Approaches to Configuration Determinations of Flexible Marine Natural Products: Advances and Prospects

Flexible marine natural products (MNPs), such as eribulin and bryostatin, play an important role in the development of modern marine drugs. However, due to the multiple chiral centers and geometrical uncertainty of flexible systems, configuration determinations of flexible MNPs face great challenges, which, in turn, have led to obstacles in druggability research. To resolve this issue, the comprehensive use of multiple methods is necessary. Additionally, configuration assignment methods, such as X-ray single-crystal diffraction (crystalline derivatives, crystallization chaperones, and crystalline sponges), NMR-based methods (JBCA and Mosher’s method), circular dichroism-based methods (ECCD and ICD), quantum computational chemistry-based methods (NMR calculations, ECD calculations, and VCD calculations), and chemical transformation-based methods should be summarized. This paper reviews the basic principles, characteristics, and applicability of the methods mentioned above as well as application examples to broaden the research and applications of these methods and to provide a reference for the configuration determinations of flexible MNPs.     

列宁《论合作社》思想对中国农民合作社发展的启示

《论合作社》是列宁晚年阐述经济发展新思路的重要著作,科学阐明了列宁的合作经济理论,系统论证了合作社与社会主义的关系,明确指出了发展合作社的原则、方式与方法,对于新时代我国建立新型农业合作,大力发展合作社生产力,进而提高农民劳动积极性和市场竞争力具有重要意义。     

海鲜菇菌糠微生物发酵及其在肉羊瘤胃降解特性研究

【目的】探究不同微生物菌剂对海鲜菇菌糠发酵效果的影响,并研究其在肉羊瘤胃内降解特性。【方法】以海鲜菇菌糠为主要原料,分别添加0.1%植物乳杆菌、0.1%活菌多复合发酵菌剂、0.1%活菌多复合发酵菌剂＋3%糖蜜以及3%糖蜜,以不添加菌剂和糖蜜的处理为对照组。每处理3个重复,室温厌氧发酵45 d后,取样测定其营养成分（干物质（DM）、粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量）及发酵品质（pH及乳酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量）。取发酵效果最佳处理的发酵菌糠和菌糠原料进行瘤胃降解试验,测定发酵前后海鲜菇菌糠DM、CP、NDF和ADF不同发酵时间点（4,8,12,24,48及72 h）的瘤胃降解率,并计算降解参数及有效降解率。【结果】与对照组相比,各试验组CP含量均升高,NDF含量均降低,其中0.1%活菌多复合发酵菌剂＋3%糖蜜处理发酵效果最佳,其CP含量提高了9.69%（P＜0.05）,NDF、ADF和半纤维素含量分别下降了9.12%（P＜0.05）,2.66%和28.71%。各试验组pH较对照组均显著降低（P＜0.05）,乳酸含量均升高,其中0.1%活菌多复合发酵菌剂＋3%糖蜜处理组pH值最低,为3.29,乳酸含量最高（7.84%）,较对照组提高了33.11%（P＜0.05）。0.1%活菌多复合发酵菌剂＋3%糖蜜处理组菌糠DM、CP、NDF和ADF的72 h瘤胃降解率较发酵前分别提高了8.61%,8.58%,14.75%和8.93%（P＜0.05）,有效降解率较发酵前分别提高了7.66%,11.75%,20.74%和3.39%（P＞0.05）。【结论】在海鲜菇菌糠中添加0.1%活菌多复合发酵菌剂＋3%糖蜜能明显提高其营养价值、发酵品质及其在肉羊瘤胃中的降解率。     

完善的后续政策是巩固退耕还林成果的重要前提

1999年以来,长江上游、黄河上中游等地区开展的退耕还林的试点工作,是加强西部地区生态环境建设和保护的重要举措,也是贫困山区农民脱贫致富的有效途径.目前,第一批退耕还林工程现已进入成果巩固阶段,但是,原有的政策措施已不适应成果巩固阶段的要求.为把退耕还林工作扎实、稳妥、健康地向前推进,必须进一步完善退耕还林的政策措施.针对退耕还林工程中存在的问题,提出了巩固退耕还林成果的后续政策.     

