一种便捷剪式摘果器

目前,在我国大部分地区的果实采摘主要依靠人工进行操作,纯人工操作虽然在采摘过程中能够对果实进行保护,但采摘果实费时费力且存在高空作业危险的问题,效率较低,人工成本较高。随着社会的发展,出现了各式各样的采摘机和摘果平台,虽可提高采摘效率,但基于果树种植密度较大、果实生长高度不一及大小各异的特性,使用此类采摘机和摘果平台经常使果实在采摘过程中容易造成果实损伤而影响其外观品质,且采摘系统制造成本较高。目前也设计出各种果实机械采摘器,虽然成本得以降低,但存在携带不便或操作复杂或只局限对果树一定高度范围内果实采摘或对果实保护度不够等种种问题,导致果实采摘操作不便、效率较低且采摘质量较差。因此,发明一种可配合人工操作进行果实采摘的便携式简易便捷型机械工具显得极其重要。我们发明了一种便捷剪式摘果器,通过铰接杆带动摘果碗剪切刀片闭合剪断果蒂,从而实现果实的快速且安全采摘。该摘果器属纯机械设计,设计巧妙,结构简单,便携性好,操作方便快捷,成本较低,很适合在我国果实采摘领域内大面积推广应用。     

贵阳保供蔬菜菜豆生态高效栽培技术要点

菜豆是贵阳市保供蔬菜主导品种之一。为有效保障贵阳“菜篮子”安全供应,顺应蔬菜产业高质量发展趋势,立足贵阳市立体气候条件,文中从土壤和品种选择、适时播种、播种育苗、整地施肥、播种方法、田间管理、绿色防控措施、适时采收等方面总结出菜豆生态高效栽培技术要点。     

The origin of the turtle body plan: bridging a famous morphological gap

A restudy of pareiasaurs reveals that these primitive reptiles are the nearest relatives of turtles. The two groups share numerous derived characters, such as a reduced presacral count, an acromion process, and a trochanter major, which are absent in other basal amniotes. Many traits long thought specific to chelonians also occur in pareiasaurs and must have evolved before the distinctive turtle shell appeared. Evidence uniting captorhinid or procolophonoids with turtles is shown to be weak. The phylogeny proposed here also suggests that certain features of the earliest turtle (Proganochelys) that have been interpreted as specializations, such as the large supratemporal and robust metacarpals, are primitive for turtles. In pareiasaurs, the osteoderms represent the precursors of the chelonian shell and the morphology of the anterior region is consistent with the idea that the shoulder girdle in turtles has migrated posteriorly into the rib cage.     

Fish population and behavior revealed by instantaneous continental shelf-scale imaging

Until now, continental shelf environments have been monitored with highly localized line-transect methods from slow-moving research vessels. These methods significantly undersample fish populations in time and space, leaving an incomplete and ambiguous record of abundance and behavior. We show that fish populations in continental shelf environments can be instantaneously imaged over thousands of square kilometers and continuously monitored by a remote sensing technique in which the ocean acts as an acoustic waveguide. The technique has revealed the instantaneous horizontal structural characteristics and volatile short-term behavior of very large fish shoals, containing tens of millions of fish and stretching for many kilometers.     

The electron-pairing mechanism of iron-based superconductors

The past three years have witnessed the discovery of a series of novel high-temperature superconductors. Trailing behind the cuprates, these iron-based compounds are the second-highest-temperature superconducting material family known to date. Despite the marked differences in the chemical composition, these materials share many properties with the cuprates and offer the hope of finally unveiling the secret of high-temperature superconductivity. The main theme of this review is the electron-pairing mechanism responsible for their superconductivity. We discuss the progress in this young field and point out the open issues.     

