Assessing the vulnerability of a forest ecosystem to climate change and variability in the western Mediterranean sub-region of Turkey: future evaluation

This study evaluates the multifactorial spatial modelling used to assess vulnerability of the Du¨ zlerc?am?(Antalya) forest ecosystem to climate change.This was done to produce data,to develop tools to support decisionmaking and the management of vulnerable Mediterranean forest ecosystems affected by climate change,and to increase the ability of these forest ecosystems to adapt to global change.Based on regionally averaged future climate assessments and projected climate indicators,both the study site and the western Mediterranean sub-region of Turkey will probably become associated with a drier,hotter,more continental and more water-deficient climate.This analysis holds true for all future scenarios,with the exception of RCP4.5 for the period from 2015 to 2030.However,the present dry-sub humid climate dominating this sub-region and the study area shows a potential for change towards more dry climatology and for it to become semiarid between 2031 and 2050 according to the RCP8.5 high emission scenario.All the observed and estimated results and assessments summarized in this study show clearly that the densest forest ecosystem in the southern part of the study site,characterized by mainly Mediterranean coniferous and some mixed forest and maquis vegetation,will very likely be influenced by medium and high degrees of vulnerability to future environmental degradation,climate change and variability.     

渭-库河绿洲种棉土壤pH与微量元素的相关性分析

为了调整微量元素在种植棉花的土壤中的含量,以及提高施肥的精度,最终达到保护环境质量和农业资源的目的。笔者在GPS野外定位、量取样品、分析样品等步骤的基础上,获取了土壤属性数据。运用相关分析模块和统计分析模块,将渭-库河绿洲的种植棉花的土壤作为研究对象,分别分析了土壤中的有机质和pH与四种微量元素之间的相关性特征。结果表明：该研究区中的土壤有机质与有效铁和有效铜呈极显著负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.557和-0.458,而与有效锰和有效锌之间的相关性不明显,均没有达到显著水平。土壤pH与有效锰呈极显著负相关关系,相关系数为-0.406,与有效锌呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.274。在生产过程中,应该根据研究区土壤的性质,在合理使用有机肥的同时,适当调节土壤酸碱度,平衡作物中的营养物质,有利于各种作物对微量元素的吸收,从而提高农作物的产量以及质量,保证西北干旱区农业生产的可持续发展。     

不同株距对温室冬春茬番茄生长和产量的影响

为了研究温室冬春茬番茄合理的田间群体结构,以及株距对群体配置的影响,试验在相同的垄沟配置下通过改变株距,对番茄的植株生长、果实性状和产量表现进行研究。结果表明,株高、茎粗、幅宽、单株果数和单果重均表现为,随着株距的增大而增加的趋势,对果穗数和果型没有影响,畸形果率随着株距的减小而明显增加,单产处理间没有较大差异,均在115500 kg/hm2左右;说明在相同的70+50垄行配置下,株距在25~40 cm之间部分性状虽表现出一定的趋势性变化,但均为比较合理的田间群体配置。     

白斑狗鱼冬季生长性能评价及选育系现实遗传力的初步估计

利用2012年培育的白斑狗鱼(Esox lucius)鱼种当年10月15日至翌年4月20日间体重的测定数据,对白斑狗鱼冬季生长速度进行了分析。结果显示,试验期间白斑狗鱼平均增重(235.20±97.52)g,绝对增重率为1.26 g/d,瞬时增重率0.22%/d,证明白斑狗鱼鱼种与主要养殖鱼类鱼种相比具有明显的冬季生长优势。利用新疆水产科学研究所濒危水生野生动物救护中心对2012年繁育的白斑狗鱼快速生长系F1代4个性状(体重、体长、体高及体厚)的测定数据,对生长性能进行了评价,并初步估算了现实遗传力。结果显示:经130 d的养殖,选育系的绝对增重率和瞬时增重率均高于对照系,选育系生长速度比对照系提高了10.54%,且选育系还有很大的遗传改良潜力;体重、体长、体高及体厚4个性状早期的现实遗传力在0.16~0.18间,显示遗传力较低,因此利用家系选育对白斑狗鱼进行遗传改良可能取得良好效果。     

Impact of water scarcity on spruce and beech forests

One of the greatest threats posed by ongoing climate change may be regarded the drought caused by changes in precipitation distribution. The aim of presented study was to characterize reactions to dry conditions and conditions without drought stress on gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) of spruce and beech forests, as these two species dominate within the European continent. Daily courses of GPP and NEP of these two species were evaluated in relation to an expected decrease in CO2 uptake during dry days. The occurrence of CO2 uptake hysteresis in daily production was also investigated. Our study was performed at Bily Kriz(spruce) and Stitna(beech) mountain forest sites during 2010–2012 period. We applied eddy covariance technique for the estimation of carbon fluxes, vapor pressure deficit and precipitation characteristics together with the SoilClim model for the determination of drought conditions, and the inverse of the Penman–Monteith equation to compute canopy conductance. Significant differences were found in response to reduced water supply for both species. Spruce reacts by closing its stomata before noon and maintaining a reduced photosynthetic activity for the rest of the day, while beech keeps its stomata open as long as possible and slightly reduces photosynthetic activity evenly throughout the entire day. In the spruce forest, we found substantial hysteresis in the light response curve of GPP. In the beech forest, the shape of this curve was different: evening values exceeded morning values.     

