Effects of Dietary Digestible Protein and Energy Levels on Growth Performance,Feed Utilization,and Body Composition of Juvenile Permit,Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

A 9‐wk study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein and energy on growth performance of juvenile permit, Trachinotus falcatus, growing from approximately 30 to 150 g. Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three levels of crude protein (400, 450, and 500 g/kg dry matter [DM]); and three levels of crude lipid (100, 200, and 300 g/kg DM) in a 3 × 3 factorial design. Growth rate and feed efficiency were significantly improved with increasing dietary protein levels from 400 to 500 g/kg and with dietary lipid levels from 100 to 200 g/kg. Fish body protein content was positively correlated with dietary ratio of digestible protein (DP) to digestible energy (DE) (P < 0.01, R² = 0.83), while body lipid was negatively correlated with dietary DP/DE (R² = 0.55, P < 0.05) but positively correlated with dietary DE levels (R² = 0.66, P < 0.01). Results showed a protein‐sparing effect, as protein retention was significantly increased by increasing dietary lipid level. In conclusion, the diet containing DP of 392.7 g/kg and DE of 18.8 MJ/kg (DM), corresponding to a DP/DE of 20.9 g/MJ, is suggested as an optimal feed for growth and feed efficiency in juvenile permit.     

基于SEBAL模型的农牧交错区蒸散演变及生态需水规律

[目的]对典型农牧交错区的蒸散格局、演变特征及其生态系统需水规律进行研究,为区域生态治理和水资源管理提供科学依据。[方法]以宁夏回族自治区盐池县为例,选择2000—2017年的4期Landsat遥感数据和气象资料等辅助数据,利用SEBAL模型反演该县不同时期秋季初的日蒸散,结合同期土地利用类型数据进行分析研究。[结果]①秋季初的日蒸散量由2000年的0.89 mm/d增加到了2017年的1.71 mm/d,增幅为92.1%,增强趋势显著。②日蒸散具有较强的空间异质性,总体呈南高北低的格局,尤以东南部的黄土丘陵区蒸散最高;近17 a蒸散的年增幅也表现出南高北低的特征,但不同时段的年增幅空间格局存在较大差异。③不同地类的蒸散存在差异,耕地、林地和草地的平均蒸散量分别为1.42,1.33,1.27 mm/d,但蒸散量年增幅最大的是草地。④近17 a盐池县生态需水总量和各地类的生态需水量都在增加,各地类生态需水量由高到低依次是草地、耕地和林地,但单位生态需水量最高的是耕地,最小的是草地;近17 a耕地和林地的生态需水量占总生态需水量的比例在下降,而草地生态需水量的比例则呈上升趋势。[结论]在盐池县大力实行生态治理工程的背景下,区域蒸散显著增强,植被生态系统的需水量明显增加,不同地类的蒸散和需水结构也发生变化。     

石灰及其后效对玉米吸收重金属影响的田间实例研究

通过田间试验方法,研究了在铅锌矿废水污染的土壤上施用石灰1 a后,继续施用石灰和石灰后效处理对后续第1、2季低累积玉米（Zea mays）的产量以及重金属Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量的影响,并分析了土壤pH、土壤DTPA提取态重金属含量和土壤重金属全量的变化。结果表明,连续施用石灰和石灰后效均显著提高玉米产量,其中连续施用石灰处理效果最佳,第1季籽粒产量是对照（无石灰）的6倍,第2季是对照的3.8倍。与对照相比,连续施用石灰处理显著降低了2季玉米籽粒Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量,石灰后效只能降低第2季玉米茎叶Cd、Pb和Cu含量,而籽粒Cd、Pb含量与对照相比略有升高,说明石灰后效能维持一年半左右。对照处理土壤Cd和Zn全量显著低于石灰处理,可能是土壤中Cd和Zn随着雨水的淋洗向下层迁移造成的。施用石灰可防止Cd和Zn对地下水的污染。     

