Characteristics of Brittle Failure and Stress Drop Under Triaxial Loading and Unloading

The characteristics of deformation failure and stress brittle drop of granite under loading and unloading conditions are studied respectively based on two unloading stress path cases and conventional triaxial compression experiments. The experiments show that the primary deformation of rock is rebound or tension in the (main) unloading direction, but plastic deformation in the non or sub unloading direction is not significant. And the curves of stress strain after peak strength present obvious brittle. Whilst the primary deformation of rock under loading is axial pressure deformation, and plastic deformation increases with the raise of confining pressure. The fracture is characterized by strong tensile, and all tensile cracks are fully developed. Furthermore, when the rock samples are unloaded in two directions, and even normal to unloading direction, sub unloading annular tensile cracks are produced. The shear fractures is obvious comparatively when confining pressure becomes higher, and it develops following tensile cracks with more micro tension cracks formed in two sides along shear plane. But the fracture is characterized by shear under conventional triaxial compression with little tensile cracks; the coefficients of brittles stress drop of granite is increased with the growth of confining pressure under conventional triaxial compression and reduced under unloading. When the initial confining pressure is the same, the coefficients of brittles stress drop under unloading is less than that under loading. In SchemeⅡ, the coefficients of brittles stress drop reaches negative when initial confining pressure is up to 30 MPa, and the one （R）is RⅢ>RⅠ>RⅡ in three test cases.     

Prediction of Rock Burst using the Method of Optimal Relative Membership Degree Based on the Maximum Entropy Principle

In the analysis of rock burst criterion prediction at home and abroad, the prediction standards of rock burst are selected including the conditions of mechanics、integrity、energy and brittle. The concept of relative membership degree on the rock burst prediction was introduced. The weight of standards and fuzzy matrix of relative membership degree are calculated. Uncertainty in rock burst prediction is described and compared according to the information entropy. Generalized weighted distance is also defined to characterize the differences in rock burst based on the maximum entropy principle, the establishment of a rock burst prediction fuzzy optimization model. The results from the application to practical example and comparisons with other methods are fairly good. Finally, the prediction model is applied in Putaoshan tunnel and the predictions are consistent with the actual rock burst.     

Near Crack Line Elastoplastic Solution for an Eccentric Cracks Loaded by the Pore Water Pressure

By using near crack line analysis method and Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion,the elastic-plastic solution for near crack line of an eccentric cracks loaded by the pore water pressure under large scale yielding condition is analyzed.The elastic stress fields,the plastic stress field,the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary near the crack line,the elastic-plastic stress fields near crack line are identified.The change pattern of the length of the plastic zone and the pore water pressure is presented.Besides,the elastic-plastic analytical solution for an eccentric cracks loaded by the pore water pressure is obtained.     

柿树硬枝扦插试验初报

将初选的6个柿树株系插穗在新型植物生长调节剂中浸泡24h后扦插，结果表明：各株系插穗基部愈合率呈极显著差异。愈合率2.8%～85.7%，9901株系最高（85.7%），其次是9902株系（66.7%）。对试验结果进行了分析，提出了柿树扦插繁殖的新思路。     

沙质海岸火炬松幼树生物量的研究

为了对沙质海岸火炬松人工林的合理经营提供基础资料和科学依据,我们于2003年对胶南沙质海岸海防林9年生火炬松幼树的生物量进行研究,结果表明:随年龄的增长,火炬松累积生物量在各器官的分配比例有所差异,树干在生物量中所占的比重逐渐增大,树枝和树叶在生物量中所占的比重则随年龄的增长基本呈下降趋势;火炬松生物量的空间分布不均匀,81.6%的生物量分布在树干3.5m以下,3.5m以上部分仅分布着大约18.4%的生物量,枝叶在树干上的分布不成比例;用W=aDb能很好地估计火炬松人工幼林生物量,且精确度高,R2值达0.9以上。     

北京八达岭林场营林防火措施研究

本论文基于不同的林分能引起不同的林火特性规律,针对北京八达岭林场林分状况,统计分析了各林班不同林分类型、林龄、郁闭度、坡度的面积分布百分比,根据不同林班林分特点,提出了合理的营林防火措施。     

DNA分子标记技术在西瓜遗传相关研究中的应用

综述了分子标记技术在西瓜种质遗传多样性与亲缘关系研究，遗传图谱的构建，目标性状的连锁分子标记与分子标记辅助育种，品种及杂交种的纯度鉴定等方面的应用进展。     

牛老化卵体外受精后的胚胎发育速度与细胞遗传学研究

体外成熟培养和牛老化卵受精后发育到囊胚到期速度减慢。囊胚期的发育率分别为22h培养组的35．3％,34h组23．6％,46h组15．4％,胚胎的发育速度随培养时间的延长而明显减慢（P＜0．05）。46h组的囊胚期胚胎的平均卵裂球数明显少于22h组（P＜0．05）,老化组的染色体平均分裂像,分裂指数均明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）。染色体异常发生率46h组高于22h组。     

山体断面绿化植物的选择、配置及种植措施

就当前高速公路等施工形成的山体断面绿化难题进行了探讨，重点推荐了华东地区适用的爬山虎、络石、薜荔、常春油麻藤、凌霄等20余种优良垂直绿化植物，并分别对其生长特性、优缺点和绿化效果等方面作出了客观评价，同时根据山体断面不同坡度、高度、平整度、基质及植物习性和生境等分别阐述了植物配置原则和具体种类，还提出了栽植中可采取的一些必要的辅助措施。参8     

顺式氯氰菊酯微乳液的微观结构

利用粘度法和电导法研究了顺式氯氰菊酯微乳液微观结构的变化,对其形成机理进行了探讨,并用偏光显微镜和透射电镜等手段进行了表征。研究发现顺式氯氰菊酯微乳液体系随水相含量的增加分别形成了W/O型微乳液、层状液晶、双连续结构和O/W型微乳液;表面活性剂和醇分子之间依靠氢键和范德华力形成各向异性的类线形大分子,被破坏和重排是层状液晶结构区显示出异常流变特性和不规则电导率变化的主要原因。