Determining the edge effect of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in its horizontal distribution in the stand

Pine processionary moth is one of the most important forest pests in the Mediterranean Basin. There is need to explore its distribution behaviour to undertake effective control and determine the edge effect of its horizontal distribution in the stand. Five trial sites damaged by the insect were selected and traps installed in all trees in the sites. The number of nests and larvae was counted and diameter increment cores were taken. The distance to the edge of the stand revealed that there was no statistical difference in the number of nests and larvae up to 25 m while there was a statistically significant difference(0.5%)at [25 m. There was a 2-fold difference in the density of nests between 0 and 25 m and [25 meters, and a 3.8-fold difference in the number of larvae. The effect of pine processionary moth on tree diameter was not significant between trees at the edge of the stand and those in the stand.     

周丛生物对罗丹明B的吸附降解特性

探讨在添加或不添加NaN_3条件下,不同周丛生物投放量(干质量0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 g/L),温度(10、15、20、25、30、35℃),pH(4、6、8、10)和起始罗丹明B质量浓度(1、5、10、20、40、80、160 mg/L)对周丛生物对罗丹明B的吸附和降解特性的影响,并通过HPLC–MS分析周丛生物对罗丹明B的降解机理。结果表明:周丛生物对罗丹明B具有一定的吸附和降解能力,在本试验周丛生物的用量范围内,随着用量的增加,周丛生物对罗丹明B的去除率逐渐增加;其过程主要是2阶段的协同过程,涉及生物吸附和生物降解,以吸附为主;不添加NaN_3的周丛生物去除罗丹明B的最佳pH为6,温度为30℃;添加NaN_3的周丛生物对罗丹明B的最佳吸附pH为6,温度为20～30℃;等温线以Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型拟合,周丛生物+NaN_3组更符合Langmuir模型;HPLC–MS检测结果表明,周丛生物降解罗丹明B产生1个相对分子质量约为391的中间产物,其降解过程可能是一个逐步脱乙基的过程。     

16种地被植物的光响应特性及园林应用

选取深圳市仙湖植物园内人工植物群落中16种常见地被植物,观测其光合–光响应曲线及光合作用特征参数,运用直角双曲线修正模型拟合并分析其耐荫能力。结果表明:光叶子花、狗牙花、长春花、大花软枝黄蝉、黄金榕、龙船花等6种植物具有较高的光补偿点(20～50mmol/(m2×s))和较高的光饱和点(900～1 600mmol/(m2×s)),表现典型阳生植物特征,在园林绿化中可配置在阳光充足的坡地、林边路缘和道路绿化隔离带等处;洒金桃叶珊瑚、合果芋、红背桂、叉花草、可爱花、朱蕉和蜘蛛兰等7种植物具有偏低的光补偿点(7～15mmol/(m2×s))和偏低的光饱和点(400～1000mmol/(m2×s)),其耐荫能力远高于其他供试地被植物,适于弱光环境中生长,在园林绿化中可配置在阳光较弱的乔木林下、庭院和高架桥下;春羽、金脉爵床、扶桑则具有较低的光补偿点(7～15mmol/(m2×s))和较高的光饱和点(1000～1300mmol/(m2×s)),对光照环境的适应性较强,不仅能充分利用弱光,而且对强光的耐受能力也相对较强,在园林绿化配置时可根据景观效果加以灵活应用。地被植物的表观量子产额和水分利用率在不同的光合有效辐射下的变化趋势能反映出阴生植物和阳生植物的差异。     

羊营养缺乏综合征的诊治

羊营养缺乏综合征是由于缺乏营养或营养元素单一,引起羊机体新陈代谢异常,造成机体加速分解糖类、脂肪、蛋白质的疾病.此时病羊体内营养物质将逐渐减少,主要表现为营养不良,不能满足机体正常营养需要,造成病羊死亡.本文对羊营养缺乏综合征的病因、临床症状、预防和治疗措施进行介绍,以期为养羊业提供帮助.     

奶牛酮病的诊断及防治措施

奶牛酮病是体内碳水化合物和脂肪代谢紊乱引起的功能失调性代谢性疾病.主要是因为葡萄糖前体物质供给不足引发的一种疾病.酮病的主要表现为奶牛产奶量下降、酮血、酮尿、酮乳、低血糖、消化机能紊乱、间有神经症状等.对奶牛生产性能、繁殖性能、免疫功能、牛奶质量都会产生影响.本文从奶牛酮病发病机理、病因、临床症状、危害、治疗、预防进行...