草原毛虫研究现状与展望

草原毛虫属鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）毒蛾科（Lymantriidae）草原毛虫属（Gynaephora）,是我国青藏高原高寒草地的主要害虫之一。该虫不仅取食优良牧草,造成家畜食物短缺,改变草地植物群落结构,加剧草地退化和草地生态环境恶化,而且还会导致家畜中毒,严重阻碍青藏高原畜牧业的健康发展。此外,草原毛虫主要分布于高山或北极地区,为研究生物对严寒、缺氧等极端生态环境的适应性进化机制,提供了一个良好的模式系统。本研究综述了草原毛虫的分类、生物学、生态学及防治等方面的研究现状,并对今后研究重点进行了展望,以期推动我国草原毛虫的基础及应用研究,为该虫的可持续控制提供参考。     

The Influences on Photocatalyzing Properties of TiO2

An immobilized TiO 2 photocatalyst is choosed to treat phenol dicharge. The authors study the remove efficiencies under different conditions through experiments, such as lamping lights,time that the photocatalyst is lamped,pH of phenol dicharge and so on. It is showed that a satisfactory can be presented in the condition that the photocatalyst is lamped by mercury light and the time that light lamping lasts 5 hours long and pH of phenol dicharge is in 2.0.     

Method in Data-Preprocessing Based on Correlation Analysis

Traditional methods in Data Preprocessing haven't made good use of the internal information among the data, so the outcome inevitably apart from the real data greatly and can't appear more information among the data. The authors make use of the concept of correlation coefficient and idea of correlation analysis. A correlation analysis method is given with concrete mathematics. The authors also remedy the lost data from data source, and prove the feasibility of the method through perform mathematical calculations on mass data. The method avails the relationships among the data and drives the data known to remedy the data unknown, and it can do with the data-preprocessing problem that only have the current data not have the historical data.     

河豚毒素的色谱检测

20世纪80年代后，新的河豚毒素检测方法不断出现，这些方法中，各种色谱（包括高效液相色谱－HPLC、气相色谱－GC、薄层色谱－TLC）同相应检测器联合进行TTX检测是目前应用最为广泛的方法。     

我国黑土的退化问题及可持续农业

在分析我国东北黑土的土壤侵蚀、养分减少、物理性状恶化和土壤污染等退化特征的基础上 ,指出了黑土退化的自然因素和人为因素 ,并探讨了黑土退化的防治和可持续农业 ,这对于提高黑土地区土壤的生产力 ,促进可持续农业发展具有重要的意义     

低丘侵蚀红壤复垦后土壤微生物特征研究

侵蚀红壤复垦培肥后 ,随着地面覆盖度的增加 ,土壤结构、土壤通气性、土壤养分状况得到改善 ,各侵蚀观测小区的年径流量、侵蚀模数、土壤流失量急剧降低 ,土壤微生物量、土壤呼吸强度、土壤酶活性均有较大幅度的提高 ,并且其在各小区的分布趋势与土壤养分和土壤水稳性团聚体的分布趋势相一致 ,说明侵蚀红壤经耕作培肥后 ,土壤有机残体的分解强度和腐殖质的合成过程得到加强 ,土壤肥力处于不断的恢复和提高过程当中 ,从土壤微生物和土壤酶活性增强的幅度来看 ,林地要优于草地 ,在林地中阔叶林优于混交林优于针叶林 (杉木林 ) ,而且随着复垦年限增加 ,土壤培肥效果更加显著     

63株传染性法氏囊病病毒分离株单抗反应谱分析

利用 1 2株不同来源的抗传染性法氏囊病病毒 (IBDV)单克隆抗体 ,采用斑点酶联免疫吸附试验方法 ,对 1 992～1 999年从全国不同地区收集的 63株 IBDV毒株进行单抗反应性检测 ,建立各分离毒的单抗反应谱 ,以分析各毒株的抗原性。根据各分离株的单抗反应谱 ,可将 63个分离毒株分成 1 0组     

Urbanization and air quality as major drivers of altered spatiotemporal patterns of heavy rainfall in China

Context

Land use/land cover change and other human activities contribute to the changing climate on regional and global scales, including the increasing occurrence of extreme-precipitation events, but the relative importance of these anthropogenic factors, as compared to climatic factors, remains unclear.

