温度对截形叶螨生长发育和繁殖的影响

在室内15—35℃恒温条件下,截形叶螨的发育历期与温度呈负相关,在15、25和35℃下雌螨一代平均历期分别为32.13、9.02和5.64天;雌、雄螨一代发育起点温度分别为10.90和11.33℃,有效积温分别为135.42和110.47日度;不同温度对世代存活率及子代雌雄性比的影响无显著差异,但雌成螨的寿命及产卵期均随着温度的升高而缩短;30℃下内禀增长率(0.3298)、周限增长率(1.3907)、净增殖率(130.993)、日产卵量(10.98)及总产卵量(181.90)都最高,30℃是种群繁殖增长的最适温度。     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.     

鲤鱼肠道中4种细菌的分离与生化鉴定

为研究健康鲤鱼肠道菌群组成情况,为其饲料添加剂和水质改良剂的开发利用提供基础资料,试验对鲤鱼肠道中的细菌进行分离培养,通过形态特征观察、生化试验进行鉴定.结果:在鲤鱼肠道中分离出4种细菌,分别为:金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)、沙门氏菌(salmonella)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).     

缺磷胁迫下长豇豆幼苗膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的变化

 研究对缺磷敏感程度不同的长豇豆品种在缺磷胁迫下叶片和根系SOD、CAT、POD活性及MDA含量的变化。结果表明，对缺磷不敏感的‘芦花白’保护酶活性升高或升幅较大，对缺磷敏感的‘二芦白’则活性下降或升幅较小，缺磷胁迫下长豇豆根SOD和POD活性升高。     

杂交双季晚稻二化螟为害损失测定

对水稻二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)为害损失及其估计方法,国内外进行过大量研究,但限于研究环境及方法的特殊性,结果差异甚大,难以通用。湖北省近年来,杂交中稻、杂交双季晚稻上二化螟的第二、三代为害显著加重,为了制定合理的防治指标,本研究对杂交双季晚稻第三代二化螟为害损失进行了田间测定。     

Effects of high temperature after anthesis on starch granules in grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The effect of high temperatures (above 25°C) on starch concentration and the morphology of starch granules in the grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied. Wheat plants of cultivars Yangmai 9 (weak-gluten) and Yangmai 12 (medium-gluten) were treated with high temperatures for 3 days at different times after anthesis. The results showed that the starch concentration of grains given a heat-shock treatment above 30°C were lower than those developing at normal temperature in both cultivars. High temperature lowered starch concentration due to the decrease of amylopectin. Under the same temperature, the effect of heat shock from 6 to 8 days after anthesis (DAA) was the greatest, whereas from 36 to 38 DAA the effect was the least. The effects of high temperatures after anthesis on starch-pasting properties were similar to those on starch concentration, especially after 35-40°C treatments. The size, shape and structure of starch granules in wheat grains (determined by electron microscopy) after heat shock were visibly different from the control. When given heat shock during development, the starch granules in mature wheat grains were ellipsoid in shape and bound loosely with a protein sheath in Yangmai 9, while they were damaged and compressed with fissures in Yangmai 12, indicating the differences in resistance to high temperature between cultivars. Ratios of large (type-A) and small (type-B) starch granules significantly decreased under heat shock, which limited the potential sink size for dry matter deposition in the grain.     

基于PID算法的温室环境控制系统设计

随着现代计算机信息技术和自动化控制技术在农业领域的快速发展,温室的结构档次正不断提高,加之农作物对外部环境的依赖性强,搭建一种适合农作物生长的温室环境控制系统,已成为农业种植者的迫切需求。该文针对温室环境信息智能化管理需求,通过调控农作物的环境因素,创造出适宜农作物生长的环境,从而达到农作物反季节生产和提高产量的目的。为了进一步提高温室智能控制的精准度以及提高农作物生产效率,基于PID控制算法,设计了一套典型的、符合我国农情的温室环境控制系统。该系统将在调节温室环境参数和改善作物生长环境方面发挥重要作用。      

Catechin transformation as influenced by aluminum

Polyphenols (catechins) are vital biomolecules in tea plants (Camellia sinensis), which are well-known as typical Al accumulators. However, the interaction between Al and catechin remains obscured. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of Al on the transformation of (+)-catechin. Solutions with OH/Al molar ratios of 2.5 (pH 5.5) and 3.0 (pH 7.0) prepared at Al/catechin molar ratios (R) of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 were aged for 7 and 30 days, respectively. The precipitates were collected and examined by wet chemistry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR), cross-polarization magic angle (CPMAS) 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) analyses, and Fourier transformation infrared absorption spectrometry (FT-IR). The weight of the precipitates increased with increasing Al/catechin molar ratios and with prolonged aging. The molar ratios of Al/catechin in the precipitates increased with increasing initial Al/catechin molar ratios and were close to the initial solution Al/catechin molar ratios. The chemical analysis and spectroscopic studies indicated that Al was bonded with catechin, forming a 1:1 type complex. The reaction of crystalline catechin with Al resulted in the formation of X-ray noncrystalline precipitates. The solid-state CPMAS 13C NMR spectra of the precipitates show the change in chemical shifts of catechin as a result of catechin complexation with Al. The FT-IR spectra of the Al-catechin precipitates also show the loss of absorption bands of several functional groups compared with catechin. The FT-IR data substantiate this reasoning. The ESR spectra of the precipitates show a single symmetrical line devoid of any fine splitting, indicating the presence of free radicals of semiquinones, which are commonly present in humified materials.     

火焰石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计的期间核查及问题探讨

指出了检测仪器设备在检定/校准期间内必须进行期间核查,以确保检测仪器设备处于良好的正常状态,从而保证检测数据的准确可靠.依据JJG 694-2009《原子吸收分光光度计检定规程》,对单位实验室在用的火焰石墨炉一体化原子吸收分光光度计进行了期间核查.核查内容包括测量线性R,检出限,测量重复性,线性误差和准确性,各项核查结...