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1.
Three serological methods, the Rose-Bengal test (RBT), the complement-fixation test (CFT) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) were compared for the detection of Brucella-infected animals in unvaccinated cattle herds in Eritrea. In this study, 71 herds first were classified as positive or negative for Brucella infection on the basis of at least one animal being seropositive by RBT and CFT. All the 159 RBT-positive samples from the 26 seropositive herds and 214 RBT-negative samples randomly selected from the seropositive herds and from the 45 negative herds were tested further by CFT and I-ELISA. Using the ELISA titer as main predictor, and incorporating the RBT results, a logistic model was built to predict the CFT-negative or -positive status of individual sera and to estimate sensitivity and specificity. Whilst the ELISA titers (< or =20) accurately predicted all the negative sera in herds that were also negative by the CFT, the number of seropositive animals was higher by ELISA in herds that had positive animals. Serum samples which give higher degrees of agglutination with the RBT need not be re-tested with CFT; consideration of the seropositive status of a herd should be taken into consideration on defining the cut-off optical density readings for ELISA. 相似文献
2.
Comparative Expression Analysis of Gametogenesis‐Associated Genes in Foetal and Adult Bubaline (Bubalus bubalis) Ovaries and Testes
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SM Shah N Saini S Ashraf M Zandi MK Singh RS Manik SK Singla P Palta MS Chauhan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(3):365-377
This study was conducted to identify and analyse the expression of gametogenesis‐associated genes and proteins in foetal and adult buffalo gonads of both the sexes. Relative quantification of the genes was determined by qPCR and Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was also performed for various gametogenesis‐associated proteins in foetal and adult gonads of both the sexes. We observed significantly (p < 0.05) increased expression of primordial germ cell‐specific, meiotic as well as genes associated with oocyte maturation and development in foetal ovaries as compared to the adult ones. However, significantly (p < 0.05) increased expression of proteins associated with oocyte maturation like GDF9 and ZP4 was found in adult ovaries, indicating temporal regulation of mRNA translation during oogenesis. Meiotic genes showed significantly (p < 0.05) increased expression in adult testes as compared to foetal testes and ovaries, indicating onset of meiosis at a later stage in spermatogenesis. In general, the expression of primordial germ cell‐associated as well as meiotic genes was higher in adult testes, indicating the increased biological activity in the organ. Immunohistochemistry revealed localized expression of gametogenesis‐associated proteins in ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules of testes, while the surrounding somatic tissues were devoid of these proteins. The study gives an understanding of the sequential and temporal events of gene expression as well as mRNA translation during male and female gametogenesis. It could also be concluded that follicles and seminiferous tubules are the functional units of the female and male gonads, respectively, and their function could be enhanced by appropriate chemical and genetic intervention of the somatic tissue immediately surrounding them. This assumes importance in the context that buffalo attains sexual maturity at an older age of 2–3 years and have smaller ovaries with lesser number of primordial follicles in comparison with cattle, which is suggested to be the main reason of their poor breeding performance. 相似文献
3.
Experimentally altered ability of transferred spleen cells to generate hemolytic plaque-forming cells provided evidence that antigens compete for a type of multipotential cell that contributes to the formation of immunologically competent units. De'ay of exposure of transferred spleen cells to antigen provided results which suggest that different types of cells interact to form competent, antigen-reactive units even in the absence of antigen. 相似文献
4.
Hilal Yildiz Sezai Ercisli Memnune Sengul Elif Feyza Topdas Omer Beyhan Ozlem Cakir Haluk Kemal Narmanlioglu Emine Orhan 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2014,56(4):123-129
Increasing consumer demands for indigenous, non-sprayed with pesticides and less-known or “forgotten” fruits necessitate knowledge on their breeding, cultivation, biochemical content, harvesting and marketing. Anatolia is rich for wild edible fruit species and barberry is abundant throughout Anatolia. The aim of this study was to determine some important physicochemical characteristics, bioactive content and antioxidant capacity of fruits from nineteen promising barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) genotypes grown in the Coruh valley, Northeastern Anatolia. The results indicated genotype-specific differences for most of the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant capacity and the content of some bioactive compounds. Fruit mass ranged from 0.073 (‘Coruh-7’) to 0.267 g (‘Coruh-11’). Total phenolic content ranged from 2532 (‘Coruh-’) to 3719 mg GAE per liter fruit juice (‘Coruh-11’). The genotype ‘Coruh-12’ had the highest total monomeric anthocyanin content (1004 mg per liter fruit juice) as cyanidin-3-glucoside. The highest total antioxidant capacity was observed in fruits of ‘Coruh-8’ and ‘Coruh-9’ genotypes with all three antioxidant-determining methods. We conclude that the barberry fruits represent a good source of bioactive phytochemicals because of their high phenolic and anthocyanin contents. 相似文献
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G Elamaran KP Singh MK Singh SK Singla MS Chauhan RS Manik P Palta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(6):1027-1036
