Risk factors for metritis in Danish dairy cows

A retrospective longitudinal study of metritis was conducted in Denmark on data collected during 1993-1994. Data on herd size, breed, parity, and treatment of disease were obtained from the Danish Cattle Database. Management and production-facility data were collected using a questionnaire, conducted as a telephone interview in 1994. The study included 2144 herds from three regions in Denmark (102,060 cows). Herd-level variables included were: herd size, housing, flooring, grazing, calving measures, and calving supervision. Cow-level variables were: parity, breed, calving season and whether the cow had been treated by a veterinarian for dystocia or the diseases: retained placenta, reproductive disease, ketosis, milk fever, or dry cow mastitis.Marginal multivariable logistic-regression analyses were performed. The cow with highest odds of metritis was a first or greater than or equal to third parity cow, of large breed, that calved during November-April, in a zero-grazing herd. The cow had been treated for dystocia, retained placenta, and at least one other reproductive disease, but not for ketosis.     

发酵葡萄渣对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响及安全性评价试验

为了评价葡萄渣经发酵处理后,应用于肉仔鸡的有效性和安全性,试验选用AA肉仔鸡40只,分为2组,每组20只,试验组饲喂含10％发酵葡萄渣的肉仔鸡配合饲料,对照组饲喂含5％棉粕和5％菜粕的肉仔鸡配合饲料,试验期为42 d.结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组日增重提高7.43％ （P＜0.05）,料重比降低4.19％（P＜0.05）,死淘率为0;肤色、肌肉pH值、肌肉组织弹性、肌肉气味、器官湿重、清烹肉汤鉴定指标、品尝评价均无异常;试验组血红蛋白显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,其余血液常规指标均无显著差异（P＞0.05）;试验组总胆红素、γ-谷氨酰氨转肽酶均极显著低于对照组（P＜0.01）,碱性磷酸酶、肌酐、尿酸显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,其余血液生化指标均无显著差异（P＞0.05）;肌肉安全性方面：各组均未检测出有害微生物和有害寄生虫,所检测出的有害微量元素含量也都在国家标准规定值内,并远低于规定值,且试验组指标低于对照组.试验结果说明发酵葡萄渣应用于肉仔鸡是安全、有效的.     

一种基于形态学的木材导管图像分割方法

木材识别对木材科学和产业具有重要的意义,微观识别方法准确性高但过程繁琐,只有木材专家才能掌握。基于图像的智能木材识别方法是通过自动提取木材的识别特征来识别木材。该文提出了一种基于显微结构图像的木材导管自动提取方法,运用数学形态学的腐蚀、膨胀及开、闭运算进行去噪处理和边缘增强,将导管形态从阔叶材横切面显微图像中成功地提取出来。该方法为定量分析和提取阔叶材管孔式特征奠定了基础,是对基于图像的智能木材识别技术的有益探索。大量的试验表明,该方法是有效的。      

REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION OF DDT TO DDD BY YEAST

Labeled DDD [ 1,1-dichlor-o-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane] was formed from C(14)-labeled DDT in the presence of yeast. The formation of DDD from DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene] was not observed, indicating that a reductive dechlorination of DDT occurs.     

肉牛源细极链格孢菌的分离鉴定

为鉴定肉牛皮肤病病原及其致病性并筛选其敏感药物,本研究取患皮肤病肉牛病变部位皮屑、毛发和痂皮进行病原菌的分离,并对分离菌株进行了形态学鉴定、ITS序列分析、小鼠致病性试验和药敏试验。结果显示分离到1株形态特征与细极链格孢菌极其相似的菌株(PY2-1-2);经PCR扩增、测序和BLAST序列比对,结果显示分离株(PY2-1-2)的ITS基因序列与细极链格孢菌(MG975630.1)的ITS基因序列的相似性为99%,分离株PY2-1-2的ITS基因序列长度为543 bp,该片段包括ITS1、5.8S rDNA和ITS2的全部基因序列以及18S rDNA和28S rDNA的部分基因序列,提交GenBank(MH656780.1)。根据形态学结合ITS基因序列分析结果确定该分离株为细极链格孢菌。小鼠致病性试验结果显示该菌对小鼠有致病性。药敏试验结果显示:该菌对灰黄霉素、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、酮康唑的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值分别为0.5μg/mL、4μg/mL、1μg/mL、1μg/mL。本研究为今后进一步探究细极链格孢菌引起的皮肤病诊治提供科学有效的参考。     

民勤连古城自然保护区白刺生长发育影响因素

民勤连古城自然保护区地处河西走廊的石羊河下游,区内分布的4种白刺呈流动、固定和半固定沙丘自然景观,对民勤绿洲起着重要的保护作用。保护区白刺生长发育不仅取决于生物生态学特点,而且受水分、沙丘特性、人类活动和荒漠病虫鼠兔害等综合因素的影响,同时天然降水、地下水、沙丘中0～140cm范围内土壤水分及沙丘表面结皮成为影响白刺生长发育的关键因子。随着石羊河上游来水量减少、地下水位下降,出现绿洲-荒漠水分供给失衡,降水已成为保护区白刺生长发育的唯一水源,有效利用天然降水是保护区白刺保护和生态恢复的一个核心问题。     

太白七药红毛七化学成分研究

[目的]研究太白七药红毛七的化学成分,为其药效成分及作用机理的深入研究奠定基础。[方法]采用硅胶柱色谱、SephadexLH-20、重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,依据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。[结果]从红毛七石油醚及乙酸乙酯萃取相中分离得到9个纯品化合物,分别为棕榈酸(Ⅰ)、α-菠菜甾醇(Ⅱ)、α-菠甾醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)、β-豆甾醇(Ⅳ)、16α,23,28-三羟基-齐墩果-12-烯-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷(Ⅴ)、16α-羟基-齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷(Ⅵ)、常春藤皂苷元-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷(Ⅶ)、葳严仙皂苷元-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷(Ⅷ)、常春藤皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖-(1→2)-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷(Ⅸ);化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。[结论]该方法可用于研究太白七药红毛七的化学成分,为太白山产红毛七的进一步开发利用提供依据。     

甘南藏族自治州羊泰勒虫病流行病学调查

采用传统的调查方法，查出甘南藏族自治州羊泰勒虫病的流行地区是碌曲、夏河、卓尼、临潭、迭部、玛曲等县及合作市，羊泰勒虫病的传播媒介是青海血蜱。发病季节主要是3-5月，9-10月有少量羊只发病。绵羊羔和从非疫区引进的羊只发病率高，平均发病率为60.8％，致死率为81.48％；山羊羔的发病率平均为40％，致死率为85.71％；成年绵羊发病率为17.12％，致死率为65.83％；成年山羊发病率为8.06％，致死率为73.33％。     

Peste des petits ruminants has been widely present in southern India since, if not before, the late 1980s

Because previous authorities had suggested that small ruminants were playing a part in the dissemination of rinderpest, and a rinderpest-eradication campaign was about to begin, it was necessary to make precise virus identifications from a number of small-ruminant “rinderpest” outbreaks. When this was done using a database created from passive disease reports, we found that epidemics—reportedly due to rinderpest—were in fact due to peste des petits ruminants (PPRs). Although such cases had been common in India for a number of years, earlier clinical and laboratory reports no longer should be regarded as definitive. PPR outbreaks have been frequent in recent years. Further, we suggest that PPR is not a recent invader of India.