镇海巨高长毛兔体重与产毛性能相关的研究

利用原全国家兔育种委员会2000年长毛兔性能测定数据,分析研究了镇海巨高长毛兔12月龄时体重与产毛性能的相关。结果表明:母兔的体重、标准含水率产毛量、单次产毛率和估测年产毛率均显著或极显著地高于公兔;随着体重的增加,标准含水率产毛量相应地提高,单次产毛率和估测年产毛率相应地下降;体重与标准含水率产毛量、单次产毛率的相关系数分别为0.225、-0.324(P<0.01);标准含水率产毛量与单次产毛率的相关系数为0.845(P<0.01)。     

Impact of controlled fermentation and steeping of high moisture corn on its nutritional value for pigs

High moisture corn (HMC) can undergo fermentation during storage that may improve its nutritional value for pigs. Stored HMC used in this study contained (n = 4) 75% dry matter (DM), and, on a DM basis, 63.8% starch, 0.5% mono and disaccharides, 9.9% protein, 19 mM acetic acid, 18 mM lactic acid (LA), 1.25 × 10⁷ cfu g^− 1 of LA producing bacteria, 2.88 g kg^− 1 total phosphorus (P), and 1.26 g kg^− 1 soluble P. The soluble P content was higher than in freshly harvested HMC (0.27 g kg^− 1 DM) and indicates P release during storage. Studies were aimed at altering the nutritional value of stored HMC by controlled fermentation or steeping. Changes in LA content were not affected (P > 0.05) by addition of exogenous Lactobacillus and Bacillus bacteria. Steeping of HMC with phytase (Ronozyme) was examined at four inclusion levels (0, 500, 750, 1000 FTU kg^− 1) and at either 21 °C or 37 °C. At 37 °C added phytase released virtually all phytate P within 6 h irrespective of the level (levels increased by 1.44 g P kg^− 1 DM); at 21 °C, the increase was maximized at 1.2 g P kg^− 1 DM after 24 h. The feeding value of HMC for pigs can be altered by steeping with exogenous phytase and does not appear to require microbial inoculants.     

Effect of feeding fermentable fiber on synthesis of total and mucosal protein in the intestine of the growing pig

In a previous study, a reduced efficiency of ileal digestible threonine (THR) use for body protein deposition was observed in growing pigs when pectin was included in the diet. This response was not due to increased physical endogenous ileal THR loss. Our aim was to explore the contribution of diet-induced increases in protein synthesis in the colon, especially mucins, to dietary THR requirements. Twelve barrows (21 kg mean BW) were fed either a cornstarch–soybean meal-based diet (Control) or Control with 12% pectin (Pectin). Pigs were given intravenously 1.5 mmol/kg BW of L-1-¹³C valine (40 mol%) to measure fractional and absolute synthesis rates (FSR, ASR, respectively) of mucosal and whole intestinal protein in the jejunum and colon. Dietary pectin inclusion increased plasma levels of glucose, isoleucine and glutamine (P < 0.05) but had no effect on insulin or urea nitrogen (P > 0.10). There were no differences in FSR and ASR of whole intestinal protein in jejunum and colon (P > 0.10). The FSR of mucosal proteins in colon, not in jejunum, was increased with dietary pectin supplementation (P < 0.05). Assuming mucosal protein mass is constant, these results imply that the higher protein synthesis in colon mucosa contributes to the reduced THR efficiency observed in pectin-supplemented diet.     

不同添加剂处理对小麦秸黄贮饲料发酵品质的影响

为研究纤维素酶和乳酸菌制剂以及尿素对小麦秸黄贮饲料品质的影响,分别设不同的处理组及对照进行小麦秸黄贮饲料的发酵试验。实验Ⅰ结果表明:尿素单独添加、尿素和纤维素酶混合添加显著提高粗蛋白的含量,尿素和乳酸菌制剂、以及尿素与乳酸菌制剂和纤维素酶混合添加都不能得到品质较好的小麦秸黄贮饲料。实验Ⅱ结果表明:各添加剂处理均显著降低黄贮饲料的pH值和中性洗涤纤维含量(P<0.05),显著提高乳酸、总酸和粗蛋白含量(P<0.05);添加剂处理能够明显改善小麦秸黄贮饲料的发酵品质,提高小麦秸的饲用价值。纤维素酶和乳酸菌制剂同时添加时,小麦秸黄贮饲料品质最好。     

