影响胃蛋白酶凝乳作用因素的研究

探讨了反应温度、滴定酸度、胃蛋白酶添加量、ＣａＣｌ２加入量等因素对胃蛋白酶凝乳作用的影响规律，确定了用胃蛋白酶生产干酪时的主要工艺参数，反应温度３９℃；滴定酸度２４Ｔ；ＣａＣｌ２加入量０．０１５％；加酶量随酶活而定。     

生鲜乳金黄色葡萄球菌污染来源调查及其耐药性

为考察贵阳市生鲜乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染环节及其对药物的敏感性,采集贵阳市周边5个大型奶牛场及一个牛奶加工厂的乳区棉签拭子75份和各生产环节奶样310份,按国家标准(GB 4789.10—2010)分离鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌,并测定其对9种常用抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明:生鲜乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染主要来源于牛乳头内;传统的"弃前三把奶"工艺对降低生鲜乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染的作用不明显;规范的乳区消毒可以有效地降低乳头外环境金黄色葡萄球菌对生鲜乳安全的影响;所调查奶牛场的金黄色葡萄球菌对磺胺类、β-内酰胺类和四环素类药物的耐药水平较高。     

不同施肥情况下甘蔗叶片的光谱特征分析及叶绿素含量检测

In order to investigate the visible-NIR spectral features of the leaves of a sugarcane variety(ROC 22), the spectral reflectance and the chlorophyll content were measured in the laboratory, and their correlations were analyzed.Prediction models were built eventually.Results showed that the negative correlations with r greater than 0.8 was found in 527-578 nm and 701-731 nm between spectral reflectance and chlorophyll content.And the red edge position(REP) was also found having high correlation with chlorophyll content, with the highest r of 0.8442.In order to explore the most sensitive bands for normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), 48471 NDVI values were computed with different wavebands for each sample and their correlations with chlorophyll were also analyzed.The distribution maps of NDVI and its correlations in a two-spectral-dimension space both indicated that the red bands had significant influence than the NIR bands.The suggested sensitive red range was 710-735 nm, especially 720-725 nm; and the sensitive NIR range was from 780-850 nm, which had the higher robustness.The chlorophyll predication model with NDVI(725 and 840 nm) in tillering stage had determination coefficients of 0.7386, and was recommended for guiding the subsequent ridging fertilization.     

基于贝叶斯神经网络的农田分区灌溉需水量模拟分析

针对农田分区灌溉需水量模拟过程中普遍存在的求解过程易陷入局部最小化、出现过度拟合,以及过度依赖历史用水数据,导致最终模拟结果存在显著误差的问题,研究基于贝叶斯神经网络的农田分区灌溉需水量模拟分析方法。以前一周需水量、年内月需水量占比、日内温度上限值及日降雨量为指标,通过聚类分析获取指标数据均值,对农田分区灌溉历史用水的样本数据进行聚类分析。构建贝叶斯神经网络模型,将指标数据均值输入模型,根据BP神经网络原理与贝叶斯规则训练指标数据,然后输出农田分区灌溉需水量模拟结果。试验结果显示数据聚类结果中数据间关联度高于95%,数据拟合效果较好,模拟需水量时具有更高的精度与稳定性。      

Dietary docosahexaenoic acid decreased lipid accumulation via inducing adipocytes apoptosis of grass carp, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharygodon idella</Emphasis>

The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of by which docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) inhibit the accumulation of adipose tissue lipid in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). We therefore designed two semi-purified diets, namely DHA-free (control) and DHA-supplemented, and fed them to grass carp (22.19 ± 1.76 g) for 3 and 6 weeks. DHA supplementation led to a significantly lower intraperitoneal fat index (IPFI) than that in the control group by reducing the number of adipocytes but significantly higher adipocyte size (P < 0.05). In the intraperitoneal adipose tissue, the DHA-fed group showed significantly higher peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)1c mRNA expression levels at both 3 and 6 weeks (P < 0.05). However, the ratio of the expression levels of B cell leukemia 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) was significantly lower in the DHA-fed group than in the control group (P < 0.05), and the protein expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9 were also significantly higher (P < 0.05). Overall, although DHA promotes lipid synthesis, it is more likely that DHA could suppress the lipid accumulation in adipocytes of grass carp by inducing adipocyte apoptosis.     

