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1.
Ariana M.P. Nap Yvonne W.E.A. Pollak Walter E. van den Brom Ad Rijnberk DVM PhD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1994,8(4):302-303
Thyroidal 99m TcO4 (pertechnetate) uptake percentages were determined in unanesthetized euthyroid (n = 13) and hyperthyroid (n = 18) cats. Maximal uptakes were observed 60 minutes after IV injection of the radionuclide and ranged from 0.3 to 3.9% of the dose in euthyroid cats (median 2.23%) and from 5.2% to 23.9% of the dose in hyperthyroid cats (median 14.8%) ( P < .05). There were no overlaps in pertechnetate uptake percentages during any of the intervals evaluated. It is concluded that the optimal time for visualization of the thyroid by 99m TcO4 -scanning is 60 minutes after IV injection of the radionuclide. Calculation of the percentage uptake is of additional diagnostic value. 相似文献
2.
The annual dynamics of fish assemblage in a pond-connecting canal of a South Moravian pond aquaculture facility was studied
to reveal potential assemblage effects on pond stocks and vice versa. The species richness of fish assemblage and seasonal
dynamics of its development were predominantly dependent upon the fish stock of the interconnected ponds (particularly due
to escapees during the period of pond harvesting), which contributed to a considerable increase of commercial fish species
occurrence. Using a seasonal parameter, the season proved to have a major impact on fish assemblage dynamics (r = −0.71, P < 0.001). Spring samples were dominated by commercial fishes of aquaculture origin (mainly Cyprinus carpio). Occurrence of several fish species originating from the wild (bleak, Alburnus alburnus, chub, Leuciscus cephalus and roach, Rutilus rutilus) was also reported.
The pond canal was found to be an important reservoir site of persistent survival and potential subsequent spreading of some
undesirable alien fishes such as topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) and gibel carp (Carrasius auratus). Moreover, more attention should be paid to the potential negative impacts of all fishes of aquaculture origin upon the
natural ecosystem and to the adverse effects due to the immigration of wild fish into aquaculture pond farming units. 相似文献
3.
4.
Terracciano A Abdel-Khalek AM Adám N Adamovová L Ahn CK Ahn HN Alansari BM Alcalay L Allik J Angleitner A Avia MD Ayearst LE Barbaranelli C Beer A Borg-Cunen MA Bratko D Brunner-Sciarra M Budzinski L Camart N Dahourou D De Fruyt F de Lima MP del Pilar GE Diener E Falzon R Fernando K Ficková E Fischer R Flores-Mendoza C Ghayur MA Gülgöz S Hagberg B Halberstadt J Halim MS Hrebícková M Humrichouse J Jensen HH Jocic DD Jónsson FH Khoury B Klinkosz W Knezević G Lauri MA Leibovich N Martin TA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5745):96-100
Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity. 相似文献
5.
Yared Tesfai Tewoldemedhin Mark Mazzola Wilhelm J. Botha Christoffel F. J. Spies Adéle McLeod 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(2):215-229
Several species of fungi and oomycetes including Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Phytophthora and Pythium have been reported as root pathogens of apple where they contribute to a phenomenon known as apple replant disease. In South
Africa, little is known about specific species in these genera and their pathogenicity toward apple. Therefore, these aspects
were investigated along with the development and optimization of qPCR tests for detection and quantification of the most virulent
oomycete species. In eight investigated orchards, the oomycete Phythophthora cactorum was widely distributed, while nine Pythium species were differentially distributed among the orchards. Pythium irregulare was the most widely distributed and the most virulent species along with P. sylvaticum, P. vexans and Ph. cactorum. Seven binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis groups (AGs) were also differentially distributed among the orchards, with the majority appearing to be non-pathogenic
while certain AG-I and AG-F isolates exhibited low virulence on apple. In the genus Fusarium, F. oxysporum was widely distributed, but isolates were non-pathogenic. Fusarium solani and F. avenaceum were less frequently encountered, with only some isolates having low virulence. qPCR data obtained from seedling roots inoculated
with the most virulent Pythium species (P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum and P. vexans) and the genus Phytophthora were not always reproducible between trials, or isolates of the same species. In general, seedling growth inhibition was
associated with the presence of a low amount of pathogen DNA (±40 fg μl−1 to 2 pg μl−1) in roots. Pythium irregulare, although having the lowest DNA concentrations in roots, was the only species for which a significant negative correlation
was found between seedling weight and pathogen DNA concentration. 相似文献
6.
Yared Tesfai Tewoldemedhin Mark Mazzola Lizel Mostert Adéle McLeod 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,129(4):637-651
Cylindrocarpon species are known to be a component of the pathogen/pest complex that incites apple replant disease. In South Africa, no
information is available on apple associated Cylindrocarpon species and their pathogenicity. Therefore, these aspects were investigated. Among the isolates recovered from apple roots
in South Africa, four species (C. destructans, C. liriodendri, C. macrodidymum and C. pauciseptatum) were identified using β-tubulin gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. This is the first report of C. liriodendri, C. macrodidymum and C. pauciseptatum on apple trees. Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum was the most prevalent. Isolates within each of the four species were pathogenic towards apple seedlings, but varied in their
virulence. With a single exception, all isolates were able to induce lesion development on seedling roots. Only 57% of the
isolates, which represented all four species, were able to cause a significant reduction in seedling weight and/or height.
