基因处理后棉籽出棉花

美国得克萨斯大学分子遗传学及微生物学教授马尔科姆·布朗及研究生荣峰 (音 )等人组成的研究小组 ,通过对棉花种子进行基因工程处理 ,使棉籽直接长出了棉花纤维。这一技术 ,可省去烦琐的棉株生长、采摘棉桃和去除棉籽的过程。该研究小组的这一成果 ,已在实验室里获得成功。他们把从棉桃中取出的棉种 ,作基因工程处理好 ,撒在专门介质的表面上 ,在以后的 5天内 ,棉种的表面就会长出芽来。而这些芽 ,实际上都是棉花小纤维 ,不过 ,它的独特细胞 ,看起来特别像木质细胞 ,而不太像棉花细胞。是基因工程处理 ,促发了一些细胞组织结构 ,并改变了生…     

Ultrastructural and Extracellular Protein Changes in Cell Suspension Cultures of Populus euphratica Associated with Low Temperature-induced Cold Acclimation

Populus euphratica Olive is the only tree species that can grow in the saline land and also survive cold winters in northwest China, and it plays a very important role in stabilizing the vulnerable ecosystem there. A cell suspension culture was initiated from callus derived from plantlets of Populus euphratica. Cold acclimation was induced (LT50 of-17.5 ℃) in cell suspension at 4-5 ℃ in the dark for 30 days and the freezing tolerance increased from LT50 of-12.5 ℃ in nonacclimated cells to LT50 of-17.5 ℃ in cold-acclimated cells. Microvacuolation, cytoplasmic augmentation and accumulation of starch granules were observed in cells that were cold-acclimated by exposure to low temperatures. Several qualitative and quantitative changes in proteins were noted during cold acclimation. Antibodies to carrot extracellular (apoplastic) 36 kD antifreeze protein did not cross react on immunoelectroblots with extracellular proteins in cell suspension culture medium of Populus euphratica, indicating no common epitopes in the carrot 36 kD antifreeze protein and P euphratica extracellular proteins. The relationship of these changes to cold acclimation in Populus euphratica cell cultures was discussed.     

水稻叶色白化转绿及多分蘖矮秆基因hw-1(t)的图位克隆

通过增加作图群体的样本量, 将控制水稻白化转绿和多分蘖矮秆的基因hw-1(t)定位在第4染色体长臂2个InDel标记HW36和HW7之间24.9 kb的物理距离内, 该区域含有5个阅读框架。测序及酶切分析表明, 突变体hfa-1仅在LOC_Os04g57320产生一个碱基(G→A)的突变, 导致翻译提取终止, 推断LOC_Os04g57320为hw-1(t)。进一步分析发现hw-1(t)在水稻基因组中为单拷贝, 与拟南芥im和番茄PTOX基因同源性较高, 但在转录子和蛋白质结构上存在一定差异;基因表达分析显示HW-1(t)属组成型表达基因, 表达不受光照影响。     

陆地棉转录因子的染色体定位

利用植物转录因子PTFD数据库1 116条陆地棉转录因子DNA序列设计的1 455对SSR引物,筛选陆地棉品种/品系渝棉1号、中棉所35、7235和T586,获得66对多态性引物。它们涉及到27个转录因子家族的64个转录因子,其中渝棉1号与中棉所35间23对多态性引物,渝棉1号与T586间30对多态性引物,渝棉1号与7235间33对多态性引物。以多态性引物检测对应重组近交系群体,共获得93个位点。其中,(渝棉1号×中棉所35)群体23个位点,(渝棉1号×T586)群体32个位点,(渝棉1号×7235)群体38个位点。利用转录因子SSR位点与实验室已定位的SSR位点进行遗传连锁分析,将84个位点定位于23条染色体上,其中32个位点分布于A染色体组,52个位点分布于D染色体组。     

用于区别不同棉花品种基因组特征的微卫星位点筛选

保守性强、重复性好、多态性高的微卫星位点可被有效用于构建作物DNA条形码。选取目前生产上主要推广种植、代表不同来源系统的12个棉花品种作为微卫星位点筛选材料,参考我室构建的四倍体栽培棉种种间高密度遗传图谱信息,从376对覆盖全基因组的SSR引物中,筛选出51对引物可扩增出带型清晰且多态性高的微卫星位点。这些引物在12个供试品种中共产生155个等位位点,每对引物揭示的等位基因位点在2~7之间,平均值为3.04。参照微卫星位点的染色体定位和多态信息,在每条染色体上选择一个多态性相对高的SSR位点,其相应的26对SSR引物被推荐为构建棉花品种DNA条形码的一套首选引物,并初步应用于12个品种的DNA条形码编制。其余25对引物作为候选引物。使用该套引物扩增出的微卫星位点可用于大量棉花品种DNA条形码构建,为棉花品种真实性和纯度的分子鉴定奠定基础。     

植物低温胁迫响应miRNAs及其在茶树抗寒研究中的应用

miRNAs(microRNAs)通过互补配对的方式指导mRNA剪切或者抑制翻译负调控基因的表达。在植物中miRNAs不仅参与调控生长发育,还在低温等多种逆境胁迫下发挥着重要作用。文章介绍了植物miRNAs的形成、作用机制及功能,分析其在低温胁迫基因调控网络中的作用及在茶树中的相关研究,旨在系统深入了解低温响应miRNAs在抗寒机制中的作用,为深入开展茶树抗寒性研究提供新思路。     

戴云山羊早期生长曲线的拟合与分析

为了探究戴云山羊早期生长发育规律,测定了戴云山羊从初生到6月龄的各项体重、体尺指标,分别采用Von Bertalanffy、Gompertz和Logistic 3种非线性生长模型拟合其生长曲线.结果表明:公、母戴云山羊在1月龄前生长较快,2～5月龄生长速度变缓,5～6月龄生长速度呈现增快趋势.通过比较拟合度(R2)发现...     

Analysis of Sediment Source of Watershed in Western Shanxi of the Loess Plateau

1 INTRODUCTIONThe Loess Plateau is the most drastic soil erosion regionin China, with the most severe water erosion. Thedistribution of types and intensity of erosion not onlyhave regional diversity but also have perpendicularvariation. In the small watershed, there are differencesin erosion characters among its upper, middle and lowerreaches. It is very significant for taking rationalmeasures of soil and water conservation and forpreventing soil and water loss to analyze the relationbe…     

Strategic Trend of Chinese Urban Forestry Development

1 STRATEGY BACKGROUND1.1 Quickening of Urbanization ProcessSince the reform and opening-up in China in 1978,economic community developed rapidly. By the endof 2003, GDP has exceeded $1 000 billion. With therapid development of Chinese economy, residentialmode focusing on rural population is now changing,urbanization process is quickening, traditional cityscale is expanding into metropolis (Tianjin, Xi’an,Chengdu, Chongqing, etc.) or super cities (Beijing,Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc.…