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41.
M. Agustí V. Almela M. Juan C. Mesejo A. Martinez-Fuentes 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):554-558
SummaryThe influence of three rootstocks, Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tanaka) and sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) on the incidence and severity of rind breakdown in ‘Navelate’ sweet oranges was studied over seven years in four orchards. The proportion of affected fruit was greater in trees on Carrizo citrange (60% on an average) followed by Cleopatra mandarin (38%) and then on sour orange (9%). There were also significant differences in the severity of the disorder among rootstocks; more than 35% and 20% of fruit from trees on Carrizo citrange and Cleopatra mandarin, respectively, were rejected for commercialization, whereas only 4% of fruit on sour orange was rejected. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fruit peduncles showed that average diameter of xylem vessel elements of peduncles of fruits on Carrizo citrange rootstock were 6% and 17% larger than those on Cleopatra mandarin and sour orange, respectively. Defoliation of fruit-bearing branches reduced water loss from fruit, maintained fruit peel water potential at a higher value than that of fruit on undefoliated branches and reduced the proportion and severity of affected fruit. It is concluded that fruit-tree water relationships are related to rind breakdown in ‘Navelate’ oranges and low fruit water content might be responsible for the disorder. 相似文献
42.
Eduardo T. Mezquida Agustín Rubio Otilio Sánchez-Palomares 《European Journal of Forest Research》2010,129(1):133-140
Characterization of the suitability or potentiality of a territory for forest tree species is an important source of information
for forest planning and managing. In this study, we compared a relatively simple methodology to generate potential habitat
distribution areas that has been traditionally used in Spain (the potential index model) with a statistical modelling approach
(generalized linear model). We modelled the potential distribution of mountain pine (Pinus uncinata) in the Iberian peninsula as a working example. The potential index model generated a map of habitat suitability according
to the values of an index of potentiality, whose distribution has usually divided into four categories based on quartiles
(from optimum to low suitability). Considering all values of the index of potentiality as presences of mountain pine resulted
in a low to moderate degree of agreement between the potential index model and the generalized linear model according to the
kappa coefficient. Using the cut-off value of the index of potentiality that maximized the degree of agreement between both
modelling approaches resulted in a substantial similarity between the maps of the predicted distribution of mountain pine.
This cut-off value did lie in the upper-third quartile of the potential index distribution (high suitability category), and
roughly coincided with the upper 30th percentile. The use of statistical techniques, which have proved to be powerful and
versatile for species distribution modelling, is recommended. However, the potential index model, together with the adjustments
proposed here, could be a reasonably simple methodology to predict the potential distribution of forest tree species that
forest managers should take into account when evaluating forestation and afforestation projects. 相似文献
43.
Manganese (Mn) deficiency is a widespread crop micronutrient disorder. The aim of this work was to evaluate two NPK fertilizers coated with Mn that eliminate the specific labor cost for applying Mn and that allow the correction of Mn deficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two Mn sources [MnSO4 and Mn‐lignosulfonate (MnLS)] were compared as NPK coatings at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0% (w/w) in hydroponic, perlite, and soil pot cultures under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions with wheat to evaluate the effects on dry matter production and Mn concentrations. For the NPK+MnLS product, 52–63% of the total Mn remained in solution at calcareous conditions. However, the NPK+MnSO4 product was able to maintain only 14–25% of the total Mn added in solution. As expected, the MnLS product resulted in higher Mn concentrations in shoots than the MnSO4 product due to the Mn complexation by lignosulfonate which preserved Mn from precipitation and maintained it available for plants. In the experiment with perlite as growth substrate, at low Mn dose (0.1% Mn) a similar Mn concentration in wheat shoots was found (57 mg kg?1 DW for the MnSO4 coating versus 72 mg kg?1 DW for MnLS coating), but at the highest dose (1.0% Mn) the NPK+MnLS showed a significant increase in shoot Mn concentration (167 versus 132 mg kg?1 DW). Soil application of coated NPK products showed similar Mn concentrations in shoots with both Mn sources (29–37 mg kg?1 DW), except for the NPK+MnSO4 (0.1%) treatment (only 18 mg kg?1 DW). Based on the recommended Fe/Mn values (Fe : Mn ratio = 1.5–2.5) given in the literature for plants with a correct nutrition, only the NPK+MnLS (0.3%) fulfilled this ratio (Fe : Mn = 2.5). 相似文献
44.