The greatest seedling growth reductions were caused by two isolates of C. destructans, and one isolate each of C. liriodendri and C. macrodidymum. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method was developed for simultaneous detection of all four Cylindrocarpon species. qPCR analyses of Cylindrocarpon from the roots of inoculated seedlings showed that the amount of Cylindrocarpon DNA in roots was not correlated to seedling growth reductions (weight and height) or root rot. The qPCR method is, however,
very useful for the rapid identification of apple associated Cylindrocarpon species in roots. The technique may also hold potential for being indicative of Cylindrocarpon disease potential if rhizosphere soil rather than roots are used. 相似文献
7.
Regional Sediment Deficits in the Dutch Lowlands: Implications for Long-Term Land-Use Options (8 pp)
Michiel J. van der Meulen Ad J. F. van der Spek Ger de Lange Stephan H. L. L. Gruijters Serge F. van Gessel Buu-Long Nguyen Denise Maljers Jeroen Schokker Jan P. M. Mulder Rob A. A. van der Krogt 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2007,7(1):9-16
Background, Aim and Scope
Coastal and river plains are the surfaces of depositional systems, to which sediment input is a parameter of key-importance.
Their habitation and economic development usually requires protection with dikes, quays, etc., which are effective in retaining
floods but have the side effect of retarding sedimentation in their hinterlands. The flood-protected Dutch lowlands (so-called
dike-ring areas) have been sediment-starved for up to about a millennium. In addition to this, peat decomposition and soil
compaction, brought about by land drainage, have caused significant land subsidence. Sediment deficiency, defined as the combined
effect of sediment-starvation and drainage-induced volume losses, has already been substantial in this area, and it is expected
to become urgent in view of the forecasted effects of climate change (sea-level rise, intensified precipitation and run-off).
We therefore explore this deficiency, compare it with natural (Holocene) and current human sediment inputs, and discuss it
in terms of long-term land-use options.
Materials and Methods:
We use available 3D geological models to define natural sediment inputs to our study area. Recent progress in large-scale
modelling of peat oxidation and compaction enables us to address volume loss associated with these processes. Human sediment
inputs are based on published minerals statistics. All results are given as first-order approximations.
Results:
The current sediment deficit in the diked lowlands of the Netherlands is estimated at 136 ± 67 million m3/a. About 85% of
this volume is the hypothetical amount of sediment required to keep up with sea-level rise, and 15% is the effect of land
drainage (peat decomposition and compaction). The average Holocene sediment input to our study area (based on a total of 145
km3) is ~14 million m3/a, and the maximum (millennium-averaged) input ~26 million m3/a. Historical sediment deficiency has
resulted in an unused sediment accommodation space of about 13.3 km3. Net human input of sediment material currently amounts
to ~23 million m3/a.
Discussion:
As sedimentary processes in the Dutch lowlands have been retarded, the depositional system's natural resilience to sea-level
rise is low, and all that is left to cope is human countermeasure. Preserving some sort of status quo with water management
solutions may reach its limits in the foreseeable future. The most viable long-term solutions therefore seem a combination
of allowing for more water in open country (anything from flood-buffer zones to open water) and raising lands that are to
be built up (enabling their lasting protection). As to the latter, doubling or tripling the use of filling sand in a planned
and sustained effort may resolve up to one half of the Dutch sediment deficiency problems in about a century.
Conclusions:
Conclusions, Recommendations and Perspectives. We conclude that sediment deficiency – past, present and future – challenges
the sustainable habitation of the Dutch lowlands. In order to explore possible solutions, we recommend the development of
long-term scenarios for the changing lowland physiography, that include the effects of Global Change, compensation measures,
costs and benefits, and the implications for long-term land-use options.
Recommendations and Perspectives:
- 相似文献
8.
Two different egg based media, with and without the incorporation of sodium pyruvate, were used to isolate M. paratuberculosis from sheep, goat and cattle samples obtained at our laboratory for two years. Both media were adequate for bovine material, with a slightly improved isolation rate for Herrold's egg yolk medium incorporating sodium pyruvate; however, most of the small ruminant strains grew only on L?wenstein-Jensen medium without sodium pyruvate. Those results point out the need to use different media when working with small ruminant samples and provide further evidence for the existence of different varieties of M. paratuberculosis causing paratuberculosis in cattle and in small ruminants. 相似文献
9.
Mariëlle M.C. Goossens Ad Rijnberk Jan A. Mol Jeannette Wolfswinkel George Voorhout 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1995,9(5):361-365
Central diabetes insipidus was diagnosed by vasopressin measurements during hypertonic stimulation in a 9-year-old male giant Schnauzer with polyuria and polydipsia. The impaired release of vasopressin was believed to be caused by a large pituitary tumor, which was visualized by computed tomography. Studies of the function of the anterior lobe and the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland were conducted, and high concentrations of ACTH and α-melanotrophic hormone (α-MSH) were found without concomitant hyperadrenocorticism. Studies of the molecular size of the immunoreactive ACTH in plasma by gel filtration revealed that most of the circulating immunoreactivity was not ACTH but its precursor pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and low-molecular-weight POMC-derived peptides. The pituitary tumor of this dog probably originated from melanotrophic cells of the pars intermedia. The sensitivity of the pituitary-adrenocortical system for the suppressive effect of dexamethasone was unaffected. 相似文献
10.