烘烤变黄环境对烤后烟叶石油醚提取物及香吃味的影响

试验采用温湿度二因素回归最优设计,研究贵烟4号变黄阶段烘烤环境与烤后烟叶石油醚提取物含量及香吃味的关系,结果表明:在温度32℃~42℃、相对湿度75%~95%范围内,随着变黄温湿度的逐渐升高,烤后烟叶石油醚提取物含量及香吃味评吸得分均表现出先逐渐增加而后又下降的趋势;在控制变黄温度约37℃~38℃,相对湿度84%~90%即干湿差约1.5℃~2℃烤后烟叶石油醚提取物含量及香吃味评吸得分较高;分析结果还表明,烤后烟叶的石油醚提取物含量与香吃味评吸得分表现出较好的相关性。     

Immune Responses and Resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Induced by Probiotic Bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 in Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

A 63-d feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 on immune responses and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei . The probiotic bacteria were administered orally at four different doses of 0, 10⁶, 10⁸, and 10¹⁰ colony-forming unit (CFU)/g feed for shrimp. On Day 50, the shrimp were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus by bath. On Days 7, 21, 49, and 63, six shrimp per tank were sampled to take intestine and hemolymph. With increasing dietary supplementation of probiotic bacteria, shrimp mortality decreased from 63.16% (the control) to 55.9% (10⁶ CFU/g feed), 51.75% (10⁸ CFU/g feed), and 51.78% (10¹⁰ CFU/g feed), respectively. Vibrio counts in intestine of shrimp fed probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 was generally lower than that in the control shrimp ( P  < 0.05). The probiotic bacteria generally increased the immune parameters in shrimp, that is, total hemocyte counts, percentage phagocytosis, respiratory burst activity, and serum phenoloxidase activity. The results showed that probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 can be used as probiotic in shrimp feed.     

有机与无机肥配施对小麦土壤速效养分、酶活性及微生物数量的影响

【目的】研究土壤速效养分、酶活性以及土壤中微生物总量与有机肥的关系,为提高农田土壤生物肥力、培肥土壤、实现土壤可持续利用及有机肥在农业生产实践中的推广应用提供参考。【方法】在控制条件下研究有机与无机肥配施对小麦土壤速效养分、酶活性及微生物数量的影响。【结果】(1)通过有机肥的施用可明显提高土壤中碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量,促进小麦的生长发育。(2)通过有机肥的施用可明显提高土壤微生物(细菌、真菌和放线菌)数量和土壤酶(蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和纤维素酶)活性。【结论】施用有机肥除了直接增加土壤有效养分和改善理化性质外,还对土壤生物和生物化学特性有明显的影响。     

生态足迹法在松嫩平原西部可持续发展研究中的应用

以松嫩平原西部为例,运用生态足迹模型,对1989年和2001年的可持续状况进行了量化研究和对比分析。采用相对指标法,首次对研究区10个县、市的可持续性进行分级。结果表明：12a中,松嫩平原西部整体的可持续性呈下降趋势。在分析生态赤字存在的原因基础上,提出了实现生态供给平衡的途径。     

应用PCR检测猪细小病毒

根据GenBank已公布的猪细小病毒NADL-2株的基因序列,设计并合成了1对寡核苷酸引物,通过PCR扩增反应条件的优化,成功地从猪细小病毒感染的组织和细胞中扩增出882bp片段。利用该方法对临床上的6份猪流产病料的检测,查出阳性4份。本试验建立的PCR诊断方法能快速、特异地诊断出猪细小病毒。