Objectives

The main goal of this study was to determine the relative contributions of human-induced and climatic factors to the altered spatiotemporal patterns of heavy rainfall in China during the past several decades.

Methods

We used daily precipitation data from 659 meteorological stations in China from 1951 to 2010, climatic factors, and anthropogenic data to identify possible causes of the observed spatiotemporal patterns of heavy rainfall in China in the past several decades, and quantify the relative contributions between climatic and human-induced factors.

Results

Our analysis suggests that a total of 84.7–87.5% of the variance in heavy rainfall factors could be explained by large-scale climate phenomena and the local/regional anthropogenic activities. In particular, urbanization and air pollution together explained 58.5–65.5% of the variance. The spatial distribution of heavy rainfall amount and days over time shows a significant and increasing correlation with the spatial distributions of population density and annual low-visibility days.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the substantial increase in heavy rainfall across much of China during the past six decades is likely triggered by local and regional anthropogenic factors. Our results call for a better understanding of local and regional anthropogenic impacts on climate, and the exacerbated extreme climate events as a potential consequence of urbanization and air pollution.

     

针对9种常见肠道致病菌的免疫乳的研究

以9株人肠道病原菌(致病大肠杆菌3株、志贺氏菌3株、沙门氏菌3株)制备的混合抗原对孕牛进行系统免疫，以获得对人致病肠道杆菌具有特异性的牛乳抗体。对母牛进行系统免疫后，免疫乳和非免疫乳中IgG总含量没有显著变化。但经免疫处理的母牛，其初乳(产犊后24h内)中针对9种致病肠道杆菌的特异性IgG效价为2^10-2^12，而非免疫母牛为2^7-2^10，免疫处理后初乳中特异性IgG效价提高了2—9倍；经免疫处理的母牛，其常乳中针对9种致病肠道杆菌的特异性IgG效价为2^6-2^10，而非免疫母牛为2^1-2^6，免疫处理后常乳中特异性IgG效价提高了8-14倍。对免疫乳中IgG热致变性进行研究，其结果为：经60℃、10min，60℃、30min，70℃、10min，70℃、30min，80℃、10min，80℃、30min加热处理，免疫乳中IgG变性率分别为14．81％、25．20％、76．44％、85、58％、100％、100％。对免疫乳中IgG酸稳定性进行研究，其结果为：经pH2、10min，pH2、30min，pH4．5、60min，pH4．5、120min处理，免疫乳中IgG活性持留率分别为66.69％、56．55％、100％、100％。     

加气灌溉不同施肥水平对温室番茄影响效应研究

为探索加气灌溉下作物适宜的施肥量,试验设计了高氮、中氮、低氮3个施肥水平,加气和不加气(作为对照)两种灌水方式,采用两因素三水平完全随机区组设计,共6个处理。研究了加气和不加气两种灌溉方式下,不同施肥水平对温室番茄株高、茎粗、干物质量和品质的影响。结果表明:加气灌溉下,作物株高、茎粗较不加气处理分别显著增大了6.2%、11%,干物质量显著增大了11.7%,单株产量、维C、可溶性糖、有机酸、糖酸比较不加气处理分别显著增大了6.7%、11.6%、11.3%、7.5%、4.1%。因此加气灌溉在促进植株生长发育的同时,也有效提高了作物产量和品质。同时,加气灌溉不同施肥水平试验结果表明,中氮施肥水平下,植株茎粗、干物质量、果实产量、品质较高氮和低氮处理均有显著增大,且施肥水平和加气灌溉对番茄株高、产量产生显著的交叉影响效应。因此,考虑各处理对番茄生长发育、产量品质的综合影响,加气灌溉中氮施肥水平是较优的灌溉施肥模式。