丹参抗氧化成分及其分布特征

借助超声波萃取法，以反相高效液相色谱（RP－HPLC－DAD）为分析检测手段，研究了丹参6种抗氧化成分的提取方法和分离定量条件，并对这些成分在全株丹参不同部位中的含量分布特征进行了探讨，结果表明：常温下的超声波萃取可避免热解作用给丹参酮类化合物带来的损失，布辅助的加热处理可使原儿茶醛获得较高的提取率，两种操作方法简单可行，6种化学成分在丹参不同部位及不同等级中的分布有较大差异，丹参酮类化合物主要分布在根部皮层，而叶子中丹参素的含量却较为丰富，可为丹参品质鉴定和质量标准研究及该资源的综合利用奠定理想基础。     

Glutamic acid supplementation recovers the reduced performance of weanling pigs fed reduced crude protein diets

This study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of glutamic acid(Glu)to reduced protein diets on the performance of weanling pigs.One hundred and eighty crossbred weanling pigs([Yorkshire
Landrace]
Duroc,21 d old)having similar body weight(BW)of 6.45 kg were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments(5 pigs per pen[2 barrows and 3 gilts];6 pens per treatment)based on BW and sex during a 6-week trial.Dietary treatments consisted of positive control(PC)diet formulated to have 226.9,205.6,and 188.8 g crude protein(CP)during phases 1,2,and 3,respectively,and negative control(NC)diets with 20 g CP reduction from PC diets and addition of Glu with increasing levels,resulting in the calculated Lys-to-Glu ratios of 1:2.25,1:2.30.1:2.35,1:2.40,and 1:2.45,designated as NC,NC1,NC2,NC3,and NC4,respectively.The BW of pigs receiving PC diet was higher(P<0.05)than those receiving NC diet at d 7,21 and 42.A higher(P<0.05)average daily gain(ADG)from d 1 to 7,8 to 21,22 to 42 and during the overall experiment period was observed in pigs fed PC than NC diet.Pigs fed NC diets including the graded level of Glu linearly increased(P<0.05)BW at d 42,ADG and gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)during the overall experimental period.In addition,trends in linear increase in BW(P=0.056)at d 7 and ADG from d 1 to 7 and d 22 to 42(linear effect,P=0.081,P=0.058 respectively)were observed.A tendency in the linear increment of NH3(P=0.082)at d 21 and linear reduction in methyl mercaptans(P=0.054)emission at d 42 was observed in pigs fed NC diets supplemented with graded level of Glu.In conclusion,supplementing the reduced protein diet with Glu enhanced the growth performance in weanling pigs suggesting that supplementation of Glu can compensate the reduction of 2%CP in the basal diets.     

High yield and rapid growth of Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis in co-culture with a rainbow trout gill-derived cell line RTgill-W1

Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis is an ubiquitous amphizoic marine protozoan and has been implicated as the causative agent for several diseases in marine organisms, most notably amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon. Despite several reports on the pathology of AGD, relatively little is known about the protozoan and its relationship to host cells. In this study, an in vitro approach using monolayers of a rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1, ATCC CRL-2523) was used to rapidly grow large numbers of N. pemaquidensis (ATCC 50172) and investigate cell-pathogen interactions. Established cell lines derived from other tissues of rainbow trout and other fish species were also evaluated for amoeba growth support. The amoebae showed preference and highest yield when grown with RTgill-W1 over nine other tested fish cell lines. Amoeba yields could reach as high as 5 x 10(5) cells mL(-1) within 3 days of growth on the gill cell monolayers. The amoebae caused visible focal lesions in RTgill-W1 monolayers within 24 h of exposure and rapidly proliferated and spread with cytopathic effects destroying the neighbouring pavement-like cells within 48-72 h after initial exposure in media above 700 mOsm kg(-1). Disruption of the integrity of the gill cell monolayers could be noted within 30 min of exposure to the amoeba suspensions by changes in transepithelial resistance (TER) compared with control cell monolayers maintained in the exposure media. This was significantly different by 2 h (P < 0.05) compared with control cells and remained significantly different (P < 0.01) for the remaining 72 h that the TER was monitored. The RTgill-W1 cell line is thus a convenient model for growing N. pemaquidensis and for studying host-pathogen interactions in AGD.     

层次分析法在计算机联网技术中的应用

层次分析法是一种将复杂的多个目标的问题当做一个系统,而后分成多个细微目标进行分层决策分析的方法。层次分析法是一种系统地科学地分析方法。运用这种方法可以使人们更加深入地了解问题。计算机联网技术是随着互联网的发展而兴起的一套专门化技术。在计算机组网过程中运用层次分析法看可以有效地提高组网效率和保证计算机网络系统的性能。本文将结合层次分析法的概念来探讨层次分析法在计算机联网技术中的应用。