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11.
Randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of enrofloxacin as a second‐line antibiotic for treatment of acute Escherichia coli mastitis 下载免费PDF全文
Kazuhiro Kawai Akira Takeda Michiaki Yamada Fumi Kayasaki Nao Kondo Yoshiko Sasaki Nahoko Kanai Takuma Mukai Naoki Sawaguchi Masaya Higuchi Haruka Kondo Kouki Sugimoto Akane Yasuda Aiko Watanabe 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(7):1033-1039
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of enrofloxacin (ERFX) as a second‐line antibiotic for treatment of acute Escherichia coli (E. coli) mastitis. Forty‐two cows with naturally occurring acute E. coli mastitis were enrolled. On the first day of treatment (day 0), empirically selected antibiotics (oxytetracycline: n = 32, kanamycin: n = 10) were administered. Although systemic signs improved in 10 cows (first‐line group), the signs remained unchanged or worsened in 32 cows on day 1, including two cows that were found dead. The 30 surviving cows were randomly assigned to second‐line groups constituting an ERFX group (n = 19) or a control group (n = 11) that was treated with other antibiotics. Response to each treatment was evaluated by measuring clinical signs from day 0 to day 3, subsequent quarter milk recovery, and the 60‐day survival rate. Appetite on day 3 was significantly better in the ERFX group compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in the 60‐day survival rate or the subsequent milk recovery between the ERFX group and the control group. Thus, the use of ERFX as a second‐line antibiotic for the treatment of acute E. coli mastitis could induce a rapid appetite recovery. 相似文献
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Hirofumi Hirai Aiko Onitsuka Ryuichiro Kondo Kokki Sakai Tomoaki Nishida 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(5):374-377
Iron-binding compounds were isolated from a culture ofPhanerochaete sordida YK-624 and were found to bind to Fe(III) preferentially compared with Fe(II). Two iron-binding compounds were purified to near-homogeneity with gel permeation chromatography. Hydrolysis of the iron-binding compounds with 6N hydrochloric acid gave ninhydrin-negative products. The molecular weight of these compounds was 3–5 kDa. These compounds may play an important role in the reduction of extracellular manganese dioxide to Mn(II) by intracellular ferrireductases for lignin degradation by manganese peroxidase. 相似文献
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Onda K Sato A Yamaguchi M Matsuki N Ono K Wada Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(7):709-713
To investigate the roles of mammary PTHrP in calcium uptake and/or release in the mammary gland of cows, plasma PTHrP and Ca levels, and their arterial-venous differences were examined in a Jersey cow during the periparturient period. Levels of Ca in both abdominal aorta and abdominal subcutaneous vein blood slightly decreased around the parturition and at 24 days after the parturition, however, no remarkable arterial-venous differences were observed. Plasma PTHrP levels in both arterial and venous samples were below the detection limit (0.57 pmol/l) during the experimental period. Milk PTHrP and Ca levels were measured in 9 Holstein dairy cows. Although plasma PTHrP levels in all arterial and venous samples were also below the detection limit, milk PTHrP and Ca levels were remarkably high, ranging from 14,900 pmol/l to 41,200 pmol/l and from 772 mg/l to 1,200 mg/l, respectively. In addition, a significant positive correlation (P<0.01) was observed between milk PTHrP and Ca levels. These results suggested that mammary PTHrP is closely related to Ca concentration in the milk. 相似文献
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An atovaquone (ATV)-resistant Babesia gibsoni was developed by in vitro exposure of uncloned wild type (WT) B. gibsoni to 800 nM ATV for 6 days. Sequence analysis of mitochondrial genes showed a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at cytb nt363 (G to T) that resulted in the substitution of methionine with isoleucine (M121I), which is one of the SNPs reported in a previous in vivo study. 363T or 363G allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that an M121I variant was present in over 99% of the ATV-resistant population. As neither ATV resistance nor gene polymorphisms appeared in the B. gibsoni WT sibling clones, the expression of ATV resistance in this study was suspected to be because of selective multiplication of the B. gibsoni M121I variant. This ATV-resistant B. gibsoni displayed the same sensitivity as the WT B. gibsoni against 5 other drugs, including diminazene aceturate, azithromycin, doxycycline, clindamycin, and proguanil. This is the first report on the in vitro establishment of an ATV-resistant B. gibsoni with gene polymorphisms. 相似文献
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Sato J Sato R Takagi A Goto T Okada K Yasuda J Naito Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(2):291-293
Eight periparturient Holstein Friesian cows were examined for plasma tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity to assess the degree of bone metabolic activity and to evaluate the association between the change in calcium (Ca) concentration and bone metabolism during the periparturient period. Milk fever occurred in 1 of 8 cows just after parturition. Plasma TRAP activities did not markedly change in 5 of 8 cows during the experimental period. The changing rate of Ca between preparturition and just after parturition was under -20% in 3 of 8 cows, and low TRAP activities were observed in 2 of these 3 cows. This study suggests that cows with a low TRAP activity are at risk of developing milk fever in comparison to cows with high TRAP activity. Temporary increases of parathyroid hormone were observed in 7 cows, but not in the cow with milk fever. 相似文献
16.
