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11.
Toshihiro NADE Kazuhisa FUJITA Masashi FUJII Masaya YOSHIDA Teikichi HARYU Satsuki MISUMI Toshiaki OKUMURA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(5):513-517
An X‐ray computed tomography (CT) system for live standing cattle was developed for studying the meat yield, carcass composition and so on. The gantry contained three X‐ray tubes and detectors that corresponded to each X‐ray tube. The system was able to operate while the animal remained standing. The scan area had a diameter of 900 mm. The Musculus longissimus and Musculus trapezius areas, and the back fat thickness in the CT image were evaluated and compared to the actual cross‐section of the carcass using eight cattle. The differences among the muscles, and the subcutaneous and intermuscular fat were easily recognized. The correlation coefficient between the CT image and the actual carcass photograph of the M. longissimus area and the back fat thickness was high (r = 0.84, r = 0.93, P < 0.01). The present study demonstrated that muscle, fat and bone can be clearly imaged from a live standing animal using X‐ray equipment. 相似文献
12.
Kuroishi T Komine K Kai K Itagaki M Kobayashi J Ohta M Kamata S Kumagai K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(8):899-906
To investigate the pathological role of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) in bovine mastitis, the production of SEs and TSST-1 was investigated in staphylococci isolated from 120 mammary gland secretions (MGS, 51 from no clinical sign-mammary glands and 69 from staphylococcal mastitic-mammary glands) collected from dairy farms where staphylococcal mastitis frequently occurred in Miyagi and Yamagata prefectures from 1997 to 1998. Concentrations of these toxins and specific antibody titers in each MGS were also measured. Furthermore, SEC and TSST-1 were inoculated into lactating mammary glands and inflammatory responses were analyzed. A high percentage of staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from both no clinical sign- and mastitic-MGS produced both SEC and/or TSST-1. The concentration of SEC increased with the severity of the mastitis, and was significantly higher (P<0.05) in acute mastitic-than in no clinical signs-MGS. Titers of specific antibodies to TSST-1 in MGS were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those to SEC, regardless of whether or not the cows were lactating or mastitic. Specific antibodies purified from MGS neutralized each toxin in vitro. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in somatic cell counts was induced by the intramammary inoculation of SEC but not TSST-1. These findings indicated that SEC rather than TSST-1 plays an important role in the pathology of staphylococcal bovine mastitis. The inflammatory activity of TSST-1 was probably neutralized by specific antibodies in MGS. 相似文献
13.
14.
Rhodococcus equi strains of intermediate virulence (IMV) for mice possess a 20kDa protein designated Virulence Associated Protein B (VapB) and a virulence plasmid of 79-100kb, and can be recovered from the submaxillary lymph nodes of pigs. The pathogenicity of such R. equi strains for foals is unknown. In this study, two foals, 42 and 43 days of age, were infected intratracheally with 10(6) and 10(9) cells of R. equi IMV strain A5, respectively. The foal infected with 10(9) cells of strain A5 became clinically ill, with the onset of illness (pyrexia and depression) occurring 21 days after inoculation. R. equi was isolated from the feces and tracheal washings of the foal from 14 to 28 days after inoculation. The foal infected with 10(6) cells of A5 showed no clinical signs, and no R. equi was isolated from any of the samples of feces or tracheal washings during the 28 days of observation. Two foals of 45 and 50 days of age were infected with 10(5) or 10(6) of virulent R. equi ATCC 33701 having 15-17kDa surface proteins designated VapA. Both exhibited severe clinical signs (pyrexia, depression and anorexia) at 12 and 13 days after inoculation. Histopathological examination revealed that strain A5 caused focal granulomatous pneumonia in the foals. R. equi IMV strain A5 was isolated from lung lesions of both foals and from the contents of the intestinal tracts of the foal infected with 10(9) bacteria. These results suggest that IMV R. equi having VapB is less virulent than virulent R. equi having VapA in foals. This finding supports our previous results on the pathogenicities of R. equi strains having these virulence-associated antigens assessed by mouse pathogenicity tests. 相似文献
15.
Optimal application timing of simeconazole granules for control of rice kernel smut and false smut 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mikio Tsuda Masashi Sasahara Toshiaki Ohara Shigehiro Kato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(5):301-304
We investigated the optimal timing of simeconazole (RS-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-trimethylsilylpropan-2-ol) application for controlling rice kernel smut in field trials in Miyagi Prefecture,
Japan, using formulations of simeconazole (1.5% granules). The field tests revealed that a submerged application of simeconazole
granules (450–600 g ai/ha) at 1–5 weeks before heading was highly effective against kernel smut, with treatments 1–2 weeks
before heading being the most effective. Submerged application of the fungicide at 2–5 weeks before heading was also highly
effective against false smut, with treatment 3 weeks before heading being the most effective. These periods overlap the timing
for optimal application of simeconazole to control rice sheath blight and ear blight. Consequently, we concluded that treatment
with simeconazole 2–3 weeks before heading can be a useful tool for controlling all four diseases. 相似文献
16.