贮藏条件对苜蓿叶蛋白功能性酶的影响

以苜蓿为原料,采用酸碱法沉淀叶蛋白凝聚物。冷冻干燥后,分析叶蛋白中常规营养成分的含量和氨基酸组成,以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的含量;得到的苜蓿叶蛋白分别在常温、4℃、-20℃、-40℃条件下储藏,在2周、4周、8周、12周时取样,分析超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性在储藏过程中的变化。结果表明：苜蓿叶蛋白中常规营养成分的含量远高于日常食品,各种氨基酸种类齐全;苜蓿叶蛋白中含有丰富的SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶;低温对SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的酶活性保存率保存效果最好。     

禽肉嫩度检测方法的探讨

针对目前禽肉品质检测中嫩度测定方法的多元化和检测数据的不可比性,就检测方法、采样方法以及影响检测结果的诸多因素进行一系列对比试验,结果发现熟样比生样检测结果要稳定,取样的准确性和剪切方向对检测结果影响显著.     

文昌鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质研究

本文就文昌鸡产蛋规律、种蛋品质进行研究.结果表明:文昌鸡开产后第7周前产蛋率快速上升,到开产后第7周或第8周,产蛋率到达最高峰,60%以上的产蛋率能维持15～18周,经过产蛋高峰期后,产蛋率缓慢下降,期间略有波动,说明文昌鸡的产蛋性能良好;文昌鸡55周龄蛋品质性状蛋重(EW)、蛋壳重(SW)、蛋壳厚度(ST)、蛋壳强度(SS)、哈氏单位(HU)、蛋形指数(SI)、蛋黄重(YW)、蛋黄颜色(YC)的测定结果平均值分别为49.00g、6.34 g、320.69μm、4.01 kg/cm2.70.02、1.31、16.45 g、6.13.     

2006年柑桔主要病虫发生趋势与防治

1发生趋势根据宜昌市历年病虫发生情况及各县市提供的越冬虫口基数、长期天气预报综合分析,预计2006年柑桔主要病虫是中等偏重,虫重于病发生年份。1·1红蜘蛛、黄蜘蛛发生程度4~5级(中等偏重),局部地区5级(大发生),春季发生高峰期较2005年提前,发生面积约5·53万hm2次左右(83万亩次)。1·2柑桔大实蝇发生程度4级,三峡大坝、清江隔河岩、高坝州等小水电工程周围、水果项目开发区及柑桔打蜡厂周边地区、宜昌城郊三峡、龙盘湖风景区,柑桔大实蝇偏重发生,发生面积约1·46万hm2次左右(22万亩次)。1·3柑桔粉虱发生程度4~5级,枝江、宜都等蜜柑产区…     

In vitro but not in planta encapsidation of Rice gall dwarf virus core particles by the outer capsid P8 protein of Rice dwarf virus expressed in transgenic rice plants

Transencapsidation of the Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) inner core by the Rice dwarf virus (RDV) outer capsid P8 protein was examined in vitro and in planta. When RGDV core particles were incubated with an extract from RDV P8-transgenic rice leaf tissue, RDV P8 encapsidated the RGDV core particles to form double-shelled virus-like particles in vitro. In contrast, when RDV P8-transgenic rice plants were inoculated with RGDV, progeny RGDV particles contained RGDV P8 but RDV P8 was not detectable in the virions. No significant differences were found in acquisition by the vector insects and subsequent transmission rates between RGDV infecting nontransgenic rice plants and those infecting RDV P8-transgenic rice plants. These results indicate that mechanisms of and/or requirements for interactions between P8 and the inner core particles of phytoreoviruses differ between in vitro and in planta.     

哈默教授眼中的中国养猪业

未来10年,中国动物蛋白的消费将成倍增长,而这种增长需要依靠高效率和高性能的生产得以实现。现代高效率养猪业依赖于学科的综合应用,这必将使养猪业经历一场技术革新,使得产品在产量、质量和生产效率等方面得到改善。在过去的5年时间里,哈默国际工作网络的专家组足迹已踏遍中国的大江南北,并先后与国内近20家饲料企业建立合作关系。他们将先进的技术和管理理念引入中国,在一定程度上加速了中国养猪业的发展。那么,这些国外动物营养专家如何看待中国的养猪业?在全球逐步一体化的今天,我们在产品技术的研发方面应该做哪些准备?面对动物疫情频发而食品安全呼声愈加强烈的矛盾,我们又该如何解决这一问题?《中国畜牧杂志》携您一起走近哈默,再次审视中国养猪业。