区域逼近与动态图形法求解大行程液压支撑机构参数及优化

为实现一种作业与运输兼用型地轮机构的状态转换,针对其结构特点研究一种非端部支撑的新型液压支撑方案,以满足在有限的安装空间内实现大工作行程的要求。在建立该机构力学及运动学模型的基础上,通过几何关系及动力约束条件进行参数的区域逼近;确定液压缸安装位置和参数的可行域后,运用动态图形模拟摆梁步进旋转时机构的运动情况,观测参数取值域曲线的运动状态,得出与可行边界线的交点,从而确定在液压系统压力16 MPa条件下,安装臂长度175 mm,安装臂距旋转点357 mm,液压缸缸体长度为916 mm,缸体内径为71 mm。研究及样机试用表明,非端部支撑对置双缸体液压支撑机构能够满足地轮状态转换的需要,且具有结构紧凑、工作行程大的特点。同时,该研究探索并证实了区域逼近与动态图形求解法在解决此类机构的优化与参数求解方面的可行性与有效性。     

试析哈萨克斯坦粮食增产的潜在因素

文章通过对哈萨克斯坦粮食生产现状的研究,分析了影响哈萨克斯坦粮食增产的潜在因素,认识到哈萨克斯坦将在世界粮食市场上发挥越来越重要的作用。     

A study on indicators and evaluation stages of aluminum tolerance in soybean

To determine an appropriate indicator and a suitable stage for evaluating tolerance of soybeans to aluminum (Al) toxin is one of the keys to effective breeding for the trait. Seventeen accessions selected as tolerant from a previous test program by using average membership index (F _Ai ) as indicator, plus one tolerant (PI.416937) and one sensitive (NN1138-2) check, were assayed in sand culture pot experiments, totaling four experiments, each for evaluation at V3, V5, V7 and V9 stage, respectively, each in a randomized complete block design with three replications, and each genotype exposed to two Al levels (0 and 480 μM). The relative values of shoot dry weight (RSDW), root dry weight (RRDW), total plant dry weight (RTDW), total root length (RTRL) and total root surface area (RRSA) as the tolerance indicators as well as F _Ai were compared. All the indicators showed significant variation in Al tolerance among genotypes over and across the leaf stages, but Genotype × Stage interactions were significant only for RTRL and RRSA, indicating that they were less stable among stages than RTDW, RSDW and RRDW. Among the latter three, RTDW was chosen as the major indicator of Al tolerance due to its relatively better stability, higher correlation with other indicators and easier measuring procedure than the others. The seedling age applicable for screening was not definitive, but V5 appeared to compromise between time spent resulting from screening the relatively older seedlings at later stages and low variation among genotypes at a younger stage. The differences of Al tolerance among the tested accessions were further detected by using RTDW, and superior Al tolerant accessions identified were PI.509080 (South Korea), N23533 and N24282 (Northeast China) and PI.159322 (USA), comparable to the putative tolerant check PI.416937 (Japan) at all vegetative stages.     

我国企业信息能力评价指标体系与测度研究

企业信息能力成为企业获取竞争优势、提高竞争力的重要因素,因此分析和评价企业信息能力具有十分重要的理论价值和实践指导意义。分析了影响企业信息能力的关键要素,构建了我国企业信息能力评价的指标体系,并提出了企业信息能力评价的测度方法,以期为我国企业信息能力的培育和提升提供指导。     

沂蒙山林区不同植物群落下土壤颗粒分形特征

运用土壤物理学和分形学原理与方法,研究了沂蒙山林区7种植物群落下的土壤颗粒组成与分形特征。结果表明:1)研究区土壤颗粒组成具有石质山地典型粗骨土的结构特征,各种植物群落的土壤中以粗砂粒含量最高,细砂粒含量次之,而石砾含量和粉黏粒含量较低;2)防护林群落具有显著地改善土壤颗粒组成和提高土壤颗粒分形维数的作用,其作用程度为针阔叶(赤松+麻栎)混交林依次高于阔叶林(刺槐纯林、麻栎纯林)和针叶林(赤松纯林);3)土壤颗粒分形维数与土壤中粉黏粒(粉粒及黏粒)含量呈极显著正相关,与细砂粒和粗砂粒含量呈显著的负相关,而与石砾含量的相关性不显著。研究成果可为沂蒙山区水土保持植被类型的合理选择与配置提供参考。     

