐Morales Giovanni Mazzarello Elisabetta Bondi Laura Arenare Maria Cristina Bisso Alessandra Ludovisi Marco Amati Claudio Viscoli Elio Castagnola Giovanni Orefice Federica Magn Patrizio Pezzotti Edoardo Pozio 《Zoonoses and public health》2021,68(1):29-37
Trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease due to the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat from animals infected with the larvae of nematodes belonging to the genus Trichinella. In January–February 2015, an outbreak of trichinellosis occurred in Genoa, Northern Italy. The epidemiological link was traced back to a dinner served at an agritourism farm on 31 December 2014, where a majority of the 52 guests had consumed the ‘beef’ steak tartare. The source of infection was not traced; however, it was noted that the amount of beef purchased officially for providing at the dinner did not correspond with that served, suggesting that meat of a different origin had been added to the beef to prepare the steak tartare. Clinical and laboratory data of 30 individuals out of the 52 (57.7%), of which four were hospitalized, were consistent with that of the case definition of trichinellosis. Western blot patterns of the sera from patients with confirmed trichinellosis were similar to the diagnostic pattern identified for the reference sera of Trichinella pseudospiralis but different from those of the control sera tested for patients infected with Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella britovi. Identification of T. pseudospiralis as the aetiological agent responsible for the outbreak of trichinellosis using an indirect tool represents an advancement in the epidemiological investigation of this zoonotic disease. 相似文献