具有水力推进器的水下清淤机的设计

采用图谱设计法设计具有水力推进器的行走式水下清淤机，目的是为了适应水下复杂的土层条件，计算显示，装有一个水力推进器后可增加推力300N左右，结果令人满意，经实验测试，装了水力推进器的清淤机能明显改善工作情况，得到测试部门的肯定。     

Embodied-carbon analysis of renewable energy utilization system

Based on the energy analysis theory and carbon footprint analysis, it presents the concept of embodied-carbon and sets up the relevant systematical analysis method and assessment indexes such as CO2 payback period, benefit-cost ratio, CO2 emissions reduction transformity to assess the renewable energy utilization system. These indicators can be a comprehensive evaluation of the utilization of renewable energy in the energy saving and CO2 emission reduction. It analyzes and evaluates photovoltaic power generation system by using the embodied-carbon analysis method and evaluates the potential of solar energy utilization in China.     

高磷土壤施用锌肥对玉米氮磷钾吸收和积累的影响

在田间高磷土壤条件下,研究不同锌肥施用量对玉米各个生育期植株氮磷钾吸收和积累以及对产量的影响,以期为提高氮磷钾的利用率、玉米增产和合理施锌肥提供科学依据。研究结果表明:施用锌肥能提高玉米各生育期植株和籽粒N和K的含量,P的含量则呈降低的趋势。同一施锌量,玉米植株积累的NPK量随植株生长而增加,在同一生育期中,玉米植株积累的N和K量在施锌量10～50 kg/hm2范围内,呈增加的趋势,继续增加施锌量则呈降低的趋势,累积的P量在施锌量10～150 kg/hm2范围内呈降低的趋势,说明施锌量10～150 kg/hm2范围内,能够提高NK肥的利用率。不同施锌量对玉米产量的影响是施锌量10～50 kg/hm2范围内,呈增加的趋势,继续增加施锌量则呈降低的趋势。     

局部凸空间X的强对偶X*可距离化的充要条件

在一般局部凸空间X中，通过X中的有界集B，我们构造了新的有界集B^∪以及由B^∪组成的有界集族B^∪，利用^∪中有界集的良好性质，得到了X的强对偶空间X^*可距离化的一个充要条件。并由此证明了：由Xn所构成的严格归纳极限空间X的强对偶空间X^*可距离化的充要条件是诸Xn^*都可距离化；(LB)空间X的强对偶X^*可距离化而(LF)空间X的强对偶X^*不可距离化；广义函数空间D^*(Ω)和E^*(Ω)都不可距离化。     

小型木材除湿干燥设备的合理配置及应用

提出了小型木材除湿干燥机的结构及合理配置措施，降低操作技术难度的解决办法，以及适合小型木材加工企业应用的干燥工艺。分析表明，该设备具有性能稳定、性价比高等特点，在小型木材加工企业中有广阔的应用前景。     

恢复生态学与黄土高原生态系统的恢复与重建问题

黄土高原是我国水土流失最严重的地区 ,防止生态系统退化以及退化生态环境的恢复与重建 ,是改善区域生态环境 ,实现可持续发展的保障。介绍了恢复生态学基本理论及生态恢复的方法 ,并基于黄土高原的自然、经济和社会状况 ,提出黄土高原生态恢复基本途径、目标、策略、方法及存在的问题。     

栽植密度对杏李味帝产量的影响

2004～2008年进行了杏李味帝栽植密度试验,研究结果表明,合理密度能有效提高杏李味帝单位面积产量.在定植3年内,杏李味帝的栽植密度采用1.5 m × 2 m,有利于提高单位面积产量.定植3年以后,对高密度定植的要进行行间间伐,行株距调整到3 m × 2 m,使果园通风透光,是保证杏李味帝在定植5年内丰产稳产的重要措施.     

具有水力推进器的水下清淤机的设计

采用图谱设计法设计具有水力推进器的行走式水下清淤机，目的是为了适应水下复杂的土层条件，计算显示，装有一个水力推进器后可增加推力300N左右，结果令人满意，经实验测试，装了水力推进器的清淤机能明显改善工作情况，得到测试部门的肯定。     

Einfluss des mulchens von grünlandflächen auf den nährstoffkreislauf

In einem siebenjährigen Feldversuch wurde bei Grünlandflächen auf Niedermoor die Wirkung des Mulchens gegenüber der Mahd mit Flächenabräumung verglichen. Das durch Mulchen auf der Fläche verbleibende Mulchgut verrottet und führt die freigesetzten Nährstoffe dem Nährstoffkreislauf am Ursprungsort der Aufnahme zu. Das bewirkte Ertragserhöhungen der folgenden Grünlandaufwüchse mit gleichzeitig höheren Nährstoffentzügen. Jährliches Mulchen über eine längere Zeitperiode steigerte die Kalium‐ und Phosphorgehalte im Boden. Die Pflanzenbestände veränderten sich in ihrer Vegetationszusammensetzung in dieser Zeit aber wenig.     

Effects of methionine on muscle protein synthesis and degradation pathways in broilers

This study investigated the hypothesis that supplementation of methionine (Met) to broiler diets increases muscle growth due to regulation of molecular pathways related to protein synthesis and degradation depending on the Met source. Day‐old male Cobb‐500 broilers (n = 240) were phase‐fed three different wheat–soya bean meal‐based basal diets during days 1–10, 11–21 and 22–35. Basal diets (Met‐ group, Met + Cys concentration 15% below NRC recommendations) were supplemented with 0.10% or 0.40% Met either as DL‐Met (DLM) or DL‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio) butanoic acid (DL‐HMTBA) (equimolar comparison). Breast muscle weights were lower in the Met‐ group compared to all Met‐supplemented groups and were lower in broilers supplemented with 0.10% of DL‐HMTBA compared to the other groups fed Met‐supplemented diets. However, the expression of genes or relative phosphorylation and thus activation state of proteins involved in the somatotropic axis, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway of protein synthesis, the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (UPP) and autophagy–lysosomal pathway of protein degradation, the GCN2/eIF2a pathway involved in the inhibition of protein synthesis and in the myostatin–Smad2/3 pathway involved in myogenesis were not affected by Met source. Feeding diets with suboptimum Met + Cys concentrations, however, decreased expression of GHR and IGF1 in liver and muscle and increased that of MURF1 involved in the UPP in the broiler's muscle at day 10 and 21, while that of FOXO and atrogin‐1 and FOXO phosphorylation remained unaffected. Additionally, suboptimum dietary Met concentrations increased expression of the autophagy‐related genes ATG5 and BECN1 at day 35. Met supplementation neither affected gene expression nor phosphorylation of proteins involved in the GNC2/eIF2a and mTOR pathways. These data indicate that protein synthesis was not affected on the molecular level, while protein degradation was marginally affected by dietary Met dosage.