无核葡萄胚发育及早期离体培养的研究:Ⅲ.培养方式对离体胚发育的影响

对5个无核葡萄品种的试验表明,不同培养方式对离体胚发育的影响是很明显的,其中4个品种胚发育率液体培养高于固体培养,‘京早晶’在液体培养中胚发育率高达73.7%,是目前国内外胚发育率最高的报道;液体培养比固体培养胚的发育程度高,发育整齐,无畸形胚,易成苗.     

黄土低山丘陵及坨甸草原区风蚀规律的研究

本文通过对黄土低山丘陵及坨甸草原区248个风蚀图斑资料的分析,运用线性模型理论,对此地区的风蚀规律进行了研究。获得了下垫面各因素与风蚀量关系的数学模型。找出了影响风蚀的主导因素,并系统阐述了植被覆盖度和土地利用类型对风蚀量大小的影响,且与水蚀规律进行了比较分析。     

Seroprevalence of porcine and human influenza A virus antibodies in pigs between 1986 and 1988 in Hassia

1,268 sera collected from slaughtered pigs in Hassia (FRG) from 1986 to 1988 were tested for antibodies against porcine and human influenza A virus strains using the single radial haemolysis test (SRHT). Antibodies against the porcine strains (subtype H1N1) A/Swine/Arnsberg/1/81, A/Swine/Iowa/15/30 and A/New Jersey/7/76 were detected in 411 (32.4%), 318 (25.1%) and 304 (24.0%) of sera, respectively. Up to 1988 a slight increase (10%) in the seroprevalence to A/Swine/Arnsberg/1/81 was noticed, whereas the results obtained with the other strains showed little variation. Antibodies against the human H1N1 strain A/Singapore/6/86 were only found in sera collected 1987 and 1988 in rates of 1.6% and 3.0%. Serological indication of infections with the human H3N2 strains A/Victoria/1/75, A/Hong Kong/1/68 and A/Philippines/2/82 could be shown in 286 (22.6%), 178 (14.4%) and 135 (10.6%) of the serum samples. Within the three year period the rate of sera positive for antibodies against A/Philippines/2/82 increased from 6.5% to 23.0%, whereas no variation in the rates were found using the other H3N2 strains. Antibodies simultaneously against porcine (H1N1) and human (H3N2) virus strains were detected in 9.9% of all sera tested.     

Re-defining tillage erosion: quantifying intensity–direction relationships for complex terrain

Abstract. Current tillage erosion models account for the influence of tillage direction in the magnitude of the soil (tillage) transport coefficient. It is argued here that this is counter-intuitive and causes significant problems in modelling tillage erosion in areas of complex terrain. This article examines whether a re-modelling of tillage erosion is possible that separates tillage direction (an interaction with the landform) from the soil transport coefficient (a measure of tillage intensity representing the combination of implement erosivity and soil erodibility). Experimental data for mouldboard ploughing upslope, downslope and cross-slope at Coombe Barton Farm, Devon are examined. Integration of data for all directions into a single relationship, which relates translocation in the direction of tillage to slope in the direction of tillage and translocation perpendicular to tillage to slope perpendicular to tillage, is not possible using previously published methods of analysis. However, when total translocation distance is regressed against the tangent of the slope at 45° to the tillage direction (bisecting the tillage direction and the direction of overturning) it is found that a single relationship can be used to describe tillage in all three directions. Therefore, this relationship is used to determine a single value of the soil transport coefficient ( k _fTa) for constant soil and implement conditions but different tillage directions. This redefinition of tillage is important both for true estimation of tillage erosion severity, the adirectional coefficient being 40% larger than the directional coefficient, and for modelling of tillage erosion in complex terrain. These improvements are vital when tillage erosion simulation is used to direct soil conservation strategies.     

