番茄灰霉病分子诊断方法研究

为提供番茄灰霉病的早期诊断技术,应用其病原菌灰葡萄孢种特异片段P729分子标志,建立了PCR检测方法,并进行了实验室和大田现场标本的评价。结果显示番茄灰霉病的分子诊断方法在实验室具有特异、稳定和可靠的特点。比较6种抽提基因组DNA的方法,方法B效果理想。应用建立的分子诊断方法可从0.2μg灰葡萄孢菌丝中获得阳性扩增,具有相当高的灵敏性;大田样本的检测结果说明该方法可用于番茄灰霉病的早期诊断。     

草鱼肠系膜脂肪组织高质量总RNA提取方法的研究

基于传统的酸性酚—异硫氰酸胍—氯仿一步提取法,比较分析多种优化操作步骤,摸索出一种高质量提取体质量为80～150 g草鱼肠系膜脂肪组织总RNA的改良方法.试验结果显示,相较于肝脏、脾脏、肠道等脏器组织,草鱼肠系膜脂肪组织RNA丰度低,且极易在样品前处理阶段出现顽固性降解问题.探索发现,将取样量增至约30 mg,可提升R...     

高溶氧对闭合养殖系统中生物滤器功能的影响

研究了在封闭式循环养殖系统中,不同溶氧水平对生物滤器功能的影响及对大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus幼鱼生长的影响。结果表明：当水中溶氧（DO）为10．11mg／L（B组）和11．91mg／L（C组）时,生物滤器功能建立仅需要8d时间,比对照组（A组,充空气）提前4d;当水中总氨氮（TNH3-N）浓度为0．696mg／L时,B2组（DO为12．11mg／L±0．52mg／L）24h对TNH3-N的总去除率为89．60％,比对照A2组早6h降低到0．2mg／L以下;30d的饲养结果表明,高溶氧可以提高大菱鲆幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率和饲料转化率;当水中TNH3-N浓度为0．700mg／L（H组）时,在高溶氧下饲养的大菱鲆幼鱼各项生长指标均与对照D组无显著差异（P〉0．05）。     

东江1号大麦的选育与高产栽培技术

东江1号是如东县农业技术推广中心与如东中江种业有限公司合作,通过杂交选育的大麦新品种,杂交组合为如东5号92615.     

Detection of arboviruses in Culicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected from animal farms in the border areas of Yunnan Province,China

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides(order Diptera, family Ceratopogonidae) are potential biological vectors for the transmission of certain arboviruses among humans, livestock, and wild animals. This study collected a total of 405 Culicoides individuals from seven animal farms located in five counties in the border areas of Yunnan Province, China, and examined the Culicoides species composition and the major arboviruses carried by the Culicoides species. The collected Culicoides were classified into seven species with variable abundances: Culicoides arakawae(5.43%, 22/405), Culicoides homotomus(1.23%, 5/405), Culicoides obsoletus(19.75%, 80/405), Culicoides orientalis(17.28%, 70/405), Culicoides oxystoma(29.38%, 119/405), Culicoides peregrinus(5.68%, 23/405), and Culicoides nipponensis(21.23%, 86/405). Among the seven species, C. oxystoma and C. nipponensis were distributed in all the five counties with abundances of 13.33–44.87% and 10.00–46.83%, respectively, suggesting that these were the dominant species of Culicoides widespread on animal farms in the border areas. PCR was used to detect major arboviruses in the collected Culicoides specimens, including bluetongue virus(BTV), Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, African swine fever virus, and African horse sickness virus. Among the tested viruses, only BTV serotype 1 was tested positive in C. oxystoma specimens collected from a buffalo farm. Culicoides oxystoma was the dominant species on animal farms in the sampled areas, but it has not previously been documented as positive for BTV in China. The current results thus suggest that C. oxystoma could be an important vector for BTV transmission in these border areas, which, however, needs to be confirmed by further comprehensive experiments. Overall, the present study provides the first profile of Culicoides species on animal farms in the China, Vietnam, and Myanmar border areas, establishes the prevalence of arboviruses carried by these Culicoides species, and suggests the vector potential of C. oxystoma species for the transmission of BTV.     

青海云杉容器育苗技术

介绍了青海云杉容器育苗从容器选择、基质配制、种子处理及播种苗抚育管理的技术要点,并与苗床育苗作了对比,表明容器育苗在提高苗木品质,缩短育苗周期方面表现良好。     

黄河岸边盐碱地罗氏沼虾养殖技术

黄河岸边低洼易涝盐碱地面积大,水体pH值较高。介绍了盐碱地养殖罗氏沼虾技术。单养罗氏沼虾产量可达4500 kg/hm2,收入75000元/hm2;鱼虾混养,虾产量可达3300 kg/hm2,收入52500元/hm2。黄河两岸低洼盐碱地养殖罗氏沼虾,对增加低洼易涝盐碱地养殖新品种、扩大养殖面积、增加农渔民的收入有较好的推动作用。     

四种禾草补播"黑土型"退化草地效果的初步观测

在玉树藏族自治州囊谦县东坝乡“黑土型”退化草地上补种了披碱草(ElymusnutansGriseb)、老芒麦(E.sibiricusL)、草地早熟禾(PoapratensisL)和中华羊茅(Festucasinensiskeng)四种牧草,补种当年均处于营养生长,不能完成生育期,第二年平均每公顷产干草6839kg~9407kg,适应性强,越冬性良好,是改良“黑土型”退化草地的优良牧草。     

天峻县北部地区畜牧业发展思考

天峻县北部地区因受气候干旱、鼠虫危害等因素的影响,畜牧业生产逐年下降,通过对存在问题的分析,提出了北部地区今后走退牧还草或休牧育草路子的设想。     

无乳链球菌GD201008-001二元调控系统RscSR的鉴定及其对细菌应激适应性和毒力特性的影响

为鉴定鱼源无乳链球菌GD201008-001二元调控系统(two-component system, TCS)RscSR并探究其功能,实验利用生物信息学方法预测到可能的RscSR,对其组成成分RscS和RscR的三维结构和保守结构域进行分析;构建基因缺失株ΔrscSR与互补株CΔrscSR,测定细菌的生长曲线,检测其耐酸应激、耐氧化应激、抗巨噬细胞吞噬和胞内存活能力,同时测定其对巨噬细胞的毒性和对小鼠的毒力。结果显示,RscSR具有典型的TCS结构特点,其中RscS具有组氨酸激酶结构域,RscR具有反应调节子结构;其编码基因缺失后,菌株耐酸、耐氧化、抗巨噬细胞吞噬和胞内存活能力及对巨噬细胞毒性均显著降低,而将该基因回补后各项能力均有所恢复;动物实验结果显示,野生株感染小鼠19 h内全部死亡,而ΔrscSR缺失株感染小鼠全部死亡时间为48 h。研究表明,RscSR在无乳链球菌应激适应性以及毒力方面发挥重要作用。