Ultrasonographic and histologic evaluation of medial and middle patellar ligaments in exercised horses following injection with ethanolamine oleate and 2% iodine in almond oil

OBJECTIVE: To describe the ultrasonographic and quantitative histologic effect of injecting 2% iodine in almond oil (IAO) and ethanolamine oleate (EO) in the medial and middle patellar ligaments of horses and to determine whether a difference in response exists between IAO and EO treatment. ANIMALS: 10 healthy horses. PROCEDURE: In 5 horses, the medial and middle patellar ligaments of 1 limb were injected with EO, whereas IAO was injected in the medial and middle patellar ligaments of another 5 horses. Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed on the experimental and control limb before injection of IAO and EO and prior to euthanasia to determine cross-sectional area and evaluate fiber pattern. The patellar ligaments were harvested 2 weeks after injection and examined histologically to evaluate the inflammatory response, fibroplasia, and chondroid metaplasia. RESULTS: Injection of the patellar ligaments with IAO resulted in a greater increase in cross-sectional area on ultrasonography than EO. Both agents caused a decrease in echogenicity of the ligament. Histologically, significantly greater infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibroplasia developed after injection with IAO, compared with EO. Both agents resulted in significantly greater fibroplasia relative to control specimens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Injection of the medial and middle patellar ligaments with IAO induces more severe inflammation and fibroplasia than EO. Maturation of the inflammatory and fibrous response may contribute to resolution or attenuation of upward fixation of the patella by subsequent stiffening of the ligaments.     

Concurrent West Nile virus and mycobacterium avium infection in a black-necked swan (Cygnus melanocoryphus).

An adult male black-necked swan (Cygnus melanocoryphus) was evaluated for a routine physical examination and West Nile virus vaccination. Nine days later, the swan was hospitalized for weakness, dehydration, tremors, and leukocytosis. Gradual clinical improvement was seen over a 2-wk course of supportive care. However, the animal became acutely weak and was found dead. Histopathology revealed severe granulomatous pneumonia and air sacculitis with dissemination to the liver, spleen, intestine, and coelom. Mycobacterial infection was confirmed by identification of acid-fast bacilli within tissue sections and by polymerase chain reaction. Concurrent West Nile virus infection was identified in sections of brain by using immunohistochemistry.     

Pretreatment of hypertonic saline attenuates the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury induced by neutrophils

AIM: To explore the effect of the pretreatment of hypertonic saline (HTS) in hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury.METHODS: The rats were divided into sham group (sham group), ischemia reperfusion group (IR group) and pretreatment of hypertonic saline group (HTS group). Partial hepatic ischemia reperfusion model was used. The rats were sacrificed at the time of 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after reperfusion in each group, respectively. Blood samples were obtained to examine ALT. The expression of the CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) on the neutrophils was analyzed by flow cytometry. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to examine the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in livers and chromatometry was performed to detect the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in livers. The morphology of hepatocytes and the structure of sinusoid were observed by histological examinations. RESULTS: ① HTS pretreatment decreased the level of ALT at the time points of 3 h, 6 h and 12 h after reperfusion (P<0.05). ② Mac-1 expression in HTS group was lower at 6 h and 12 h after reperfusion compared with IR group (P<0.05). ③ MPO activity in HTS group was lower at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h compared with IR group (P<0.05). ④ RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis indicated that the pretreatment of HTS inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 in livers after reperfusion. ⑤ Moderate hepatocyte swelling and few neutrophil infiltration were observed in HTS group.CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with HTS has the effect on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting the expression of Mac-1 on circulating neutrophils and the expression of ICAM-1 in the liver.     

不同光温条件对烟株叶片活性氧代谢的影响研究

设置4个处理(T1,25℃+遮光;T2,25℃+强光;T3,35℃+遮光;T4,35℃+强光),探讨了高温强光对成熟期烟叶活性氧代谢的影响.结果 表明:高温和强光均造成烟株叶片细胞膜透性增加,其中以T4处理下的烟叶相对电导度、MDA和H2O2含量均最高,分别达20.5％、4.774 μmol/g和23.139 mmol/mg;T3处理下烟株叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均最高,分别达1.263和1.674 U/(mg·min);在T2处理下过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性最高,达1.289 mg/(mg·min);在强光处理下烟株叶片的生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)含量均高于遮光处理,而在高温处理下烟株水杨酸(SA)含量均显著高于低温处理;在T4处理下烟株叶片的茉莉酸(JA)含量最低,只有7.435 ng/g.因此,高温、强光胁迫会破坏烟株叶片的生理代谢,但也会通过促使保护酶活性升高和内源生长激素含量增加来抵抗逆境胁迫.     

中国天然橡胶价格影响因素的灰色关联分析

天然橡胶价格的波动对我国经济发展以及橡胶产业安全有较大影响。采用灰色关联模型分析我国天然橡胶价格波动的影响因素,结果表明:各因素与天然橡胶市场价格的关联程度大小依次为:合成橡胶进口数量人均国民生产总值橡胶产量天然橡胶进口数量合成橡胶产量橡胶轮胎外胎产量。据此提出相关政策建议,以期为我国橡胶产业的长足发展提供参考。     

