种间互作对苹果/白三叶复合系统根系生长及分布的影响

设置苹果(Malus demestica Borkh)和白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)单作与间作栽培处理,通过根箱试验研究种间互作对苹果、白三叶根系生长及其分布的影响。结果表明:种间互作导致苹果根系生长发育的正效应和白三叶根系生长发育的负效应;苹果、白三叶不同径级根系对种间互作的响应能力不同,细根比粗根表现出较强的可塑性;苹果细根占总根中的比例提高,而白三叶细根占总根中的比例则降低;种间互作对苹果、白三叶不同径级根垂直分布格局影响不明显,但对不同径级根在各土层中的分布比例产生了明显影响,苹果粗根和细根均有下移的趋势,细根下移的趋势更明显,而白三叶细根分布有上移的趋势,粗根则无明显变化。总之,种间互作对苹果、白三叶根系生长发育及其垂直分布产生了一定的影响,对不同径级根生长及其垂直分布的影响不同。     

Design and fabrication of a novel resonator for resonant accelerometer

A novel resonator for accelerometer with sensing and actuating combs was designed and fabricated based on micro electromechanical system (MEMS) process. Driving force and demand voltage of the resonator were analyzed by analytical method and Finite Element Method (FEM). Sensing capacitance on resonance state and Q factor under atmosphere was calculated by these two methods. The micro fabrication process was planned and realized using MEMS (Micro electromechanical System) method. The testing results show the performance of the resonator is high; the natural frequency of the resonator is 54 523.5 Hz, which has the error of 13.6％ with the theorical value.     

陕西小麦品种（系）脂肪氧化酶活性基因的遗传多态性分析

为给小麦品质改良提供理论依据,利用1A染色体上QLpx.caas1-AL位点的标记Xwmc312及基于4B染色体上TaLOX-B1位点开发的显性互补功能标记LOX16和LOX18,对173份陕西小麦品种(系)进行检测,分析LOX活性基因的遗传多态性。在QLpx.caas1-AL位点,所检测的陕西小麦品种(系)存在Xwmc312-227、Xwmc312-235和Xwmc312-247三种等位变异类型。其中,Xwmc312-227类型有54个,占31.21%;Xwmc312-235类型有31个,占17.92%;Xwmc312-247类型有88个,占50.87%。在TaLOX-B1位点,所检测的品种(系)存在TaLOX-B1a和TaLOX-B1b两种等位变异。其中,TaLOX-B1a类型有39个,占22.54%;TaLOX-B1b类型有134个,占77.46%。两个位点在陕西小麦中存在6种等位变异的组合类型,其总体分布比例不同,以Xwmc312-247/TaLOX-B1b组合类型品种(系)的分布比例最高(41.0%),其次为Xwmc312-227/TaLOX-B1b(19.6%)、Xwmc312-235/TaLOX-B1b(16.8%)、Xwmc312-227/TaLOX-B1a(11.6%)和Xwmc312-247/TaLOX-B1a(9.8%),而以Xwmc312-235/TaLOX-B1a组合类型品种(系)的分布比例最低(1.2%)。6种等位变异组合类型的分布比例在陕西不同麦区也存在差异。在陕西小麦中,低LOX活性等位变异品种(系)的比例明显高于高LOX活性等位变异品种。     

调水工程两部制水价风险分析

两部制水价能有效降低调水工程的经营风险,但也存在不安全因素。本文阐述了两部制水价实施过程中的风险来源;根据两部制水价的结构特征,提出利用总亏损率、短期亏损率、水价超额率以及总风险度来度量不同基本水量方案的风险程度。在核算供水成本的基础上,计算了在实际供水量不足的情况下,三种水价方案的风险程度,得出胶东调水工程的基本水量不宜超过设计供水量的20%的结论,并通过灵敏度分析证明该方案具有一定的抗风险能力。     

光照对加工番茄穴盘苗植株形态及生理的影响

【目的】通过对穴盘苗设置光照和遮阴条件,探讨光照对穴盘苗植株形态及生理的影响。【方法】以加工番茄87-5(里格尔,下同)和新番41号为材料,设置正常光照和遮阴两个处理,对比研究穴盘徒长苗与正常苗在外部形态指标及生理发生的变化差异。【结果】遮光处理下的穴盘苗株高变高、叶面积变大、RWC(相对含水量)上升、叶片数减少、WSD(饱和亏)下降、根系活力下降,与此同时SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性、游离脯氨酸、POD(过氧化物酶)活性、总糖量、过氧化氢酶活性、丙二醛均有一定程度的下降。【结论】光照对加工番茄穴盘苗的植株形态及生理有明显的影响,充足的光照直接影响到穴盘苗的成苗质量。     

黄河班多段鱼类多样性初步研究及保护对策

黄河班多段位于青海省兴海县境内,是黄河上游主要鱼类分布区之一.2011年4-11月对黄河班多段鱼类资源进行了调查.设采样点4个,分别在鱼类生长繁殖的重要时期使用不同网具采捕4次,并结合走访调查及鱼类样本的实验室鉴定与分析,重点研究鱼类种类、鱼类多样性、丰富度及均匀度,并提出了保护对策.结果表明,本次调查共采集鱼类10种、138尾,均为土著鱼类,种类占黄河上游青海段鱼类近1/2,班多段鱼类多样性相对黄河上游青海段其它水域较高,鱼类组成与黄河上游青海段其它水域相似,种类相对比较丰富,涉及多种保护鱼类,但每种鱼的个体均匀度较差,抗外界扰动的能力差.     