Taketo Ashizawa Masashi Sasahara Atsushi Ohba Takeshi Hori Kouji Ishikawa Yukio Sasaki Tomohisa Kuroda Ryoei Harasawa Kaoru Zenbayashi-Sawata Shinzo Koizumi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(1):15-21
Leaf blast suppression in multilines was evaluated based on the number of susceptible lesions observed in a pure stand of
susceptible rice cultivar Sasanishiki, and in 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures of Sasanishiki and a resistant near-isogenic line,
Sasanishiki BL4 or BL7, from 1998 to 2001. The number of lesions first observed in fields in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures
were close to theoretical numbers calculated using the number of lesions observed in the pure stands and the ratios of the
susceptible Sasanishiki in the mixtures. The ratio of the number of lesions in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures to the number
in the pure stand was 0.29 and 0.09, respectively. The relationship between these ratios and the ratios of susceptible Sasanishiki
in mixtures was defined in an equation to estimate the degree of leaf blast suppression. Validation studies for the ratios
of the number of lesions in the 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures to the number in the pure stand were conducted in two different locations
and showed that the ratios are almost acceptable. The calculated autoinfection to alloinfection ratio was 1.3 and 1.4 in the
1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures, respectively, suggesting that the calculated ratio will affect the degree of leaf blast suppression.
Thus, predictors were obtained to estimate leaf blast suppression for effective blast control in multilines. 相似文献
17.
Mwafaida J. Mghalu Masashi Horibe Mayumi Kubota Hirokazu Kawagishi Mitsuro Hyakumachi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(4):235-241
Isolates from 18 anastomosis groups (AGs) of binucleate Rhizoctonia were screened for lectin activity. Eight AGs (AG-B, AG-D, AG-F, AG-G, AG-H, AG-I, AG-R and AG-U) had low to moderate lectin
activities. Among these, members of AG-D and AG-I had the highest activity. Partially purified lectins from AG-D preferentially
agglutinated human blood type A to type B and O. Mucin and galactose were the most potent inhibitors among the tested carbohydrates.
The molecular masses of these lectins ranged from 12.7 kDa for the monomer to 62 kDa for the pentamer type. Proline, alanine,
glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, threonine, serine and tyrosine were the major amino acid components of these lectins.
Lectins from AG-D were stable at 4–50°C and from pH 6.0 to 10.0. When assayed with isoelectric focusing, these lectins gave
bands at pI 9.30. Specificity of lectins from AG-D to galactose and its derivatives suggest a possible recognition role in
this fungal species. 相似文献
18.
The metabolism of fenitrothion was investigated in highly resistant (Akita-f) and susceptible (SRS) strains of the house fly, Musca domestica L. The Akita-f strain was 3500 times more resistant to fenitrothion than the SRS strain. Fenitrothion, topically applied to the flies, was metabolized in vivo far faster in the Akita-f strain than in the SRS strain. In vitro studies revealed that fenitrothion was metabolized by a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system and glutathione S-transferases. The former oxidase system metabolized fenitrothion in vitro into fenitrooxon and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol as major metabolites, and into 3-hydroxymethyl-fenitrothion and 3-hydroxymethyl-fenitrooxon as minor metabolites. Glutathione S-transferases metabolized fenitrothion into desmethylfenitrothion. The cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system and glutathione S-transferases of the resistant Akita-f strain had 1.4 to 2.2 times and 9.7 times, respectively, as great activities as those of the susceptible SRS strain. These results suggest the importance of glutathione S-transferases in fenitrothion resistance in the Akita-f strain. 相似文献
19.
Nobuaki Ohtaka Hayato Masuya Shigeru Kaneko Yuichi Yamaoka Masashi Ohsawa 《Journal of Forest Research》2002,7(3):145-151
Relationships between tree mortality and bark beetle infestation onAbies veitchii at the wave-regenerated forest in Mt. Asahi, Okuchichibu area were investigated. Most of the firs with green needles and
newly developed current year’s shoots in the dieback zone were heavily infested by bark beetles before the death of the trees.
After heavy infestation of beetles, about half of the infested firs died within the year, and the other half died in the next
year. When the species composition of bark beetles and associated ophiostomatoid fungi were investigated in Mt. Asahi and
also at a typical wave-regenerated forest in Mt. Shimagare, Yatsugatake area,Cryphalus montanus andC. piceae were dominant beetle species for Mt. Asahi and Mt. Shimagare, respectively.Ophiostoma subalpinum andO. europhioides were dominant fungal species at both wave-generated forests. BecauseO. subalpinum was detected more frequently from deeper areas of sapwood thanO. europhioides, it was suggested that the fungal species may accelerate the death of stressed firs in wave-regenerated forests.
Contribution No. 169, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba. 相似文献
20.
Tsutomu Suzuki Kyoko Suzuki Yukio Takahashi Mitsuhiro Okimoto Tetsuo Yamada Noriyasu Okazaki Yuichi Shimizu Masashi Fujiwara 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(1):54-60
Japanese larch wood loaded with nickel (1%–4%) alone or with nickel and calcium (0.25%–1.5%) was carbonized at 800°–900°C
for 0–120min with a heating rate of 5°–20°C min−1 in a helium flow of 5.8−46.4 ml STP cm−2 min−1 to examine the influence of these variables on the crystallization of carbon (the formation of T component) and the development
of mesoporosity. From the obtained results, reaction conditions suitable for effective production of carbon with the dual
functions of adequate electroconductivity and adsorption capacity in liquid phase were established, thereby explaining the
factors that govern the process. It was also confirmed that mesopore having a diameter of about 4 nm was selectively produced
at the cost of specific (BET) surface area in parallel with the formation of T component. This result provided good insight
into how the simultaneous dual function could be realized. 相似文献