Approaches to Configuration Determinations of Flexible Marine Natural Products: Advances and Prospects

Flexible marine natural products (MNPs), such as eribulin and bryostatin, play an important role in the development of modern marine drugs. However, due to the multiple chiral centers and geometrical uncertainty of flexible systems, configuration determinations of flexible MNPs face great challenges, which, in turn, have led to obstacles in druggability research. To resolve this issue, the comprehensive use of multiple methods is necessary. Additionally, configuration assignment methods, such as X-ray single-crystal diffraction (crystalline derivatives, crystallization chaperones, and crystalline sponges), NMR-based methods (JBCA and Mosher’s method), circular dichroism-based methods (ECCD and ICD), quantum computational chemistry-based methods (NMR calculations, ECD calculations, and VCD calculations), and chemical transformation-based methods should be summarized. This paper reviews the basic principles, characteristics, and applicability of the methods mentioned above as well as application examples to broaden the research and applications of these methods and to provide a reference for the configuration determinations of flexible MNPs.     

抗菌肽对抗生素耐药菌株的抑菌活性研究

[目的]研究抗菌肽对抗生素耐药菌株的抑菌活性。[方法]利用抗性平板划线法从腹泻病牛血便中筛选分离出1株耐药菌,通过16S rDNA序列进行鉴定,采用琼脂孔穴扩散法通过梯度盐酸壮观霉素（spectinomycin,Spe⁺）、氨苄青霉素（ampicillin,Amp⁺）、硫酸卡那霉素（kanamycin,Kan⁺）和氯霉素（chloramphenicol,Cm⁺）试验确定该菌药敏特性,并利用1种抗菌肽制剂对该菌株进行药敏试验。[结果]经BLAST比对分析该菌16S rDNA序列,鉴定该耐药菌为科氏葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus cohnii）,此菌对Amp⁺敏感,但对试验中其他抗生素均有耐药性,各梯度抗菌肽对该耐药菌均具有明显的抑菌活性。[结论]抗菌肽能有效抑制耐药科氏葡萄球菌的生长,有望在畜牧生产中代替抗生素使用。     

Taxonomic and Bioactivity Characterizations of Mameliella alba Strain LZ-28 Isolated from Highly Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09

Microalgae host varied microbial consortium harboring cross-kingdom interactions with fundamental ecological significance in aquatic ecosystems. Revealing the complex biofunctions of the cultivable bacteria of phycosphere microbiota is one vital basis for deeply understanding the mechanisms governing these dynamic associations. In this study, a new light-yellow pigmented bacterial strain LZ-28 was isolated from the highly-toxic and harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09. Collective phenotypic and genotypic profiles were obtained to confidently identify this strain as a new Mameliella alba member. Comparative genomic analysis showed that strain LZ-28 shared highly similar functional features with other four marine algae-derived M. alba strains in spite of their distinctive isolation sources. Based on the bioactivity assaying, the mutual growth-promoting effects between bacterial strain LZ-28 and algal strain LZT09 were observed. After the culture conditions were optimized, strain LZ-28 demonstrated an extraordinary production ability for its bioflocculanting exopolysaccharides (EPS). Moreover, the portions of two monosaccharides glucose and fucose of the EPS were found to positively contribute to the bioflocculanting capacity. Therefore, the present study sheds light on the similar genomic features among the selected M. alba strains, and it also reveals the potential pharmaceutical, environmental and biotechnological implications of active EPS produced by this new Mameliella alba strain LZ-28 recovered from toxic bloom-forming marine dinoflagellate.     

绿鳍马面鲀雌雄性腺转录组比较分析

为探明绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)性腺发育相关基因表达特征,优化亲本生殖调控技术,本研究对绿鳍马面鲀雌雄亲体的精巢和卵巢进行了转录组测序分析,经de novo拼装,最终获得119 219个单基因(unigene),N50长度为1 255 bp。在NR、NT、KO、SwissProt、PFAM、GO及KOG数据库分别注释到24 009、35 057、18 453、26 971、30 294、11 420和21 613个unigene。绿鳍马面鲀精巢和卵巢转录组中存在18 954个差异表达基因(DEG),相对于精巢,在卵巢中上调表达的基因有11 265个,下调表达的有7 689个。选取bmp2、sox3、figla、hsd17b1、cyp19a、cyp17、foxl2、star和amh 9个DEGs进行实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)验证,结果显示,qRT-PCR结果与RNA-Seq分析相一致。GO和KEGG富集结果分析发现,amh、cyp17和star可能在绿鳍马面鲀雄性精子发生过程中起关键作用;bmp2、foxl2、cyp19a、figla和hsd17b1在雌性卵子发生和卵巢类固醇生成过程中发挥重要作用。本研究通过比较绿鳍马面鲀精巢和卵巢的转录组表达差异,初步阐明了精巢和卵巢的基因表达特征,为进一步研究绿鳍马面鲀的性腺发育机制奠定了基础。     

绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮组织结构观察

采用冰冻切片、组织学染色及扫描电镜的方法对绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)鱼皮组织结构进行研究。结果显示,绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮由表皮层、鳞片层、真皮层和皮下组织层构成,并据此绘制绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮组织结构模式图。表皮层由上皮细胞和基底细胞组成,其厚度为(26.81±7.48) μm;鳞片层由锥状骨质凸起和基板组成,基板厚度为(22.49±5.19) μm,基板上不均匀地分布2~4行直径大小不一、顶端弯曲程度不同、高度为(257.13±10.41) μm的锥状骨质凸起;真皮层厚度为中部>头部>尾部,平均厚度为(176.97±21.11) μm,主要由胶原纤维构成;皮下组织层主要由胶原纤维和非纤维间质构成。本研究可为开发利用绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮资源提供基础资料。     

仔猪日粮中添加糖萜素对生产性能及腹泻率影响研究

本试验按性别和体重选用120头杜×长×大21日龄断奶健康仔猪进行饲喂试验,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每重复8头猪。研究结果表明,饲料中添加糖萜素,提高了仔猪的日增重和采食量。糖萜素与黄霉素有一定的协同作用。     

生猪期货市场的建立和生猪期货交易

我国是生猪养殖、消费大国,生猪养殖在我国农业生产中意义重大。我国生猪市场“蛛网现象”非常明显,价格大幅波动,对整个产业的发展产生不利影响。我国农产品期货市场的运行情况表明,期货市场可以很好地转移贸易风险和发挥价格“指示器”的作用,已成为生产经营者的避险工具。开展生猪期货交易,     

原料成分变异的管理——分析是关键

畜禽日粮成分的变异可以说是其固有性质。除了一些特定的饲料谷物如玉米之外,大部分日粮原料都是各类加工物的副产品。     

仔稚鱼营养需求的研究现状

目前,生物饵料依然是仔稚鱼的主要营养来源,商业化生产这些生物饵料需投入大量的设备和人力,而且受自然条件影响很大,所以难于保证培育苗种的需要。因此,大力研究开发营养全面,价格低廉,适合水生动物幼体摄食与消化的人工微粒饲料,以部分或全部替代活饵料,对推动水产养殖业的多     

双酶复合水解谷朊粉制备小肽的工艺条件研究

<正>本研究以谷朊粉为原料,采用胰蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶水解谷朊粉蛋白,以水解度[1]、氮溶解指数[2]为评价指标,以反应pH值、加酶量、底物浓度、反应时间、温度为影响水解度大小的主要因素,筛选这两种蛋白酶的单酶和双酶复合的最佳水解条件。