Functional mapping of genotype-environment interactions for soybean growth by a semiparametric approach

Background  

Functional mapping is a powerful approach for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control biological processes. Functional mapping incorporates mathematical aspects of growth and development into a general QTL mapping framework and has been recently integrated with composite interval mapping to build up a so-called composite functional mapping model, aimed to separate multiple linked QTLs on the same chromosomal region.     

Integrative approach of histopathology and histomorphometry of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) organs as a marker of general fish health state in pond culture

The semi‐intensive system of common carp monoculture in earthen ponds is currently the most practiced fish rearing system in several countries in Eastern Europe. This system is based on the addition of supplemented feed to ponds to achieve faster growth. In this study, the general state of the fish health was monitored when three different types of feeds were used: grain cereals (CF), commercial pelleted feed and extruded feed. The markers used were: (i) the histopathological index (HP) of the main organs: gills, liver and kidney; and (ii) the histomorphometric parameters of the hepatocytes and enterocytes to assess the state of the digestive system in fish fed different types of supplemented feed. At the end of the experiment, the fish were in good health, since irreversible lesions were not noticed to a greater extent in any of the fish organs. There were also no other severe lesions present. However, the results showed differences in the HP indices of the liver and gills, as well as the total HP index, indicating a better health status of the fish in the CF group. The histomorphometric results showed larger cytoplasmic areas of hepatocytes in fish fed CF, which is attributed to glycogen accumulation and higher numbers of goblet cells in the distal intestines of fish fed compound feeds. This can be attributed to slight inflammation.     

Dietary Supplementation of Oregano and Sage Dried Leaves on Performances and Meat Quality of Rabbits

The aim of this research was to evaluate the dietary supplementation 1% （w/w） of oregano and sage dried leaves on performances and meat quality of broiler rabbits. A feeding trial, which lasted 48 d, was carried out on 105 male Bianca Italiana rabbits randomly divided in seven groups and fed ad libitum. At the end of the trial ten animals per group were slaughtered and samples of dorsal muscle were taken in order to perform laboratory analysis. Mortality rate did not statistically differ between groups. Growth performances of animals fed diets supplemented with aromatic plants were higher （P〈0.05） than those of animals of control group, whereas carcass parameters were not affected by treatments excepting for the slaughter weight that showed the same trend as growth performances. Meat quality traits, oxidative lipid stability and fatty acid proifle were not inlfuenced by aromatic plant supplementation. In conclusion, oregano and sage in form of dried leaves can be used in rabbit without adverse effects on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits.     

Relationship between tensile properties and microstructures of three different broadleaf tree roots in North China

为了研究乔木单根抗拉性能与其微观结构和纤维的关系,为筛选合适的水土保持、边坡防护树种提供理论基础,对白桦、榆树、蒙古栎3种北方常见阔叶树种的根系进行了抗拉力、抗拉强度、根系解剖结构以及根系分子离析等一系列的试验,并运用多元回归的方法对两者之间的关系进行定量的分析。试验结果表明：3种阔叶树种的根系显微结构基本和其树材相同;根系显微结构中木纤维所占根系横截面积的百分比、韧皮部所占根系横截面积的百分比、木纤维的尺寸因素影响单根的抗拉特性;其中木纤维所占根系横截面积的百分比对单根抗拉力的影响因子最大且呈正相关,韧皮部所占根系横截面积的百分比对单根抗拉强度的影响因子最大且呈正相关;同时单根抗拉特性与木纤维的长度、木纤维的长宽比以及壁腔比均成正相关,但影响因子小于木纤维所占根系横截面积的百分比、韧皮部所占根系横截面积的百分比;3个树种中榆树在相同直径下的各项测定指标都高于白桦和蒙古栎,表现出单根具有更好的抗拉特性。研究结果可为固土护坡阔叶树种的选择提供参考。