This study examined the effects of O2 concentration (5% vs 20%) during in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF) and culture (IVC) or supplementation of IVM and IVC media with cysteamine (50 and 100 μm , respectively; IVM, IVF and IVC carried out in 20% O2), on blastocyst rate and relative mRNA abundance of some apoptosis‐related genes measured by real‐time qPCR in immature and in vitro‐matured buffalo oocytes and in embryos at 2‐, 4‐, 8‐ to 16‐cell, morula and blastocyst stages. The blastocyst rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) while the percentage of TUNEL‐positive cells was significantly lower (p < 0.05) under 5% O2 than that under 20% O2. The mRNA expression of anti‐apoptotic genes BCL‐2 and MCL‐1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and that of pro‐apoptotic genes BAX and BID was lower (p < 0.05) under 5% O2 than that under 20% O2 concentration at many embryonic stages. Following cysteamine supplementation, the blastocyst rate and the relative mRNA abundance of BCL‐XL and MCL‐1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and that of BAX but not BID was lower (p < 0.05) at many stages of embryonic development, although it did not affect the percentage of TUNEL positive cells in the blastocysts significantly. The mRNA expression pattern of these genes during embryonic development was different in 5% vs 20% O2 groups and in cysteamine supplemented vs controls. At the 8‐ to 16‐cell stage, where developmental block occurs in buffalo, the relative mRNA abundance of BCL‐2 and MCL‐1 was highest under 5% O2 concentration and that of BAX and BID was highest (p < 0.05) under 20% O2 concentration. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms through which beneficial effects of low O2 concentration and cysteamine supplementation are mediated during in vitro embryo production is through an increase in the expression of anti‐apoptotic and a decrease in the expression of pro‐apoptotic genes. 相似文献
8.
Muhammad Omer Aijaz Sajjad Haider Fahad S. Al-Mubaddel Rawaiz Khan Adnan Haider Abdulaziz Abdullah Alghyamah Waheed A. Almasry Mohammad Sherjeel Javed Khan Muhammad Javid Wajahat Ur Rehman 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(4):611-618
The present study is focused on studying the swelling kinetics, thermal and aqueous stabilities, and determination of various forms of water in the chitosan (CS) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blend and semi-interpenetrating polymer network (sIPN). CS/PAN blend hydrogel films were prepared by solution casting technique. The blend film with optimum swelling properties was selected for the synthesis of sIPN. CS in the blend was crosslinked with the vapors of Glutaraldehyde (GTA) to prepare sIPN. The fabricated CS/PAN blend and sIPN hydrogels films were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The kinetics of swelling, bound and unbound waters and aqueous stability were determined experimentally. FESEM showed good miscibility between CS and PAN, FTIR showed no chemical interaction between CS and PAN; however, it did show a doublet for the sIPN, TGA showed improved thermal stability and swelling kinetic followed second order kinetics. The degree of swelling of the sIPN hydrogels samples at room temperature varied from ~2200 % (with a fair degree of stability (~30 %)) to ~1000 % (with high degree of aqueous stability (43 %)) with increase in the crosslinking time. The calculated unbound water (WUB) max., for the blend was 52.3 % whereas for the bound (WB) the max., was 41.9 %. However, for sIPN hydrogel films, the WUB water decreased (max. 21.0 %) where as the WB increased (max. 52.0 %). The decrease in WUB and increase in the WB is attributed to the formation of a compact structure and increase in the contact area between the water and polymers in sIPN hydrogels due to the induction of new water contacting point in these hydrogel films, respectively. 相似文献
9.
Amir D. Omer Marshall W. Johnson Bruce E. Tabashnik Diane E. Ullman 《Pest management science》1993,37(3):253-259
Susceptibility to acephate, methomyl, and permethrin was determined with laboratory bioassays for adults of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, from 12 to 14 sites in Hawaii. Comparisons at LC50 showed up to 42-fold resistance to acephate, 36-fold resistance to methomyl, and 8-fold resistance to permethrin. Higher levels of resistance to acephate and methomyl than to permethrin are consistent with greater use of organophosphates and carbamates than pyrethroids by growers. Insecticide use varied from 1 to 98 insecticide sprays per site per season. Significant positive associations between LC50 for each insecticide and frequency of application of the same insecticide were found across sites. This finding suggests that local variation in insecticide use was an important cause of variation in susceptibility. 相似文献
10.
The essential oils of four medicinal plants belonging to Lamiaceae were explored for phytonematode control. The four oils inhibited (P<0.05) nematode motility butMentba spicata was generally more effective in reducing the numbers of active nematodes followed byThymus vulgaris, Majorana bortensis andMentba longifolia. The main corresponding compound of each oil, determined by GLC analysis, was carvone (58.14%), P-cymene (40.5%), terpinen-4-ol (41.6%) and carvone (70.36%). Soil stages of the reniform nematode were more affected by the oil than those of the ring and lance nematodes. When transferred to water, the total nematodes that regained their activeness ranged from 12% forT. vulgaris to 60% forM. longifolia. The four 0.1 oil solutions inhibited more than to about 3.5% at the control. The content of oxygenated compounds in these oils ranged from 45.79% to 96.5% and may be partially responsible for the nematicidal effects. 相似文献