Xanthine oxidase inhibitory triterpenoid and phloroglucinol from guttiferaceous plants inhibit growth and induced apoptosis in human NTUB1 cells through a ROS-dependent mechanism

A known triterpenoid, β-amyrin (1), and a known and a new phloroglucinol, cohulupone (2) and garcinielliptone P (3), were isolated from the pericarp and heartwood and seed of Garcinia subelliptica, respectively. A new xanthonolignoid, hyperielliptone HF (4), was isolated from the heartwood of Hypericum geminiflorum. The new compounds were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-3 showed an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase (XO). Treatment of NTUB1, a human bladder cancer cell, with 1 or 1 cotreated with cisplatin for 24 h resulted in a decreased viability of cells. Exposure of NTUB1 to 1 or 1 cotreated with cisplatin for 24 h significantly increased the level of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Flow cytometric analysis indicated that treatment of NTUB1 with 1 or 1 cotreated with cisplatin led to the cell cycle arrest, accompanied by an increase in the extent of apoptotic cell death in 1 or 1 combined with cisplatin-treated NTUB1 after 24 h. These data suggested that the presentation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in 1 or 1 combined with cisplatin-treated NTUB1 for 24 h was mediated through an increased amount of ROS in cells exposed to 1 or 1 cotreated with cisplatin.     

不等微卫星座位数目对Nei氏标准遗传距离估测精度的影响

以实际测定的19个微卫星座位的基因频率为基础，分析了中国4个山羊品种在3、6、9、12、15个微卫星座位情况下的遗传距离精度，结果表明：随着微卫星数目的增多，遗传距离精度也随着升高。￡检验结果表明：15个座位下测得的遗传距离精度与在3、6、9、12座位时的估测精度呈显著差异。分析群体间遗传关系时应选用较多的座位。     

一个水稻温敏黄化突变体的表型分析和基因定位

对水稻叶色进行表型分析与基因定位,可为图位克隆该类基因和研究水稻光合系统功能奠定基础。利用甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methanesulfonate,EMS)诱变的方法,从籼稻品种"南京11"(简称NJ11)中获得温敏黄化突变体dy1;与野生型相比,dy1在自然环境下,从苗期至成熟期始终表现叶片黄化,透射电镜显示dy1类囊体结构异常;同时株高、分蘖数、结实率等农艺性状也表现出极显著的差异;实验室光照培养箱条件下,dy1苗期在20℃下表现白化,在25℃表现黄化,在30℃下为浅绿的表型;遗传分析表明水稻温敏黄化突变体dy1的表型是由1对隐性基因控制;将突变体与粳稻广亲和品"02428"杂交,构建F2群体,从中选出隐性极端个体,通过基因定位,将控制黄化的基因限定在第1染色体长臂上标记Y-4和Y-35之间的115 kb的区间内,含有16个开放阅读框(ORF),测序发现,dy1中编码尿嘧啶核苷酸激酶的基因LOC_Os01g73450的第4个内含子与第5个外显子交界处存在单碱基替换,拟作为候选基因;且叶绿体合成相关基因表达量显著降低,猜测该基因可能参与了叶绿素合成途径。     

Quality and antioxidant properties of instant noodles enhanced with common buckwheat flour

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of incorporating common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) into instant noodle formulations. Australian Soft (AS) and Baker's flours were used to evaluate the effects of varying buckwheat contents (0–40%) on noodle quality. The results of texture analysis indicate that noodles made using AS flour produced softer texture whereas there was minimal effect for Baker's flour when buckwheat was incorporated. The colour, measured by L* values, decreased with increased addition of buckwheat for both flours. Fat uptake for noodle samples made from AS flour was only marginally affected, but increased for Baker's flour, when higher levels of buckwheat flour were added. The antioxidant rutin was detected in noodles made from both wheat flours, generally increasing with % buckwheat flour added. These findings indicate that the incorporation of 20% buckwheat into the formulation can be used to enhance the quality of instant noodles.     

亚麻木质素合成途径中关键酶基因片段的克隆与序列分析

亚麻是一种重要的韧皮纤维作物, 木质素对亚麻纤维的性能和品质具有较大影响。以亚麻(Linum usitatissimum L.)茎秆表皮细胞的mRNA为模板, 利用木质素合成途径中关键酶基因的同源基因保守序列设计简并引物, 通过RT-PCR扩增, 电泳获得13个特异带。分别将这些DNA片段连接到T载体后转化大肠杆菌, 从重组质粒转化菌分别挑取5~8个单菌落测定插入片段序列, 得到关键酶基因新的片段序列8个。生物信息学分析结果表明, 这些新片段分别属于3个基因家族。其中, 2个CCoAOMT基因片段(GenBank登录号为EF214740, EF214741), 3个4CL基因片段(GenBank登录号为EF214737, EF214738, EF214739), 3个F5H基因片段(GenBank登录号为EF214745, EF214746, EF214747), 推测亚麻中这几个木质素代谢关键调控酶基因存在多基因家族。新获得的基因片段序列为进一步克隆全序列和了解调控亚麻木质素的生物合成奠定了基础。     

控制普通野生稻种子休眠性QTL的定位

水稻种子休眠性是关系到稻米品质和稻种质量的一个重要农艺性状。研究水稻种子休眠性遗传及分子机制对培育具有适度休眠性的优良水稻品种具有重要意义。本研究以籼稻品种9311为受体、普通野生稻为供体的染色体片段置换系群体为材料,在后熟不同时间检测群体种子休眠性,对控制种子休眠性的QTL进行定位分析,共定位到14个QTL,分布在第3、第4、第5、第6、第7、第10、第11、第12染色体上。筛选休眠性显著强于背景亲本9311的家系,分析这些家系携带的QTL数目,表明携带的位点越多,休眠性越强。进一步利用家系Q14与9311的F2群体验证了第7染色体标记RM180和RM21323之间存在一个效应较大的QTL qSD-7-2,该位点LOD值为18.49,可解释的表型变异率为33.53%,表明该位点是一个控制普通野生稻种子休眠性的主效QTL,且能稳定遗传。本研究为野生稻种子休眠基因的精细定位及克隆奠定了基础,且为培育强休眠性籼稻品种提供了育种材料。