鹅DHRS7基因克隆、序列分析及其在鹅肥肝形成过程中的表达特点

为获得鹅DHRS7基因全长cDNA,并探讨该基因是否参与鹅肥肝的形成过程。本研究应用抑制消减杂交文库获得鹅DHRS7基因部分EST序列,采用RACE技术扩增了鹅该基因全长cDNA,并对其序列进行了生物信息分析;用荧光定量PCR技术检测了DHRS7在鹅肝脏、皮脂、腹脂等10个组织中的差异表达,以及填饲对鹅肝脏中DHRS7表达变化的影响。结果发现,鹅DHRS7基因cDNA全长1 279bp,含一个完整的开放阅读框1 011bp(可编码336个氨基酸),25bp的5′UTR和243bp的3′UTR序列;生物信息学分析结果显示,鹅DHRS7含有跨膜结构域以及NADP结合位点,且在这些功能区域变异较少;荧光定量结果显示,DHRS7在鹅肝脏和脂肪组织中都有较高表达,填饲后鹅肝脏中DHRS7的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,DHRS7在鹅肥肝形成过程中具有重要的作用。     

K326和云烟87在湘南烟区农艺特性及产质量差异性研究

在相同栽培技术和烘烤措施等条件下,对烟叶品种K326和云烟87进行了对比栽培试验。结果表明:云烟87的株高、茎围、节距均大于K326,但有效叶片数少于后者;两个品种烟叶的外观质量都表现较好;主要化学成分含量之间无显著差异,且都合符安徽中烟"黄山"香烟对浓香型烟叶质量的指标要求;云烟87的中上等烟的比例比K326高4.4%;K326的平均产量为2 614.95kg/hm2,比云烟87高333.75 kg/hm2;平均产值为43 610.9 kg/hm2,比云烟87高1 024.1元/hm2。     

Feed or food responsible for the presence of low-level thiouracil in urine of livestock and humans?

In recent years, questions have been raised on the possible semi-endogenous status of the alleged xenobiotic thyreostatic drug thiouracil; thiouracil has been detected in the urine of various animals (livestock and domesticated) at concentrations between 1 and 10 μg L(-1) and also in human urine. Although several studies suggest Brassicaceae-derived feed as potential origin, no traces of thiouracil have been detected in feed so far. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the origin of thiouracil in the urine of livestock and humans. To this purpose various Brassicaceae feed and food sources (e.g., rapeseed, rapeseed coarse meal, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli) were investigated for the presence of thiouracil. In addition, the impact of the Brassicaceae-related β-thioglucosidase enzyme was evaluated. This myrosinase enzyme appeared to be crucial, because without its catalyzed hydrolysis no thiouracil could be detected in the various Brassicaceae-derived samples. Therefore, a sample pretreatment with incorporated enzymatic hydrolysis was developed after ensuring the quality performance of the extracted myrosinase mixture with a single-point glucose assay. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis and LC-MS(2) analysis, thiouracil was successfully detected in samples of traditional rapeseed, rapeseed-'00' variety coarse meal (values of erucic acid <2% and glucosinolates <25 μmol g(-1)), and rapeseed cake at 1.5, 1.6, and 0.4 μg kg(-1), respectively. As for the food samples, broccoli and cauliflower displayed thiouracil concentrations of 6.0 and <1.0 μg kg(-1), respectively. To the best of the authors' knowledge this study is the first to report the presence of naturally occurring thiouracil in feed and food samples. Future research should investigate the pathway of thiouracil formation and identify its possible precursors.     

Production and Identification of Clone Sheep Using Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Donor Cell

In order to obtain the cloned sheep using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs）as the donor cells,the BMSCs of sheep were chosen and reconstructed embryos were built to transfer.10 published microsatellite markers were chosen,and the DNA samples from clone sheep,donor cells and surrogate ewes were amplified,and the relationship of father-son（RCP）was analyzed using the Quantity One for genotyping.The results showed that the reconstructed embryos were successfully built for electric fusion using sheep BMSCs as nuclear donor,and making nuclear transplantation into enucleated mature oocytes of which the fusion rate was 80.62%.20 surrogate ewe were chosen to be implanted with the reconstructed embryos at morula stage by implant surgery,and 5 lambs were born and only 3 were survived.The genotype of cloned sheep was in line with the dornor cell and the RCP were more than 99.999%.In conclusion,the first clone sheep were obtained successfully by using BMSCs as a nuclear donor in this experiment.     

蚕沙不同溶剂萃取物的抑菌活性

采用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次对蚕沙70％乙醇粗提物进行萃取，对不同溶剂萃取物的化学成分进行预试，采用药敏纸片法测定了不同萃取物分别对停乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、乳房链球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌的抑菌活性。结果表明，各萃取物的抑菌活性由强到弱的顺序为；乙酸乙酯相〉石油醚相〉氯仿相〉正丁醇相，主要抑菌活性成分为香豆素／内酯和黄酮类／酚类。