疣粒野生稻保护、遗传特性及利用研究进展

疣粒野生稻(Oryza meyeriana Baill.)是稻属中保存较多原始性状特征的种类,对病害、虫害及非生物胁迫的抗性良好,尤其是高抗白叶枯病,蕴含大量优良基因,既可作为抗病、抗虫、耐旱和耐盐碱基因发掘及水稻育种的优良抗源材料,也可作为稻作高蛋白、高赖氨酸等改良稻米品质育种的优异种质资源;但疣粒野生稻(GG基因组)与栽培稻(AA基因组)亲缘关系较远,其遗传特性研究和发掘利用远落后于普通野生稻等其他野生稻.文章通过综述疣粒野生稻分类和命名、优异性状、遗传特性及其在水稻种质资源创新与利用等方面的研究进展,并探讨疣粒野生稻研究和利用过程中存在的困难,指出当前疣粒野生稻赖以生存的原生境不断遭到破坏,其生存形势已十分严峻,若现存的居群得不到有效保护,将会造成更多的资源流失;此外,疣粒野生稻基因组的复杂程度限制了其功能基因及基因家族的研究,同时增加了同源基因克隆的难度和准确度,致使疣粒野生稻有利基因的发掘和利用进程缓慢,以疣粒野生稻为亲本的育种研究非常有限.因此,今后要从以下3个方面加强疣粒野生稻研究:(1)重视疣粒野生稻的保护,加强保存、保护措施研究;(2)借助现代生物技术,包括第三代高通量测序技术、蛋白组学分析和代谢组学技术等开展疣粒野生稻优异性状调控机理研究,加强抗病、抗虫、耐旱及耐阴等功能基因的发掘.(3)加强疣粒野生稻杂交障碍和杂交后代不育研究,寻求克服杂交障碍及挽救杂交后代的方法,促进疣粒野生稻在水稻育种中的应用.     

化学试剂对翅荚决明种子萌发和幼苗早期生长的影响

为探讨不同化学试剂对翅荚决明(SennaalataL.)种子发芽率和幼苗生长的影响,用4种不同浓度的化学试剂(KNO3、GA3、KMnO4和NaOH)分别处理种子。结果表明:0.5~4.0g/LKMnO4和0.05~0.4g/LGA3浸种显著促进种子萌发,加快幼苗生长速度,其中以0.1g/LGA3和4g/LKMnO4浸种24h效果最佳,是解除翅荚决明种子休眠、促进幼苗生长的有效措施;1~8g/LKNO3浸种显著促进了种子萌发,但对幼苗生长影响不明显;而5~40g/LNaOH浸种明显抑制种子萌发和幼苗生长,且随着浓度增加,抑制作用明显增大。。     

江淮丘陵和黄河故道不同施肥处理葡萄园葡萄十星叶甲Oides decempunctata与其天敌的关系

在运用葡萄丰产栽培措施的同时,为合理保护和利用自然天敌进行葡萄十星叶甲的综合防治,对安徽省萧县和肥东县喷施钕肥、镧肥、醋肥和清水的葡萄园葡萄十星叶甲及其主要天敌进行系统调查,并用灰色系统分析法和生态位分析法对两者之间在数量、时间和空间格局等方面的关系进行分析。经综合排序,萧县十星叶甲主要天敌喷水处理区为龟纹瓢虫、草间小黑蛛和拟环纹狼蛛,喷醋处理区为拟环纹狼蛛、龟纹瓢虫和异色瓢虫,喷钕处理区为草间小黑蛛、异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫,喷镧处理区为龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫和草间小黑蛛。肥东县十星叶甲主要天敌喷水处理区为草间小黑蛛、八斑球腹蛛和拟环纹狼蛛,喷醋处理区为拟环纹狼蛛、草间小黑蛛和龟纹瓢虫,喷钕处理区为草间小黑蛛、拟环纹狼蛛和八斑球腹蛛,喷镧处理区为八斑球腹蛛、草间小黑蛛和拟环纹狼蛛。萧县和肥东县两地间各处理的十星叶甲主要天敌的种类和位次差异明显。喷水区两地相同的两种主要天敌是草间小黑蛛和拟环纹狼蛛,喷醋区两地相同的两种主要天敌是拟环纹狼蛛和龟纹瓢虫,喷钕区和喷镧区两地相同的主要天敌都是草间小黑蛛。     

不同的遮光率对文心兰切花生长及品质的影响

比较了不同遮光率对文心兰切花品质的影响.结果表明:文心兰在不同的生长发育阶段对遮光率的要求不同,75％遮光率的环境有利于文心兰中小苗的生长发育,当文心兰花芽长度为10～20 cm时,则必须将遮光率调整为60％.60％的遮光率可以大幅度提高花穗的直立性,大大降低花穗的倒伏,明显缩短文心兰切花节间长度,降低花穗上第1个分叉...     

粤北地区杉木真菌性病害种类

对粤北地区 ( 小坑林场、龙山林场、大坑山林场 ) 杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolate）真菌性病害进行全面调查,共采集 86 份标本,分离病组织获得菌株 162 份,主要归属于炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum）、拟盘多毛孢属（Pestalotiopsis）、腐皮壳属（Diaporthe）、镰刀菌属（Fusarium）、黑孢菌属（Nigrospora）、拟茎点霉属（Phomopsis）、叶点霉属（Phyllosticta）以及散斑壳属（Lophodermium）等。根据病害症状粤北地区主要杉木病害包括：杉木立枯病、杉木炭疽病、杉木溃疡病、杉木顶枯病、杉木梢枯病、杉木赤枯病、杉木球果坏死。各林场杉木林中,杉木炭疽病普遍发生、分布广;种子园中杉木球果病害危害严重,直接影响球果的产量和质量;在大坑山林场 4-5 年生的林分中,杉木顶枯病大面积发生,但在其它地区少有发生;此外,杉木溃疡病、杉木赤枯病和杉木立枯病在个别无性系或者苗圃中零星发生,但危害较轻。