Evaluation of organic amendments from agro‐industry waste for the control of verticillium wilt of olive
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A. Varo‐Suárez M.C. Raya‐Ortega C. Agustí‐Brisach C. García‐Ortiz‐Civantos A. Fernández‐Hernández A. Mulero‐Aparicio A. Trapero 《Plant pathology》2018,67(4):860-870
Biological control of plant diseases using soil amendments such as animal manure and composted materials can minimize organic waste and has been proposed as an effective strategy in crop protection. In this study, 35 organic amendments (OAs) and 16 compost mixtures were evaluated against Verticillium dahliae by assessing both the antagonistic effect on the mycelial growth of two representative isolates of V. dahliae and the effect on the reduction of microsclerotia viability of the pathogen in naturally infested soil. Eleven OAs and five compost mixtures showed a consistent inhibition effect in in vitro sensitivity tests, with solid olive‐oil waste compost one of the most effective. Therefore, a bioassay with olive plants was conducted to evaluate the suppressive effect against V. dahliae of these selected OAs and compost mixtures. Significant reduction in the severity of the symptoms of V. dahliae indicates the potential use of grape marc compost (100% disease severity reduction) and solid olive‐oil waste, combined with other OAs. Microorganism mixtures and dairy waste OAs had a potential suppressive effect when they were combined with compost, showing a 73% and 63% disease severity reduction, respectively. A mixture of agro‐industrial waste with other biological control agents is a promising strategy against verticillium wilt of olive. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on the effectiveness of compost extracts (compost teas) on the inhibition of natural microsclerotia of V. dahliae, and also on verticillium wilt suppression in olive with solid olive‐oil waste. 相似文献
45.
Cardelle-Cobas A Corzo N Villamiel M Olano A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(22):10954-10959
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) obtained during the enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose contain large amounts of glucose, galactose, and unreacted lactose, which do not have prebiotic properties and increase the calorific value of the product. In this work, the isomerization of the GOS mixture by the action of sodium aluminate has been studied. During the reaction, lactose, glucose, and galactose were isomerized to lactulose, fructose, and tagatose, respectively, and in addition allolactose, 6-galactobiose, and 6'-galactosyl-lactose were also converted to the corresponding keto-sugars. The effect of time, temperature, and aluminate/initial lactose ratio has been studied. After 9 h at 40 degrees C and molar ratio aluminate/lactose 3:1, the isomerization yield was >60%, and the amount of final carbohydrates was close to 90% of the initial product. This process considerably decreases the amount of lactose, glucose, and galactose. 相似文献
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49.
Moreno FJ Rubio LA Olano A Clemente A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(22):8631-8639
We have investigated the absorption rates of two purified major allergen 2S albumins, Ber e 1 from Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl.) and Ses i 1 from white sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.), across human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers following gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. The transport from apical to basolateral side in cell monolayers was evaluated by RP-HPLC-UV and indirect competitive ELISA methods, being confirmed by western-blotting analysis. Significant amounts (approximately 15-25 nmol micromol(-1) initial amount/h) of intact Ber e 1 and Ses i 1 were found in the basolateral side. The absorption rates of both plant allergens through the cell monolayer were shown to be constant during the whole incubation period (4 h at 37 degrees C), verifying that the permeability of the membrane was not altered by the allergen digests. Our findings revealed that both purified 2S albumin allergens may be able to survive in immunologically reactive forms to the simulated harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract to be transported across the Caco-2 cell monolayers, so that they would be able to sensitize the mucosal immune system and/or elicit an allergic response. 相似文献
50.
Pérez-Torres S Flores-Pérez FI Orihuela A Aguirre V Bernal G Nieto A Vázquez R Solano JJ 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):383-384
To evaluate the level of stress induced by the tongue inspection method during cysticercosis diagnosis in pigs at 60 and 90 kg,
27 animals were assigned to one of three experimental groups. In the first group (T1), pigs were held with a snout noose.
In addition, animals in T2 were subjected to tongue inspection, while in T0, none of the procedures described above were performed.
Resistance to be handled and serum cortisol concentration were higher (P < 0.05) than those from T0 in T1 and T2 groups, for 60- and 90-kg pigs. Time to return to the feeder observed the same pattern
than previous variables in 60-kg pigs, but T1 and T0 were similar (P > 0.05) for the heavier animals. T2 did not build up a significant amount of stress with respect to T1, where only more (P > 0.05) vocalizations were emitted by 90-kg pigs. It was concluded that the use of snout noose induces major changes in some
behavioral and physiological measures of stress in swine, while the opening of the mouth including tongue inspection does
not contribute significantly to this effect. 相似文献