浅谈建立郑州市道路路面养护管理系统

路面管理系统是通过对路面运行状况、使用性能、使用周期、进行对比、分析，预测路面管理的最佳养护预算投资并在最佳养护经济投资条件等各种因素限制下，寻求道路养护管理最佳战略决策。     

深基坑锻锤基础冬期施工

在冬期施工，对于土方开挖、钢筋绑扎、人员的通行、砼的浇铸、砼的温度控制，基坑的保温等都带来一定困难，为此提出了深基坑锻锤基础才是最佳实践应用。     

农药酶免疫分析技术研究进展

自从酶免疫分析原理提出后，近30年来已获得了巨大的进步，成为农药分析的一个非常重要的方法。本文对农药酶免疫分析技术的原理和测定程序进行了评述．并总结了近年酶免疫分析在农药领域研究中的应用，最后，对农药酶免疫分析技术存在的问题和发展趋势作了讨论。     

除草剂最低致死剂量(MLHD)使用新技术概述

本文论述了荷兰MLHD技术的基本内容、技术原理、应用程序等．并针对荷兰的农业特点、开发背景，对该技术在荷兰与中国的应用前景及可行性等进行了比较分析．作者认为合理地利用该技术将有利于我国农业的可持续发展。     

西北太平洋公海两种大洋性鱿鱼营养生态位分析

为了深入了解大洋性鱿鱼在西北太平洋食物网中的作用,根据2021和2022年上海海洋大学“淞航”号开展农业农村部公海渔业资源综合科学调查专项时采集的样品,利用碳氮稳定同位素技术对西北太平洋柔鱼Ommastrephes bartramii和日本爪乌贼Onychoteuthis borealijaponicus两种头足类肌肉稳定同位素以及营养生态位进行研究。结果表明：柔鱼各站点间的δ13C、δ15N值都存在显著性差异（δ13C:F=3.073, P<0.05;δ15N:F=4.164,P<0.05）;日本爪乌贼两个站点间的δ13C存在显著性差异（t=-3.108,P<0.05）、δ15N值差异性不显著（t=1.317,P>0.05）。柔鱼和日本爪乌贼间的肌肉δ13C、δ15N值存在显著差异（δ13C: t=8.681,P<0.05; δ15N: t=13.465,P<0.05）。个体发育过程中,柔鱼、日本爪乌贼的δ13C、δ15N值与胴长相关性不显著（P>0.05）。柔鱼营养生态位宽度（SEAc=0.35‰2）大于日本爪乌贼生态位宽度（SEAc=0.2‰2）,两者之间的重叠率中等(0.314)。柔鱼和日本爪乌贼种内雌雄间生态位重叠率高,分别为0.988、0.76。分析认为,柔鱼和日本爪乌贼的δ13C值受海表温及摄食作用的影响;柔鱼和日本爪乌贼的δ15N值受摄食作用的影响;两种头足类雌性和雄性群体对食物和栖息地资源的利用高度相似。     

德南牛全基因组变异解析和功能基因挖掘

[目的]研究德南牛的群体遗传结构和解析影响其重要性状的关键基因。[方法]通过主成分分析、群体进化树分析、群体遗传结构分析等方法,研究德南牛的遗传结构和与其他品种的亲缘关系;同时,利用全基因组SNP数据,计算德南牛与德国黄牛、南阳牛群体固定指数(Fst)和核苷酸多样性比值(π ratio)、复合似然比(CLR)、XP-EHH等多种选择信号指标,以筛选出德南牛基因组上受到选择的信号,鉴定出重要的候选基因。[结果] 德南牛具有欧洲普通牛(0.789)、东亚牛(0.176)、中国瘤牛(0.035)的混合血统。在θπ和CLR方法中鉴定出93个共有基因,使用FST和XP-EHH方法鉴定出17个共有基因。进行富集以及基因功能注释后,发现这些基因可能与生殖性能(TUBB3、NSD2、GRM1、ERBB4)、生长性状(RFX3、FGFR3、GABRB1、PDE4D)、环境适应性(PGR、GRIA4)和免疫系统反应(P2RY12、P2RY13、GPR87、P2RY14、GPR171)有关。[结论]本项研究发现德南牛血统受德国黄牛影响较多,且挖掘了德南牛基因组内可能具有经济意义的性状相关的选择特征,为德南牛种群的选育提高提供理论支撑。