Effects of Cold Spell on Student Dormitory in Shanghai in the Early Winter

Healthy and comfortable dormitory environment has a major impact on students daily life. Indoor thermal environment parameters and CO2 concentration of typical student dormitories under natural ventilation during cold spell was studied through a 29-day co     

Early selection for resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heterobasidion parviporum</Emphasis> in Norway spruce is not likely to adversely affect growth and wood quality traits in late-age performance

Infections with Heterobasidion parviporum devalue the Norway spruce timber as the decayed wood does not meet the necessary quality requirements for sawing. To evaluate the incorporation of disease resistance in the Norway spruce breeding strategy, an inoculation experiment with H. parviporum on 2-year-old progenies of 466 open-pollinated families was conducted under greenhouse (nursery) conditions. Lesion length in the phloem (LL), fungal growth in sapwood (FG) and growth (D) were measured on an average of 10 seedlings for each family. The genetic variation and genetic correlations between both LL, FG and growth in the nursery trial and wood quality traits measured previously from 21-year old trees in two progeny trials, including solid-wood quality traits (wood density, and modulus of elasticity) and fiber properties traits (radial fiber width, tangential fiber width, fiber wall thickness, fiber coarseness, microfibril angle and fiber length). For both LL and FG, large coefficients of phenotypic variation (>?26%) and genetic variation (>?46%) were detected. Heritabilities of LL and FG were 0.33 and 0.42, respectively. We found no significant correlations between wood quality traits and growth in the field progeny trials with neither LL nor FG in the nursery trial. Our data suggest that the genetic gains may reach 41 and 52% from mass selection by LL and FG, respectively. Early selection for resistance to H. parviporum based on assessments of fungal spread in the sapwood in nursery material, FG, will not adversely affect growth and wood quality traits in late-age performance.     

Characterization of Francisella tularensis Strains,Comparing Their Carbon Source Utilization

Thirteen Francisella tularensis strains were isolated from 22 seropositive brown hares (Lepus europaeus) originating from different parts of Hungary, and further two from a patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) and vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops). The isolates were identified as F. tularensis ssp. holarctica on the basis of culture, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The identification was verified by polymerase chain reaction and the sequencing of the partial 16S rRNA gene. Utilization of carbon sources of the 15 F. tularensis strains was characterized with the Biolog system. The system was able to identify the strains already after 4 h of incubation, not only after the standard 24 h. After the analysis and comparison of the metabolic profiles of our strains with the Biolog database, it was concluded that not all carbon sources indicated in the database were utilized by our isolates. The Biolog software fails to distinguish the highly virulent F. tularensis ssp. tularensis and the moderately virulent F. tularensis ssp. holarctica but the Biolog microplates can be manually read to differentiate the two subspecies based on glycerol source utilization. As all the studied strains were unable to use glycerol, they could be identified as F. tularensis ssp. holarctica. The dendrogram based on the metabolic relationship of the strains shows that the isolates are very similar to each other, which correlates with the conservative genetic character of F. tularensis ssp. holarctica.     

新疆小麦品种春化和光周期主要基因的组成分析

为了明确新疆冬春麦区小麦春化和光周期基因的分布特点,利用STS标记对185份品种(系)的重要春化基因Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1、Vrn-D1、Vrn-B3和光周期基因Ppd-D1位点的等位变异组成进行了检测和分析。结果表明,在新疆小麦品种中,春化和光周期基因位点显性等位变异分布频率不同。含有春化显性等位变异Vrn-A1的品种47个,占供试品种(系)的25.4%;Vrn-B1为43个,占23.3%;Vrn-D1为38个,占20.5%;Vrn-B3位点不存在显性等位变异。春化显性等位变异Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1在冬、春性小麦内的分布比例也不同。在春性小麦品种(系)中,显性等位变异Vrn-A1出现的频率较高(55.3%);其次为Vrn-B1,占50.6%;Vrn-D1占44.7%。在冬性小麦中,仅有显性等位变异Vrn-B1出现,占2.0%。在光周期基因Ppd-D1位点,80.0%的品种(系)携带光不敏感显性等位变异Ppd-D1a;其中在春性和冬性小麦品种(系)中,Ppd-D1a出现的频率分别为83.5%和77.0%。新疆小麦品种(系)中,存在11种春化和光周期基因显性等位变异组合。