浅淡灌溉行业网络化发展

本文主要论述灌溉行业发展所应注意的问题及面对 2 1世纪网络化发展所应采取的步骤     

Qualitative resistance of Hevea to Phyllachora huberi P. Henn

Qualitative observations of Hevea spp. resistance to Phyllachora huberi were carried out on 200 clones in a collection and 21 full-sib progenies under natural conditions of infestation. A total of 42 clones, mostly originating from the natural range of the Hevea genus, and at least two species (H. brasiliensis and H. benthamiana) revealed total resistance to the parasite. For nine of the thirteen `resistant ×susceptible' and `resistant × resistant' progenies studied, the ratio of susceptible: resistant plants suggested the existence of a total resistance mechanism produced by a dominant allele at a single locus for the P. huberi race(s) present at the study site. For three of the progenies involving the same resistant parent, it was possible to locate the gene (called Phr) at 14.7 cm from the adhisozyme locus. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

咯菌腈对西瓜幼苗生长及抗病性相关酶活性的影响

 测定了有效成分为咯菌腈的2.5%适乐时悬浮种衣剂包衣处理西瓜种子后对种子发芽、幼苗生长及其植株体内抗病性相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,种衣剂包衣对种子发芽率以及幼苗的子叶宽度、侧根数和百株鲜重无显著影响;幼苗子叶长度和株高分别增加了4.8%和7.5%,植株体内丙二醛的积累量下降了7.7%,可溶性蛋白含量增加了2.2%;过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的含量分别较对照提高了62.9%、46.5%、35.6%和44.1%,与对照相比,差异显著。说明咯菌腈处理西瓜种子后发芽安全,并能促进幼苗生长,提高抗病性相关酶的活性。     

Anti-leishmanial and immunomodulatory activities of extracts from Portulaca hirsutissima and Portulaca werdermannii

Ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts from aerial parts of Portulaca werdermannii and P. hirsutissima were tested in lymphoproliferation assays and axenic cultures of Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. Both extracts of P. werdermannii and P. hirsutissima had a potent inhibitory activity on lymphocyte proliferation. On the contrary, only the chloroformic extract of both plants inhibited L. amazonensis growth, without effect on T. cruzi cultures. These results indicate these Portulaca species as potential sources of new active molecules for the treatment of leishmaniasis and immune-mediated pathologies.     

简易节水灌溉房屋技术比较

简易节水灌溉房是农业节水灌溉的重要设施。介绍了活动板房、集成式房屋、砖混房屋及厢式灌溉车4种房屋类型的特点，并对其性能进行对比分析，经过综合比较，推荐厢式灌溉车作为简易节水灌溉房的首选，并建议有关部门加大问题灌溉房的改造力度。      

Effects of fish CYP inducers on difloxacin <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-demethylation in kidney cell of Chinese idle (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharyngodon idellus</Emphasis>)

A drug–drug interaction occurs when the effect of one drug is altered by the presence of another drug which is generally associated with the induction of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) activity. Thus, unexpected treatment failures often happen resulting from inappropriate coadministration in fisheries. However, little information is available about CYP induction in fish. The reaction of difloxacin (DIF) biotransformation to sarafloxacin (SAR) belongs to N-demethylation catalyzed mainly by CYP(s). In order to supply useful information on CYP induction, the present study assessed the effects of fish-specific CYP inducers on DIF N-demethylation and enzyme kinetics in kidney cell of Chinese idle (CIK; grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)) by RP-HPLC. Results demonstrated that the amounts of SAR formation and enzymatic parameters Clint and Vmax were significantly increased due to β-naphthoflavone (BNF) pretreatment. Therefore, we suggest that CYP1A may be involved in DIF N-demethylation in CIK. This study provides instructive information to ensure treatment success via avoiding CYP induction in fisheries.     

Effect of intravenous injecting plasmid encoding interleukin-19-IgG on experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats

AIM: To evaluate the effect of intravenous injecting plasmid encoding interleukin-19-IgG on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in rats.METHODS: Cardiac myosin was emulsified with equal volume of complete Freund's adjuvant. The animal model of EAM was established by injecting with the preparation in both footpads of the Lewis rats. The rats were intravenously injected with the plasmid encoding IL-19-IgG on day 6. Echocardiography was performed before the rats were sacrificed on day 17. The effect of IL-19-IgG plasmid injection was evaluated by measuring the heart weight/body weight, myocarditis area, relative expression levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the hearts. The mRNA expression levels of related cytokines including IL-18, IL-1β, IL-12p35 and IFN-γ were detected.RESULTS: The rats in model group showed significant myocardial damage and a decrease in the left ventricular functions. The rats in the treatment group injected with IL-19-IgG plasmid showed an improvement of the cardiac functions. The ratio of heart weight/body weight, the area of myocarditis and the mRNA levels of ANP and BNP were significantly lower in IL-19-IgG treatment group than those in model group. The mRNA levels of IL-18, IL-1β, IL-12p35 and IFN-γ were also significantly decreased in IL-19-IgG treatment group.CONCLUSION: Intravenous injection of plasmid encoding IL-19-IgG effectively prevents the development of the left ventricular remodeling and myocardial damage in EAM rats.     

彩色马铃薯块茎膨大过程中多酚及抗氧化活性分析

为研究马铃薯块茎膨大过程中多酚化合物及抗氧化活性的变化规律,以7个马铃薯品种(系)‘CQP1505’‘CQB1540’‘CQB1508’‘CQR1501’‘CQR1509’‘费物瑞它F’和‘夏波蒂S’为材料,分析马铃薯块茎发育对总酚、花青素、绿原酸质量分数及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,在块茎膨大过程中,不同马铃薯材料间总酚质量分数变化趋势差异较大,其中,‘CQB1508’和‘CQR1501’分别降低32.18%和13.10%,‘费物瑞它F’和‘夏波蒂S’分别升高56.12%和15.49%,其他材料的变化则较平缓;彩色马铃薯花青素质量分数随块茎膨大降低7.63%~44.88%;所有马铃薯材料的绿原酸质量分数随块茎发育降低21.42%~45.85%。总酚质量分数与块茎膨大无直接关系,而花青素和绿原酸质量分数均随块茎膨大而下降。品种(系)间比较表明,‘CQP1505’和‘CQR1501’总酚、花青素、绿原酸质量分数均显著高于‘CQB1540’‘CQB1508’和‘CQR1509’,极显著高于黄色马铃薯‘费物瑞它F’和白色马铃薯‘夏波蒂S’,彩色马铃薯的抗氧化活性为黄色和白色马铃薯的1.37~3.26倍。总之,紫色马铃薯品系‘CQP1505’和红色马铃薯品系‘CQR1501’均可作为高抗氧化活性马铃薯品种选育的材料。     

旅游规划学授课模式的探索与改进

旅游规划学是一门实践和理论紧密结合的交叉学科。计算机辅助背景下的师生互动是最能激发学生学习兴趣、加深理论理解的环节,尤其是让学生尝试建立略有挑战性的地理模型,可极大地提升学生的实践能力。将会读模式引入教学中,也收到了良好的课堂效果。该文主要分析了多媒体技术和会读模式在旅游规划学授课中的探索与应用。