不同耕作方式对旱作区冬小麦生产和产量的影响

为了筛选出适宜旱作区推广的耕作技术,在旱作大田条件下,设置一次深翻、免耕覆盖、深松覆盖、传统耕作四种耕作方式,研究了不同耕作方式下花后土壤水分和养分状况、小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、小麦旗叶净光合速率和小麦籽粒灌浆速率及产量。结果表明,免耕覆盖、深松覆盖开花期和灌浆期0～40 cm土层土壤水分含量分别比传统耕作提高了4.13%、6.23%和5.50%、9.27%,0～40 cm土层土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于传统耕作,为小麦开花后生长发育提供了良好的环境,从而提高了小麦灌浆中后期旗叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率,促进花后干物质积累及干物质向籽粒转运,进而提高了籽粒灌浆速率,使得籽粒产量显著提高。     

Irrigation scheduling based on yield and quality in Bromus inermis北大核心CSCD

A suitably calculated irrigation regime can improve the productivity of artificial grassland,improve the quality of pasture and enhance water use efficiency in drier areas. In this research we compared the effects of two irrigation regimes（regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages,I1;regulated deficit irrigation over the whole growth period ,I2）on yield and quality of Bromus inermis in the Hexi Corridor. Irrigation scheduling was optimized by considering the results of field trials and simulations of irrigation scheduling in typical dry years to provide a theoretical basis for local production practices. The results showed that：The yield of B. inermis in I1 initially increased and then decreased with successive increases in the amount of water applied,while in I2 B. inermis yield showed an increasing trend across the range of irrigation rates tested. In both irrigation regimes,the crude protein content of B. inermis gradually decreased with increasing water supply,while the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents increased somewhat. Compared with I2,B. inermis yield was increased by 23.11% on average and crude protein content by 6. 09% on average in I1;therefore,the I1 irrigation regime was superior. Based on the field trial combined with the simulation of irrigation scheduling in a typical dry year,it was found that a treatment designated ［greening stage （75%-85% θFC）,jointing stage （65%-85% θFC）,and tasseling stage （65%-85% θFC）,I1DF1］,irrigation frequency of 12 times,and a total irrigation amount of 521. 76 mm provided water-saving benefits and stable yield in B. inermis in the Hexi Corridor. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

龙眼高接换种技术与效益

泉州市是福建省龙眼栽培面积最大的地级市,至1998年总面积达3·313万hm2,仅南安市龙眼总面积就有1·36万hm2,占泉州市的41%。泉州市主栽品种福眼占总面积的95%以上。福眼系中熟大果型、可溶性固形物含量较低、可食率较高的制罐良种,目前泉州市“七五”和“八五”期间种植的龙眼     

猕猴桃溃疡病防治研究

对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病防治方法进行研究,结果表明,冬末春初“划道”控制,病斑,夏委彻底刮除治疗病斑,疗效达80％－90％,DTMz等为此病防治的首选药物。     

基于反射光谱预处理的苹果叶片叶绿素含量预测

以苹果叶片叶绿素含量为研究对象,定量研究了光谱数据预处理方法对光谱特征提取及叶绿素含量预测模型的影响。首先,比较了苹果叶片原始反射率光谱、小波包去噪反射率光谱、反射率一阶差分光谱、先小波包去噪后一阶差分光谱、先一阶差分后小波包去噪光谱这5种光谱的波段间相关系数以及光谱与叶绿素含量间的相关系数,建立了叶绿素含量预测逐步回归模型并对建模结果进行了比较分析。结果表明单纯3层sym8小波包去噪可使光谱曲线平滑,但不会明显提高模型精度;一阶差分虽然放大了局部噪声,但是消除了基线漂移影响,可提高模型精度;先差分后小波包去噪比先小波包去噪后差分具有更高的峰值信号噪声比,更低的均方误差与最大误差,建模结果也显示出同样的结果。因此,先差分后小波包去噪算法可认为是一种有效的苹果叶片叶绿素含量预测光谱预处理方法。利用这一方法建立了苹果叶片叶绿素含量预测模型,获得了较高的预测精度。该研究可用于对苹果树营养状态的评价并指导按需施肥。