Yagi Y Shiono H Shibahara T Chikayama Y Nakamura I Ohnuma A 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,89(3-4):115-125
A transient increase in apoptotic polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) as revealed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl, transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique in bovine jugular and milk vein blood was observed 4 h after intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (jugular vein; before infusion 10.1%, 4h 58.3%: milk vein; before infusion 13.2%, 4 h 76.6%) decrease in PMA-induced oxidative bursts of PMNs was also observed during the same period and continued until 8 h after the infusion. TUNEL-positive cells showed an intention of a Comet tail as detected by a single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) and the morphological apoptotic future, though DNA fragmentation was not clearly detected. A definite decrease in peripheral PMNs and a marked increase in PMNs in the LPS-infused teat cistern were observed during the same period. The migration of milk vein blood-derived PMN and the expression of adhesion receptors (L-selectin and CD18) on PMN were suppressed, accompanied by an increase in apoptotic cells. TUNEL-positive PMN observed in normal animals showed a reduced migration capacity. The increase in apoptotic PMNs observed in the LPS-infused cattle was thought to be due to the remaining intravenous spontaneous apoptotic cells existing under the normal condition (the aging cell), and this increase appeared to lower the expression of adhesion receptors and the migration capacity. Decreased PMA-induced oxidative burst activity in PMN was thought to be derived from these aging cells and immature band cells appearing in the circulation as a subsequent event of leukopenia and/or severe stress associated with mastitis. The results from the present study indicate the possibility that the function of PMN in the circulation at early stages of bovine mastitis is regulated by the kinetics of PMN aging. 相似文献
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Hidehiro Kondo Takami Morita Maki Ikeda Chihiro Kurosaka Aiko Shitara Yuka Honda Reiko Nozaki Takashi Aoki Ikuo Hirono 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(1):161-165
Expressed sequence tag (EST) analyses were performed with the aim of identifying enzyme genes in the liver of the Bleeker’s squid Loligo bleekeri. Of the 768 ESTs identified and sequenced, 669 were grouped into 324 clusters. Of these clusters, 123 comprising 245 ESTs were found to be homologous to genes reported to date. Among these, 43 clusters were annotated as enzymes according to the Enzyme Commission (EC) numbering system. Two EC groups, oxidoreductases and hydrolases, possessed a large number of ESTs. A cluster homologous to the glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme in the oxidoreductase group, contained 16 ESTs, which accounted for 2.4% of the total ESTs sequenced. There are three serine proteases, three cathepsins, two triacylgricerol lipases, and two chitinases among the clusters homologous to the enzymes in the hydrolase group. Since the squid liver functions in the digestive process, these enzymes would be involved in food digestion. Our data provide information on the various types of enzymes expressed in the squid liver and may provide a useful basis for further characterization of these enzymes. 相似文献
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Nakamura T Noguchi T Tanaka M Zolensky ME Kimura M Tsuchiyama A Nakato A Ogami T Ishida H Uesugi M Yada T Shirai K Fujimura A Okazaki R Sandford SA Ishibashi Y Abe M Okada T Ueno M Mukai T Yoshikawa M Kawaguchi J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6046):1113-1116
The Hayabusa spacecraft successfully recovered dust particles from the surface of near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa. Synchrotron-radiation x-ray diffraction and transmission and scanning electron microscope analyses indicate that the mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the Itokawa dust particles are identical to those of thermally metamorphosed LL chondrites, consistent with spectroscopic observations made from Earth and by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Our results directly demonstrate that ordinary chondrites, the most abundant meteorites found on Earth, come from S-type asteroids. Mineral chemistry indicates that the majority of regolith surface particles suffered long-term thermal annealing and subsequent impact shock, suggesting that Itokawa is an asteroid made of reassembled pieces of the interior portions of a once larger asteroid. 相似文献
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Kazuhiro Kawai Yasuha Kondo Yasunori Shinozuka Ryusaku Kawata Sohei Kaneko Hidetomo Iwano Masafumi Enokidani Aiko Watanabe Fika Yuliza-Purba Naoki Isobe Tomomi Kurumisawa 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13502
The immune response during the onset of coliform mastitis in vaccinated cows was investigated by measuring lactoferrin (LF), interleukin-8 ( IL-8), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentrations and somatic cell counts in 28 milk samples at the onset of acute coliform mastitis (ACM) and 73 milk samples at the onset of peracute coliform mastitis (PCM). Vaccinated ACM, unvaccinated ACM, and vaccinated PCM showed significantly higher values for LF and IL-1β levels than unvaccinated PCM (p < .01). The IL-8 concentration was lower in vaccinated PCM than in unvaccinated PCM (p < .05). There was no significant difference in somatic cell counts for each parameter. There were no significant differences in the parameters between vaccinated and unvaccinated ACM cows, or vaccinated ACM and PCM cows. From the above results, it is suggested that mastitis vaccination improved the early immune response, particularly at the onset of PCM, and played a large role in host defense against the initial infection. 相似文献